Africa Imperialism short essay
Increased European involvement in Africa
-European penetration into Africa becomes more pronouced by explores, Missionaries and journalist who captured Africa in writing and photograph. -Dr. David Livingtone-Missionaries Anti-slavery activist, explorer, scientist; goes to Africa as a missionary in 1841 and loved it; loses contact with outside world while traveling to find the source of the Nile. Henry Morgan Stanley finds him. -Herny Morgan Stanley-English born journalist and explorer hired to find a missionary name Dr. Livingstone. Famous Quote: "Dr. Livingstone, I presume." He also mapped the Nile Delta and made treaties on behalf of Belgium's King Leopold.
African Resistance
1. Disengagement which meant Avoid paying Taxes and not to work. There was widespread Protests, riots, and rebellions because of the oppressive conditions. Also there was violence which was more common in the plantation style colonies there was more uprisings like the Mau Mau.
Africa before 1800 and after 1800
Africans were very self sufficient and Europe wasn't able to take over because of rivers, malaria, and Africa's self-sufficient trade system. Africa after 1800 Britain developed quinine so that they didn't get malaria. They also had machine guns which out dated the african spears. Lastly, they had steam power which allowed land and water routes into Africa.
Causes of the New Imperialism
Causes Need for natural resources Desire for new markets Bankers sought to invest their profits. Colonies offered an outlet for Europe's population. Ships needed bases for coal and other supplies. Leaders claimed colonies were needed for national security. Belief that empires increased prestige Desire to spread Western civilization Western sense of racial superiority Decline of older civilizations Superior weapons and transportation New medicines
Causes of British Imperialism in Africa
Causes of British Imperialism in AfricaSearch for new economic markets, Need for raw materials, thePopulation growth in Europe Competition of European nations to acquire land and Religious missions. Positive effects of Imperialism in Africa were new goods and resources so African products became available to international markets. Transportation/roads and Improved sanitation. Hospitals,Schools,factories creating more jobs. People were more healthy so Life expectancy increased. More schools so Literacy rate rose and finally there was Some political stability. The negative effects werelost land and Independence to European control. Many people died from war and resistance fighting. The europeans brought dieases. The land was use forcash crops which caused food shortages. it ruined local cultures and customs were lost. They were heavy taxation. The men forced to leave villages because no jobs.
Overview of Scramble for Africa
Germany's annexation in Africa started a wild "scramble for africa" By 1890 almost all of Africa was claimed. The European Takeover of Africa was fueled by the desire for industrial markets, Natural resources of Africa, the competion between european countries to be powerful and by explores and missionaries who came home with stories about Africa.
Causes and Effects of the scramble for Africa
The Causes of the scramble for Africa were: -Explorers and missionaries increase contact so Africa became an exciting place that people wanted to go to.King Leopold arranges trade treaties in Africa. European claims by Britain, France and Germany who all wanted land for power and Berlin Conference which formally carved up Africa and gave countries control. Effect: -Europeans establish new borders in Africa. -European states exploit Africans. -European powers scramble for colonies. -Africans resist. -Western-educated African elite emerges. -African leaders forge nationalist movements.
Reasons for imperialism
The reasons for European imperialism were economic, cultural, religious and political. Econimically they needed resources and nw markets for their surplus products. Bankers sought to invest their profits.They wanted more land for their growing population. Culturally europeans wanted to civilize the uneducated and thought it was their responsibility. They believed in Social Darwinism idea of white people being superior to "lesser cultures". Religiously they wanted to bring Christianity to they world with missionaries. Finally , potically they wanted to expand their land because land meant power. They had Nationalistic pride that they wanted to spread across the world. Many countries just acquired Land and colonies so they had something to trade with another country.
What did the White elite of South Africa do to hold on to control? APARTHEID
Use APARTHEID to preserve political power and economic privileges they enforced a policy of racial apartheid "separateness" that segregated (divided) the land. Result was: decades of oppression racial tensions economic exploitation
King Leopold II
he was the king of Belgium, he is remembered for the founding and brutal exploitation of the congo free state rubber industry, also for being the founder and sole owner of the Congo Free State (a private project undertaken on his own behalf) 1879; Sent Stanley to explore the Congo, ignited a 'scramble for Africa,' when claimed Congo in central Africa. He killed workers to get rubber (killed 10 million through laboring them to export rubber; 4 million more than Hitler)
