AEMT Final

A 20 year old female, who is a known IV drug abuser, has overdosed on heroin. Your assessment reveals that she is semiconscious, bardycardic, and hypotensive. Her respirations are slow and shallow. As your partner is assisting her ventilations, you should start an IV and give:

0.4 mg of naloxone, followed by a reassessment

WHich of the following IV catheters would deliver the largest volume of fluid?

1 1/4" 14 gauge catheter

A 60 year old male has sustained partial and full thickness burns to his anterior chest, head, and both anterior arms. on the basis of the "Rule of Nines" what percentage of his BSA has been burned?

36%

The normal range for blood glucose levels in nonfasting adults and children ranges from:

80 to 120 mg/ dL

In most people, a systolic BP of ____ is sufficient to adequately perfuse the brain and other vital organs

80-90

What is the pathophysiology of distributive shock?

A disproportionate volume of blood due to an enlarged vascular space.

You are assessing a 52 year old male with respiratory distress. The MOST ominous signs of severe hyposemia and imminent cardiact arrest is

A marked decrease in the heart rate

Which of the following scenarios is MOST consistent with abondonment?

A report is given to a hospital clerk because you must respond to another call.

Acute abdominal pain in a female of childbearing age should be assumed to be:

A ruptured ectopic pregnancy

A 19 year old female presents with severe paint o the left lower quadrant of her abdomen. She is restless, tachypneic, and tachycardic. When you inquire about her last menstrual period, she tells you that it was approximately 2 months ago. You should suspect:

A ruptured ectopic prgnancy

Continual reassessment of the scene at a suspected terrorist or WMD incident is MOST important because:

A secondary explosive device may detonate

Movement of an extremity towards the midline of the body is called:

Adduction

Five minutes after administering a patient's epinephrine auto-injector to him, you reassess him and note that his symptoms have not improved. You should:

Administer a second dose of epinephrine, if the patient has another auto-injector or administer 0.3-0.5 epi from your kit

The term "bolus" is defined as:

Administering a drug in one mass of volume

WHich of the following scenarios involves ALS skill?

Administering oxygen and infusing IV fluids

According to Starling's law of the heart:

An increase in diastolic filling increases contractility

Because delirium and dementia can present in a similar manner, an important part of the assessment process of an elderly patient with an altered mental status is to:

Ascertain the patient's baseline mental status

An 82 year old male with a possible hip fracture becomes extremely irritable and confused during your assessment. you should:

Ask the family if he has Alzheimer's disease

Characteristics of adequate breathing in an adult include all fo the following EXCEPT

Asymmentrical chest movement

Shortly after administering epinephrine to a 49-year old male with anaphylactic shock, he becomes unconscious. your assessment reveals that he is pulseless and apneic. You should:

Begin CPR and apply the AED

You are dsipatched to an assisted living center for a 67 year old male with "mental status changes." You arrive at the scene and begin to assess the patient. He is responsive to painful stimuli only, has rapid and shallow breathing, and a slow radial pulse. You should:

Begin assisting the patient's ventilations

Carbon Monoxide (CO) causes severe tissue hypoxia because it:

Binds to the hemoglobin molecule and inhibits cellular oxygenation

While stacking wood on a woodpile, a 60 year old male experienced immediate, severe pain on the back of his hand. he complains of abdominal pain, nausea, and dizziness. Your assessment reveals that he is conscious and alert, but has an extremely rigid abdomen. You should suspect a:

Black widow spider bite

An ischemic stroke is MOST often the result of

Blocked cerebral artery

During your assessment of a trauma patient, you note the presence of bilateral femur fractures. This means that:

Both femurs are broken

A patient who presents with hypotension, jugular venous distention, and a rapid irregular pulse, should be suspected of experiencing:

Cardiogenic shock

Shortly following a meal, a 49 year old female complains of acute pain tot he right upper quadrant of her abdomen with referred pain to her right shoulder. This is MOST suggestive of acute

Cholecystitis

Perfusion is defined as:

Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue.

When a warm hand touches a cold object, heat passes directly from the body to the colder object. This is an example of:

Conduction

An appropriate demonstration of professionalism when your patient is frightened, demanding, or unpleasant is to:

Continue to be nonjudgemental, compassionate, and respectful

Appropriate management of a patient with an abdominal evisceration includes:

Covering the exposed organs with a moist, sterile dressing and securing the dressing in place with a dry, sterile dressing

When replacing lost volume with crystalloids, it is important to remember that:

Crystalloids do not have the capacity of carrying oxygen

A 70 year old man presents with generalized weakness and dizziness. His blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg when he is sitting, 96/56 mm Hg when he is standing. His heart rate is 120 beats/min and his skin is flushed and dry. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's signs and symptoms?

Dehydration

oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveocapillary membrane through a process called

Diffusion

Which of the following patients has the legal right to refuse treatment

Disoriented 60 year old male with a possible stroke

You respond to a call for an older woman who has fallen. Upon arrival at the scene, you assess the patient, who is responsive and alert to person, place, time , and event. She sates that she does not want to go to the hospital; however, her son requests that you take her. What should you do?

Ensure the patient is fully aware of the consequences of refusing treatment.

When caring for a morbidly obese patient, you should

Establish his or her chief complaint and then communicate your plans to help

An allergic reaction is MOST accurately defined as:

Exaggerated response of the body's immune system to a foreign stimulus

For consent to be informed, the AEMT must:

Explain the risks and benefits of treatment.

Most cases of anthrax begin with

Flulike symptoms

The transfer of patient care officially occurs when you

Give an oral report to a nurse or physician

Glucagon will NOT be effective if:

Glycogen stores in the liver are depleted

A service dog is easily identified by its

Harness

Most people who are hearing impaired:

Have learned to read body language, such as hand gestures

A 30 year old female presents with signs of dehydration, generalized weakness, and cool, clammy skin. She is conscious and alert and has an oral temperature of 101.5F. This clinical presentation is MOST consistent with:

Heat exhaustion

In which of the following situations would a diabetic patient MOST likely develop hypoglycemic crisis (insulin shock)?

Heavy exertion following a small meal

You are treating a 2 year old boy who is experiencing respiratory distress. During your assessment, you note that the child has mild inspiratory stridor, a barking cough, and a low-grade fever. The child is otherwise conscious, is acting appropriate for his age, and has strong radial pulses. Treatment should include:

Humidified oxygen

When assessing a 30 year old female in her second trimester of pregnancy, the MOST important clinical sign of preeclampsia for the AEMT to recognize is:

Hypertension

You are administering aspirin to a patient with crushing chest pain when he ask you if he is having a heart attack. An appropriate response to his question would be:

I don't know

In addition to supplemental oxygen, preshospital treatment for a patient with hyperglycemic ketoacidosis should focus on:

IV fluid rehydration

The purpose of a constricting band when starting an IV is to:

Increase venous pressure at the puncture site

Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system results in:

Increased blood pressure and heart rate

In addition to epinephrine, other medications that can be administered to patients with an allergic reaction include:

Inhalated bronchodilators

The two processes that occur during respiration are:

Inspiration and expiration

When administering Nitroglycerin via the sublingual route, you should

Instruct the patient not to chew or swallow the medication

WHich of the following medications are typically administered via the subcutaneous route?

Insulin and epinephrine

What is the mechanism of action of activated charcoal when administered to a patient who has ingested a poisonous substance?

It adsorbs to the toxic substance and delays the digestive process

In addition to serving as legal documentation, which of the following is the MOST critical function of the patient care report?

It ensures continuity of patient care

A patient was struck in the right lower anterior chest with a baseball bate. In addition to fractured ribs, you should be suspicious of injury to the:

Liver

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely mimic the signs and symptoms of an acute ischemic stroke?

Low blood glucose level

A 13 year old child is on a home ventilator. The parents called because the ventilator is malfunctioning and the child has increasing respiratory distress. you should:

Place a call to the home health agency treating this patient

You are dispatched to a residence for a 33 year old pregnant female with vaginal bleeding. The patient's husband tells you that she is 37 weeks' pregnant and has not had any problems with this pregnancy. Your assessment reveals the presence of bright red vaginal bleeding and mild abdominal cramping. The patient is conscious and laert with a blood pressure of 94/64 mm Hg and a pulse rate of 110 beats/min. You should be MOST suspicious for a

Placenta previa

Typical signs and symptoms of pneumonia include

Pleuritic chest pain, fever, and rhonchi

Compared to the frontal region of the skull, the occiput is:

Posterior

While treating a man with severe chest pain and difficulty breathing, you are presented with a valid do not resuscitate order by the patient's wife. She tells you that her husband does not want any "heroics" How should you manage this situation?

Provide supportive care and transport the patient

Approximately 2 weeks following a total hip replacement, a 70 year old female complains of a sudden onset of dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain. Your assessment reveals perioral cyanosis, blood tinged sputum, and wheezing to the base of her right lung. As your partner applies high-flow oxygen, the patient states that she has a history of hypertension. You should be MOST suspicious of:

Pulmonary embolism

WHen the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy:

Quadruples

A 68 year old female with a history of Alzheimer's disease complains of acute abdominal pain. As you prepare to start an IV on her, she becomes verbally abusive. You should:

Remain patient and explain the procedure to her.

After medical control has ordered you to start an IV and administer normal saline at 125 mL/ hr, you should:

Repeat the order, word for word

When communicating with medical control via radio, you should:

Request confirmation for any orders given

Most terrorist attacks:

Require multiple terrorists working together

32 year old male ingested a large quantity of Dilaudid, a powerful opiate. Which of the following clinical signs would you MOST likely encounter during your assessment?

Respiratory depression and hypotension

Your assessment of a patient with an allergic reaction should focus on the:

Respiratory system, circulatory system, mental status, and skin

A 69 year old male with a history of hypertension and insulin-dependent diabetes complains of an acute onset of tearing pain in the lower quadrants of his abdomen that radiates to the back. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg, pulse is 110 beat/min and thready, and respirations are 24 breaths/min and shallow. This clinical presentation is MOST consistent with:

Ruptured or dissecting aortic aneurysm

WHich of the following complications is MOST commonly associated with hypoglycemic crisis (Insulin shock)?

Seizures

When discontinuing an IV line, you should FIRST:

Shut off the flow from the IV with the roller clamp

WHich of the following is the MOST effective method of immobilizing a fractured clavicle

Sling and swathe

When the parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated, it:

Slows the heart rate by decreasing SA node discharge

A 55 year old male sustained partial thickness burns to his face and neck when he opened the hot radiator cap on his car. he is conscious and alert but complains of dyspnea and difficulty swallowing. His oxygen saturation is 96% on room air. you should be MOST concerned about the:

Status of his airway

Which of the following is the MOST significant consequence of inappropriate documentation?

Subsequent patient care that is inappropriate

On which of the following injuries would it be MOST appropriate to apply a traction splint?

Swelling and ecchymosis to the midshaft femur

Amphetamines and methamphetamines are examples of:

Sympathomimetics

Decreases in cardiac output and blood pressure in a patient with anaphylactic shock are the result of:

Systemic vasodilation

Potential side effects of epinephrine include:

Tachycardia and hypertension

You arrive at the scene of a shooting. The patient, a young man, was shot in the head and has exposed brain matter. he is pulseless and apneic. What should you do?

Take necessary precautions not to disturb the scene

A 68 year old male presents with confusion, left sided hemiparesis, and decreased muscle tone to the right side of his face. You administer oxygen, start an IV, and begin transport to the hospital. En route, the patient becomes more coherent and slowly regains use of his left arm. These findings are MOST suggestive of:

Temporary ischemia to the right side of the brain

Initially, following submersion in fresh water, the lungs are not inundated with fluid because

The larynx spasms and protects the airway

You respond to a nursing home's call regarding an older patient who fell. During your assessment, you not injuries that are not consistent with the mechanism described. You should:

Transport the patient and report your suspicions.

A 69 year old female presents with chest pressure and nausea. As you begin your assessment, the patient's husband hands you a valid "do not resuscitate" document and tells you that his wife has terminal cancer. How should you manage this situation?

Treat the patient as though she is experiencing a myocardial infarction

a 21 year old female in her third trimester of pregnancy was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She was unrestrained and struck a telephone pole while traveling approximately 40 MPH. She complains of severe abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding and has signs of shock. While palpating her abdomen, you can feel a fetal body part through the abdominal wall. On the basis of the mechanism of injury and the patient's clinical presentation, you should suspect a

Uterine rupture

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, at the cellular level or in the lungs, is called

Ventilation

The MOST common cardiac dysrhythmia associated with sudden cardiac death following an acute myocardial infarction is:

Ventricular fibrillation

Which of the following is NOT a crystalloid?

Whole blood

Which of the following statements regarding patient refusals is correct?

You cannot legally mandate that a patient sign a refusal form

A breakable glass container that is designed to carry a single medication dose is called an

ampule

You arrive at the scene where an older man inadvertently overdosed on his blood pressure medication. he is unresponsive with shallow respirations. The patient's wife is unavailable. You should:

begin treatment and transpor tthe patient to the hospital.

When rapidly cooling a semiconscious patient with heatstroke, you must stop the cooling process if the patient:

begins to shiver

because the gastrointestinal tract slows with aging, the elderly patient is prone to frequent:

bowel obstructions

An AEMT is trained and generally authorized to perform all of the following interventions EXCEPT:

interpretation of cardiac rhythms

You arrive at the scene of a domestic dispute. You can hear yelling and the sound of breaking glass from inside residence. you should

retreat to a safe place until the scene has been secured.

The process of moving are into and out of the lungs is called

ventilation

The process performed to artificially maximize the target population's exposure to a biological agent, thereby exposing the greatest number of people and achieving the desired effect, is called:

weaponization