AEMT Chapter 13
Which of the following IV catheters would deliver the largest volume of fluid?
1 1/4 in 14-gauge catheter
One mililiter (mL) is the equivalent of:
1 cubic centimeter.
one mililiter (mL) is the equivalent of:
1 cubic centimeter.
Which of the following represents a "standard" drug dose?
1 mg.
The most appropriate administration set to use for a patient who requires rapid fluid replacement is one that delivers 1 mL of IV fluid per:
10 drops
A 7-year-old child has swallowed a bottle of aspirin. Medical control orders you to give the child 0.5 g/kg of activated charcoal. Based on the child's weight of 45 pounds, how much charcoal will you administer?
10 g
Prior to administering oral glucose to your diabetic patient, you look at the dosage, which reads 15 g. How many milligrams is this equivalent to?
15,000.
A severely injured patient has lost approximately 750 mL of blood. What is the appropriate volume of crystalloid solution to administer to the patient?
2,250 mL
You receive an order from medical control to start an IV of lactated Ringer and administer 150 mL/hr. Using macrodrip (15 gtts/mL) tubing, how many drops per minute should you set the flow rate at?
38
A 40-year-old female requires a medication to decrease her heart rate. The medication to be administered is supplied in a prefilled syringe in a concentration of 6mg/2 mL. How many millilitres are required to achieve a dose of 12 mg?
4 Ml
A 40-year-old female requires a medication to decrease her heart rate. The medication to be administered is supplied in a prefilled syringe in a concentration of 6 mg/2 mL. How many mililiters are required to achieve a dose of 12 mg?
4 mL
You have set an IV to deliver 250 mL of normal saline over 3 hours using microdrip tubing. How much fluid are you delivering every 30 minutes?
42 mL
You respond to an apartment complex for an unconscious male. When you arrive, the patient's friend tells you that he overdosed on heroin. Following your local protocol, you administer 2 mg of naloxone. You have 1 mL ampules of naloxone that contain 0.4 mg per ampule. How many ampules will you have to use?
5
A 68-year-old female with unstable bradycardia requires 0.5 mg of atropine containing 1 mg/10 mL. How many millilitres should be administered to the patient?
5 mL
A patient with congestive heart failure requires medication administration. Which of the following IV solutions would be most appropriate to use?
5% dextrose in water.
You have a prefilled syringe containing 25 g of dextrose in 50 mL of volume. How many milligrams of dextrose are present in each mililiter?
500 mg
Intracellular and extracellular fluid account for what percentage of total body weight?
60%
During a long-distance transport, you initiate an IV of normal saline and infuse 125 mL over 2 hours. Using microdrip tubing, how many drops per minute (gtt/min) is your IV flow rate set at?
63 gtt/min.
What is the approximate weight in kilograms of a 155-l patient?
70 kg.
The term "bolus" is defined as:
Administering a drug in one mass of volume.
Factors that can cause an insufficient or absent flow of fluid through an IV line include:
An IV bag that is placed too low.
A 60-year-old man is in cardiac arrest. As emergency medical responders are performing CPR, your partner is managing the patient's airway. After preparing your IV set, you should first attempt to cannulate the:
Anticubital vein.
Which of the following techniques is appropriate when cannulating a vein?
Apply traction to the vein and insert the needle with the bevel side up at a 45 degree angle.
During the IV procedure, when is it most appropriate to apply the constricting band?
Before you cleanse the venipuncture site.
Which of the following electrolytes determines whether or not the body is acidotic or alkalotic?
Bicarbonate
Which of the following electrolytes determines whether ot not the body is acidotic or alkalotic?
Bicarbonate
Major cations in the body include all of the following, except:
Bicarbonate.
An ion that has an overall positive charge is called a(n):
Cation.
Which of the following is a major anion in the body?
Chloride.
After starting an IV on a patient in shock, the AEMT accidentally gets stuck with the IV needle. This is referred to as a(n):
Contaminated stick.
After inserting an IV catheter into a vein, you should:
Decrease the angle of the catheter to 15 percent and insert the catheter a few millimetres farther.
Compounds or charges concentrated on one side of a cell membrane will move across it to an area of lower concentration to maintain balance on both sides of the cell wall. This process is called:
Diffusion
Compounds or charges concentrated on one side of a cell membrane will move across it to an area of lower concentration to maintain balance on both sides of the cell wall. This process is called:
Diffusion.
Which of the following formulas is correct for converting a patient's weight in pounds to his or her weight in kilograms?
Divide the patient's weight in pounds by 2 and subtract 10%.
A hypertonic solution is one that:
Draws fluid and electrolytes out of the cell.
Substances that become charged particles when they disassociate in water are called:
Electrolytes.
Compartment syndrome occurs when:
Fluid leaks out of the bone and into the osteofascial compartment.
Although painful and difficult to manage, what is the location of choice for starting IVs in pediatric patients?
Hand vein
Although painful and difficult to manage, what is the location of choice for starting IVs in pediatric patients?
Hand vein.
In addition to administering supplemental oxygen, what is the most appropriate management for a patient with circulatory overload caused by excessive IV fluid administration?
Head elevated, medical control notified.
Perfusion occurs in the capillaries as a result of _ hydrostatic pressures and _ in the capillary beds.
High, osmosis.
A solution that hydrates the cells while depleting the vascular compartment is referred to as being:
Hypotonic.
Once the "pigtail" that covers the access port of a bag of IV fluid has been removed, the fluid must be used:
Immediately
Once the "pigtail" that covers the access port of a bag of IV fluid has been removed, the fluid must be used:
Immediately.
The purpose of a constricting band when starting an IV is to:
Increase venous pressure at the puncture site.
Reconstituting a drug, such as glucagon, involves:
Injecting liquid from one vial into another vial that already contains powder.
Actions taken after administering a medication to a patient include all of the following, except:
Inquiring about drug allergies.
When inserting an IV into the external jugular vein, you should:
Insert the catheter with the tip pointing towards the shoulder.
_ Fluid accounts for approximately 16% of the body's total weight.
Interstitial.
_ fluid accounts for approximately 16% of the body's total weight.
Interstitial.
The majority of the body's potassium is found within the:
Intracellular fluid
Which of the following routes is the quickest for getting medication into the central circulation?
Intravenous.
Five percent dextrose in water (D5W) is an isotonic solution until it:
Is administered to a patient.
What is the most significant drawback to cannulating a scalp vein in a child with a butterfly catheter?
It does not allow for rapid fluid administration.
What role does phosphorus play in the body?
It is an important component in the formation of adenosine triphosphate.
When chosing an IV site on an elderly patient, you should:
Know that varicose veins allow minimal circulation.
The term applied to the practice of preventing contamination of the patient when performing an invasive procedure is called:
Medical asepsis.
An isotonic solution is one that causes:
No change in the shape of the cell.
Shortly after starting an IV on a patient with a possible femur fracture, the patient experiences a sudden onset of shortness of breath and develops cyanosis. After reassessing airway patency and breathing adequacy, you should position the patient:
On the left side with the head down.
Shortly after starting an IV on patient with a possible femur fracture, the patient experiences a sudden onset of shortness of breath and develops cyanosis. After reassessing airway patency and breathing adequacy, you should position the patient:
On the left side with the head down.
When attaching an administration set to a bag of IV fluid and priming the IV tubing, you should ensure that the drip chamber is:
One half full.
Osmosis is defined as the:
Passive transport of molecules across the cell membrane.
Contraindications for intraosseous infusion include all of the following, except:
Patients who are in cardiac arrest or status epilepticus.
Other than oxygen, prior to administering any medication to a patient, you must take standard precautions and then:
Perform a careful assessment of the patient
The cell membrane is a(n) _ bilayer, which is an important barrier to fluid movement and acid-base balance.
Phospholipid.
A glass drug cartridge and syringe are components of a(n):
Prefilled syringe.
You are transporting a patient with an IV of D5W. Which of the following signs would be atypical of inflitration?
Redness around the IV site.
While starting an IV on a patient, you see bright red blood quickly traveling up the IV tubing. you should:
Remove the catheter and apply direct pressure.
A 66-year-old male with congestive heart failure presents with pulmonary edema and difficulty breathing. His blood pressure is 180/90 mm Hg and his pulse rate is 110 beats/min and irregular. When starting an IV, which of the following, if available, would be most appropriate for this patient?
Saline lock.
Which of the following electrolytes is essential for the distribution of water throughout the body?
Sodium.
When administered to a normally hydrated patient, normal saline will:
Stay in the intravascular space.
When administering a medication via the intramuscular route, should should:
Stretch the skin over the area and insert the needle at a 45 degree angle.
When administering a medication via the intramuscular route, you should:
Stretch the skin over the area and insert the needle at a 90 degree angle.
Which of the following statements regarding subcutaneous injections is correct?
Subcutaneous injections are usually given with a 24-gauge to 26-gauge needle.
Prior to administering an oral medication to a patient, you must:
Take standard precautions.
Before you can calculate an IV drip rate, you must know all of the following information, except:
The gauge of the IV catheter you will use.
Unlike IM or SC injections, intravenously administered drugs rapidly affect the body because:
They bypass most barriers to drug absorption.
A stable patient requires an IV line in the vent that medication therapy is needed. When selecting the appropriate vein, you should first attempt to cannulate the:
Vein on the hand.
If used in pediatric patients, butterfly catheters are commonly placed in the:
Veins of the scalp.
Which of the following is not a crystalloid?
Whole blood.
Once the protective wrap is removed from a bag of IV fluid, the fluid must be used:
Within 24 hours.
When administering a medication via the intranasal route with a mucosal atomizer device, it is important to remember that:
You must spray half of the medication dose into each nostril.
Sclerosis of a vein is caused by:
frequent cannulation.
