afras 170a Chapter 7-11 Final
It reinforced white beliefs that the free black population was a dangerous influence
Which of the following is true about the Denmark Vesey Conspiracy in 1822?
The free soil party
Which party formed in 1848 to prevent the expansion of slavery into the territories?
Philly
1820-1860 The largest free black urban population
wanted nothing to do with blacks and had the same racist ideas as southerners
Most white northerners in the period 1820-1860
harbor fugitives and bought others freedom
Most women in the abolitionist movement?
They feared that the freed slaves would rush into the North, and compete with them for jobs
Other than outright racism, why did many white working-class people oppose the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation?
He thought slavery should immediately be abolished. get full citizens and equal rights
William Lloyd Garrison thought?
Solomon Northup
An extraordinary example of a Northern free black born and raised in New York between 1830-1850 was?
They assisted secretly in the South
How did Africans participate in Abolitionism movement in the early 19th century?
Douglass believed that blacks would eventually blend into American society
How did Douglass differ from his colleagues who favored black nationalism?
It became a war to free the slaves and the North gained the moral advantage
How did Lincoln change the nature of the war with the Emancipation Proclamation?
It eliminated the property requirement for whites, but continued to have it for black men.
How did New York deal with voting requirements for blacks?
with either opposite or very reluctant support. They were dismayed by his racism and apparent support for enslavement where it already existed
How did black people react to Lincoln as a president candidate?
Many believed that the slaves would automatically support their masters.
How did many Southerners think their slaves would react to the Civil War?
Kansas became "Bleeding Kansas" where both pro enslavement and anti enslavement forces engaged in acts of violence and terrorism
How did popular sovereignty work in Kansas?
They passed personal liberty laws, making it illegal for law enforcement officials to capture runaways.
How did some Northern communities react to slave laws prior to 1850?
Some were tremendously hurt and surprised when their slaves chose to run away or leave after freedom
How did some former masters react to the emancipation of their slaves?
They generally refused to recognize them as prisoners of war, and instead attempted to treat them like escaped slaves
How did southerners react to black troops fighting for the Union?
The law required lawmakers as well as ordinary citizens to help capture suspected runaways, the law would punish by fines or imprisonment ordinary citizens who failed to help capture runaway, and Federal commissioners received more money for sending someone back into enslavement than for finding them free
How did the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 strengthen previous laws?
They granted equal pay toward the end of the war and allowed free blacks to receive back pay for service only before January 1, 1864
How did the United States government resolve the issue of unequal pay for blacks?
More became single-parent households, with women heading them
How did the free black family in the North change in the time period between 1820 and 1860?
Scientists argued that racial differences were permanent, and indicated people's status in the world
How did whites justify racism in the 1830s and 1840s?
He suggested that perhaps some blacks who were educated or veterans should be able to vote
How was Lincoln changing his opinion of blacks shortly before he was assassinated?
The 54th was composed mainly of free blacks, rather than slaves
How was the 54th Massachusetts different from the South Carolina regiments?
A sophisticated caste system developed in the Deep South, with free blacks often more closely identifying with the white masters than slaves
How were Deep South free blacks' lives different from other free blacks' lives?
The government refused to enlist them.
How were blacks volunteers greeted by the United States government in 1861?
Quaker
What Protestant denomination was credited in the beginning of the antislavery movement in the North?
They were horrified, as they personally witnessed scenes of people being recaptured.
What affect did the new Fugitive Slave Law have on many whites in the North?
the use of violence by slaves to secure their freedom from white masters
What did David Walker's Appeal...to the Colored Citizens of the World advocate?
Montgomery wanted to wipe out all evidence of slavery, especially the plantation houses
What did James Montgomery see as his goal with the Second South Carolina Volunteers?
to invade the south and end enslavement
What did John Brown want to accomplish with his army during 1859?
They both led successful revolts aboard ships to gain their freedom
What did Joseph Cinque and Madison Washington have in common?
Lincoln wanted to compensate enslavers for their enslaved people and them send them out of the US
What did Lincoln initially think was the appropriate long term solution to enslavement?
they were both led by enslavers
What did the Democratic Party and Whig Party have in common
It allowed the North to seize only those slaves who were used to benefit the Confederacy
What did the First Confiscation Act of 1861 do?
They said they would accept no pay unless it was equal to white men's pay
What did the men of the 54th Massachusetts do to protest race discrimination?
African Americans and Blacks could not bring a lawsuit to court
What did the supreme court decide on Dred Scott Case?
Abolitionists were prepared to use violence, and break the laws to help slaves.
What does the story of Shadrach tell us about the fugitive slave act?
The Emancipation Proclamation, and the impossibility of gaining British aid or recognition. Effective Union military efforts, especially the naval blockade. Terrible losses of manpower at several battles.
What events prompted Confederate leaders to entertain the possibility of having black men help them militarily?
They escaped with the help of abolitionist in Boston to England
What eventually happened to the Crafts?
segregation
What form of discrimination did all free blacks in urban areas face in the North?
Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, Delaware
What four slave-holding states remained loyal to the Union?
Working-class Irishmen, angry over suspected black attempts to take jobs, engaged in violence and destruction for four days, lynching blacks and burning black-affiliated businesses
What happened during the New York City Draft Riot of 1863?
Blacks had a tradition of continuously serving in the Navy in substantial numbers
What is true about black service in the Navy as opposed to black service in the Army?
The North had more than double the South's population
What is true about the North's population advantage?
It freed no one during that year at all
What is true about the preliminary emancipation proclamation issued on Sept 22nd 1862?
More women than men were free
What is true of the free black population in America from 1820-1860?
Blacks would be enlisted, would receive the same pay as whites, but would be freed if their owners and the state consented
What policy regarding the service of blacks for the Confederacy was eventually agreed upon in March of 1865?
White southerners thought that free blacks were an extremely dangerous element, and responsible for inciting slaves to rebellion
What role did white southerners think that free blacks played in slave revolts?
Margaret Garner
What slave's story was was the basis for the Toni Morrison novel Beloved?
They emphasized slavery and the contradictions between it and American stated values
What themes did many black authors during the period emphasize?
As soon as 20 or more African children joined a school district, parents demanded a separate school. Northwest excluded black children from public schools tax revenues would not support separate facilities
What type of problems did free Africans face trying to obtain an education for their children?
They banned all blacks from the state in their constitutions.
What types of laws did Indiana, Michigan, Iowa and Wisconsin pass regarding black citizens in their states?
mutual aid organizations, especially those that helped the poor and disadvantaged
What types of organizations did black women seem attracted to in the antebellum period?
shoemakers or barbers
What types of skilled jobs were black men able to find?
He declared that all free blacks would be enslaved, and he ordered the Confederate Army to capture and enslave all free blacks in the North.
What was Jefferson Davis's response to Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation?
to preserve the Union , without regard to ending enslavement
What was Lincoln's initial aim of the civil war when it began in 1861?
The state legislature passed laws forbidding slaves to read, banning their assembly, and jailing black sailors while their ships were docked
What was a result of Vesey's Conspiracy?
They actually allowed blacks a far larger role in their organizations
What was different about some of the women's antislavery societies?
It was the largest man made explosion up to that point, and an unsuccessful effort by the Union to win a battle over the Confederates
What was the "Crater" in Petersburg, Virginia?
The Wilmot Proviso was a measure to prohibit slavery in any land acquired from Mexico because Wilmot wanted neither slavery nor black people to taint territory that should be reserved exclusively for whites
What was the Wilmot Proviso? What were Wilmot's motivation for proposing it?
reuniting with lost family members
What was the first concern of many African Americans once they achieved freedom?
whether a slave taken into free territory was free
What was the main issue in the Dred Scott Case?
church
What was the most important black institution in the antislavery movement?
It was a secret network that helped slaves escape from the border to Canada. Ultimate Destination was Canada West
What was the significance of the underground railroad?
Whites refused to allow blacks to have equal status in the organizations, despite their language of equality and justice
What were some of the problems the antislavery movement encountered in its interracial efforts?
Blacks lived in segregated communities in northern cities
What were some of the results of racial segregation?
The immediate end to enslavement with no compensation for enslavers
What were the goals of the American Antislavery Society?
to gradually free slaves, through purchasing them and sending them to Africa
What were the goals of the American Colonization Society?
The black soldiers fought impressively, and many in the North began to believe that blacks were capable of fighting bravely, but the confederacy won the battle
What were the results of Battery Wagner in July of 1863?
It gave the Confederacy until Jan 1, 1863 to come back into the Union. If the Confederacy returned by Jan 1, they could keep their slaves.
What were the terms of the Emancipation Proclamation?
Liberia, Haiti
Where did Congress attempt to send African Americans during 1863 and 1864?
Philadelphia
Where were the worst and most frequent anti-Black riots?
He was a racist, and although he opposed enslavement for economic reasons, he was not for the social equality of blacks and whites
Which of the following best characterizes Lincoln's ideas about race and enslavement during the 1858 elections?
Like urban whites, they also engaged in acts of enormous brutality, including rape and murder.
Which of the following is true about Union treatment of Southern blacks during the war?
Robert E. Lee
Who commanded the army of Northern Virginia and the main confederate army?
Charles T. Torrey and Thomas Smallwood
Who were the main leaders of the underground railroad in the early 1840s?
They seemed to value him more for being a fugitive slave than for his oratory and intelligence
Why did Frederick Douglass become disillusioned with the AASS?
Members of his cabinet told him to wait for a Union victory, when the decision would not look desperate
Why did Lincoln decide to postpone his July 1862 decision to emancipate the slaves?
they felt that it would hurt them economically
Why did most northern whites oppose the expansion of enslavement into territories?
they felt that they were Americans and entitled to all the rights of white people
Why did some Africans begin to oppose colonization?
They were inspired by various slave rebellions and mutinies on ships
Why did some black abolitionists become increasingly militant during the 1840s?
They wanted to bring Christianity to that continent
Why did some blacks endorse returning to Africa?
It was a secret organization with no centralized command, and the efforts were separated from each other by region
Why do we know very little about the underground railroad?
White immigration increased, and employers preferred to hire whites
Why was it difficult for blacks to find jobs in the North after 1820?
Any black northerner, under the terms of this law, could be kidnapped and forced into slavery in the South
Why was the Fugitive Slave Law of 1793 considered a danger to free blacks?
White Southerners were frustrated by their loss during the Civil War, and resented blacks acquiring freedom and status
Why was there so much violence in the South after Reconstruction?
