Age of Exploration
Who was Sir Francis Drake?
A famous English sailor and slave trader. He was NOT an explorer. He was a "privateer". He took things from the Spanish ships and destroyed things in the new world that were Spanish-owned, but the Spanish did not realize he was doing it for the English Queen.
Nationalism
A group that shares feelings of significance and independence for its culture that holds them together.
What was "Triangle Trade"?
A network of trading slaves and goods between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies and the colonies in North America.
What was a "caravel"?
A new, fast Portuguese ship that helped in exploration. It gave Portugal a big advantage over other countries when exploring.
What are two different navigational tools used by the Europeans at this time?
1-- Compass 2--Astrolabe
What was the motivation of people to explore the world during the 1400s and 1500s?
1--God 2--Glory 3--Gold
What are the general years of the Age of Exploration and Isolation?
1400-1800
What was a "privateer"?
A "legal", but secret, pirate. They took goods and gold from Spanish ships and gave it to England (and the queen), but it was all in secret.
What was the Dutch East India Company?
A Dutch company that was richer and more powerful than England's trading company. The Dutch East India Company eventually became stronger and got England out of the Asian regions.
What was an astrolabe?
A device used for figuring out problems and questions related to time, the sun/moon, and the stars in the sky.
Where was Hernan Cortez from and why was he famous?
From Spain. Best known for conquering the Aztec Empire (in Mexico).
What did the influx of disease do?
It created a decline in the population in the New World (America).
What did this influx of food do?
It increased the population and created growth, especially in Europe, because people became stronger and healthier.
What is the approximate number of people who were taken by the slave trade during the Age of Exploration?
About ten million people.
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
An agreement signed by both Spain and Portugal. They agreed on where the "line" was drawn in the Atlantic ocean that divided lands between Spain and Portugal.
Who was Bartolomeu Dias?
An early Portuguese explorer who was famous for wanting to spread Christianity.
What were Peninsulares and what is different about their children born in the New World?
Born in Spain and most influential. When they had a child born in the new world, thought, their child is considered Creole (one step lower than Peninsulares), although both parents are Peninsulares.
Who basically started the Age of Exploration?
Christopher Columbus
What is two of the most important foods that came from the Americas to Europe during the exchange?
Corn and potatoes because the Europeans only ate wheat at this time. It lacked rich nutrition. Corn and potatoes offered far more vitamins and minerals.
What was the "Northwest Passage"? (Also called the NW Passage)
Europeans were looking for a path to travel easily west from Europe, through the Atlantic ocean, over to the Pacific Ocean. This did not exist, because North America (Canada and what is now the US) was way too big and blocked their way.
Who played a big part of starting the Spanish Armada?
Sir Francis Drake stole so much that it contributed to starting the Spanish Armada. Spain eventually figures out that England has been paying privateers to attack and steal their gold and silver, so they attack England.
What illnesses came from Europe to the Americas during the Columbian Exchange?
Small pox, whooping cough, malaria, measels.
Who were the least powerful in the Spanish social classes in the New World?
The Native Americans and the African Slaves had the least money and the least social power in the Spanish social classes in the New World.
How was Sir Francis Drake able to steal so much from Spanish ships?
The Spanish were sending boats with lots of gold and silver to the new world, so Drake was able to steal a lot from Spain by sneaking up on these ships. Gold was very heavy, so he buried a lot of the gold and silver in treasure chests on islands.
What new technology became available during the "Age of Exploration"?
The compass and the astrolabe, which helped sailors understand where they needed to go so they didn't get lost on the ocean so frequently.
What were Mulatto people in the New World?
These people were mixed descent of both Spanish and of African at this time.
Why were explorers looking for God/Religion?
They wanted a better life and they wanted to spread Christianity.
Why were explorers looking for glory?
They wanted to make themselves powerful and famous. They had a lot of national pride (proud of their country) and wanted to make it stronger and more powerful.
Why did people at this time need to eat a lot of nutritious food?
They worked very hard and physically every day, so they needed a lot of nutrition and calories.
What does "circumnavigation" mean?
To circle the globe (earth). To go all the way around in a very large circle.
What was the Columbian Exchange?
When Europe began to colonize the Americas, plants, animals and even disease was transferred back and forth between Europe and the Americas.
What was the order of the social classes in the New World of people from Spanish descent during this time (from top to the bottom)?
top: Peninsulares Creoles Mestizos Mulattoes Native Americans and African slaves (bottom)
In what year does Columbus sail?
1492
Zheng He (China)
China's Great Armada, commander of many treasure fleets commerce and exploration across Asia and greatly expanded China's trade. He also established trade relationships with Southeast Asia, India, Arabia, several epic voyages as far west as Africa.
What were Creole people in the New World?
Creole people were born in America, and were the descendents of Spanish settlers.
What was the "old world"?
Europe
Who was Prince Henry and why was he important?
He was Portugal's biggest supporter of exploring the globe at this time. His father was Portugal's king. He also wanted to share the Christian faith.
Where was Jacques Cartier from and why is he famous?
He was born in France. He explored the Atlantic coasts of North America and Canada. He is famous for finding Canada. He wanted to find the "Northwest Passage" but this was not a real path because Canada was in the way. There was NO Northwest Passage because North America blocks the path.
Where was Sir Francis Drake from?
He was from England.
Who was Vasco Da Gama and where was he from?
He was from Portugal. He was an explorer who lived in the late 1400s and early 1500s.
What is "mercantilism"?
How much gold and/or silver a country has
Who were the Mayan people?
Native people of Mexico (found by Cortes)
Who were the Incas?
Native people of Peru and South America (the explorer Pizarro found them)
What was the "new world"?
The colonies in the Americas. All the new land in the west.
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The trading of goods from Americas to Europe and from Europe to America?
What were Mestizo people?
These people were both Native and Spanish in descent in the New World. The father was Peninsulares, and the mother was Native American.
What was the Spanish Armada?
This is when Spain got tired of all of England stealing from them and sent a huge collection of Spanish warships to crush the British and take over England. This was around 1588.
Patriotism
This is when there is a lot of pride in a country and its accomplishments. It means people think their country is the "best".
What was this kind of exchanging of goods called?
"Cultural Diffusion" was the sharing of resources and goods between different countries and ethnic groups.
What did Sir Francis Drake discover?
He sailed around the bottom of South America, so he found a new way into the Pacific. It is called the Drake Passage.
What country was Christopher Columbus from?
He was from Spain, but Italy hired him to explore for them.
What was Sir Francis Drake famous for?
He was the first Englishman who sailed around the world and defeated the Spanish Armada.
What made Vasco Da Gama famous?
He was the first explorer to sail from Europe to India around Africa.
Why were explorers looking for gold or wealth?
Gold/wealth to search for fortune. They could also increase their opportunities for trade.
Which country was the leader in creating and using new sailing ideas and innovations (products) during the Age of Exploration?
Portugal
Where was Ferdinand Magellan from and what made him famous?
Spain. He was the first explorer to circle the globe (circumnavigate).
