Æfing fyrir kafla 13

What is an implicit prejudice?

A person holds a prejudice without being aware of it.

What is a suppressed prejudice?

A person knows he or she is prejudiced but chooses not to express it in public.

When Gordon Allport said that "defeated intellectually, prejudice lingers emotionally," what did he mean?

A person's explicit prejudices may decline while implicit prejudices remain.

Which of the following measures of unconscious prejudice describes the IAT?

A person's slower associations between a target image and positive words than with negative words

Which of these ways of thinking can reduce the power of social identity threat?

Being aware that anxiety about taking tests is normal, especially for members of stigmatized groups

How can test takers reduce the effects of social identity threat on their performance?

By reminding themselves of their skills and good qualities

Increasing contact between groups will reduce prejudice if the following conditions

Common goals Higher status of the minority group Cooperation between groups

What is an aspect of social identity threat?

Feeling threatened by stereotypes that others hold of our group

What is one of the main reasons that the jigsaw method is effective?

It breaks down in-group versus out-group perceptions and stereotypes.

What is one of the main problems with the Implicit Association Test?

It is a better test of explicit prejudice than implicit prejudice.

What is social identity threat?

It is the anxiety felt by members of a stereotyped group when they are made aware of a stereotype about them.

A psychologist attempts to generate some explanations for Jane's prejudice against her out-group members.

Jane thinks that the members of her out-group are getting much better jobs than her in-group members. Jane, who belongs to the dominant social group in thecommunity, feels that she and her in-group members are more superior than the members of her out-group Jane believes that her in-group members unanimously have negative feelings toward the out-group.

according to the realistic conflict theory, which of the following leads to a conflict between groups and increases prejudice and discrimination?

Limited resources

Based on the results of the Robber's Cave experiment, which of the following environments is most likely to foster cohesiveness across racial groups, and why?

Military personnel because they must cooperate to accomplish the goal of defending and fighting for the nation.

What deacribes benevolent sexism?

People who see women as fragile and morally pure are also more likely to think them as inferior. Benevolent sexism leads people to treat women favorably when they are warm and competent. Benevolent sexists think more negatively about women who don't fulfill traditional notions of femininity

Most of the people are caught between the struggle to express their prejudice and the need to maintain a positive self-image. To relieve oneself from the discomfort experienced by suppressing their prejudice, people tend to

Resort to self-talk to convince oneself why suppressing their prejudice is important.

Stereotypes, emotions, and discrimination all contribute to prejudice and negative intergroup relations. Which of the following refers to the cognitive component of prejudice?

Stereotypes

All of the following are relevant to the jigsaw classroom

Students in the same group perform tasks interdependently. The goal of the jigsaw classroom is to reduce prejudice and increase self-esteem.d. Groups in the jigsaw classroom are usually multi-racial and small in number.

Why did early attempts at desegregation fail to reduce prejudice between ethnic groups?

The classroom environments were highly competitive.

What leads us to admire a social group?

The group is stereotyped as being competent and warm.

When people are attached to a "bogus pipeline" or other technological "lie detectors," how does this affect their willingness to admit their prejudices?

They are more likely admit prejudices that they would otherwise suppress.

Which of the following pairings would most people be likely to choose to be remarkably similar to each other?

Two out-group members

Jackie's attitude toward Muslim people is tested with the help of an Implicit Association Test (IAT). Later when she meets Muhamad, a Muslim man, which of the following would be the best indication of Jackie's attitude as measured through the IAT?

Whether she will later refer to Muhamad as "that Muslim guy I met."

Can positive stereotypes be wrong too?

Yes, a positive stereotype might categorize a person rather than see them as an individual.

What is implied by the extended contact hypothesis?

You will reduce prejudice among all your friends if they know you have cross-group friends.

A prejudice is

a hostile attitude toward members of a group, based solely on their membership in that group.

What happened in the Robber's Cave study?

a. The activities conducted between the two groups increased cohesiveness within a group's members. b. The boys were all strangers to each other, healthy in appearance, and from similar backgrounds. d. The study created hostility between two groups of boys by putting them in competitive situations with prizes for the winners.

According to social psychologists, ____________ prejudice may be declining; however, ______________ attitudes tend to still keep the prejudice alive below the surface

explicit prejudice may be declining; implicit attitudes tend to still keep the prejudice alive below the surface

For a job interview, two equally attractive candidates, Jack and Jill, reach the final stage where only one of them would be hired. The company director, Michael, thinks that Jack should get the job solely because Jack is a man and hence more capable than Jill. This is an example of

hostile sexism.

People in Community A have a certain prejudice against Indians and do not think they are friendly. When an Indian lady, Shalini, moves in to the area, not many people try to become friends with her. After a few months, Shalini moves out of the area because she thinks the people of that community are hostile toward her. Seeing that Shalini moves out, residents of Community A become even more convinced that Indians are uncooperative and unsociable. This example represents a case of

implicit prejudice.

Findings from social neuroscience suggest that

it has been evolutionarily beneficial for the brain to be able to rapidly form categories.

Zhang thinks that the members of his in-group have their own uniqueness and strengths; However, when describing the members of an out-group, he emphasizes that the latter share a great deal of similarities. Zhang's perception can be explained by

out-group homogeneity.

According to realistic conflict theory, prejudice and discrimination are likely to increase when

people are competing for jobs and security

The Robber's Cave study created hostility between two groups of boys by

putting them in competitive situations with prizes for the winners.

Regina, who is a talented baseball player, on her way to take a language test overhears someone say that athletes are usually not very smart. Later, Regina does poorly on her test—much worse than she normally would have. Regina has become a victim of

stereotype threat.