AH110 CH1 terms

trans-

Across, through transhepatic- Pertaining to across or through the liver

re-

BACK, BACKWARD, AGAIN resection- removal, excision This is an operation in which tissue is "cut back" or removed. The Latin resecto means a trimming or pruning

-emia

BLOOD CONDITION leukemia- blood condition of white cells, malignant (cancerous) condition. Literally, this term means "a blood condition of white blood cells." Actually, it is a condition of blood in which cancerous white blood cells proliferate (increase in number).

retro-

Behind retrocardiac- Pertaining to behind the heart

sub-

Below, under subhepatic- Pertaining to below the liver

hemat/o

Blood hematology- the study of blood

hem/o

Blood hematoma- colletion (mass) of blood In this term, -oma means a mass or collection of blood, rather than a growth of cells (tumor). A hematoma forms when blood escapes from blood vessels and collects as a clot in a cavity or organ or under the skin hemoglobin- blood protein found in red blood cells The suffix -globin means protein. Hemoglobin carries oxygen in red blood cells from the lungs and carbon dioxcide away from cells to the lungs

oste/o

Bone osteitis- inflammation of the bone osteoarthritis- Inflammation of the bone and joints actually degeneration of joint tissue This condition of aging is actually a degeneration of bones and joints often accompanied by inflammation

encephal/o

Brain electroencephalogram- record of the electricity of the brain Abbreviated EEG

carcin/o

Cancerous, Cancer carcinoma- a cancerous tumor Carcinomas grow from the epithelial (surface or Skin)

cyt/o

Cell cytology- study of cells red blood cells- erythrocytes white blood cells- leukoryts clotting cells- thrombocytes or platelets

-cyte

Cell erythrocyte- red blood cell

cerebr/o

Cerebrum (largest part of the brain) cerebral- pertaining to the brain the suffix -al means pertaining to.

ped/o

Child pediatric- Pertaining to treatment of children Notice that ped/o is also in the term othorpedist. orthopedist once were doctors who straightened (orth/o, means straight) children's bones and corrected deformities. nowadays, orthopedists specialize in disorders of bones and muscles in people of all ages.

thromb/o

Clot, clotting thrombocyte- a clotting cell Also known as platelets, these cells help clot blood. A thrombus is the actual clot that forms, and thrombosis (-osis means condition) is the condition of clot formation

-pathy

DISEASE CONDITION enteropathy- disease of the intestines adenopathy- disease of the glands

path/o

Disease pathology- Study of disease pathologist- One who studies diseases, performs autopsies, and examines biopsy samples. A pathologist examines biopsy samples microscopically and examines dead bodies to determine the cause of death

electr/o

Electricity electrocardiogram- record of the electricity in the heart The suffix -gram means record. Abrreviated ECG (or sometimes EKG)

hyper-

Excessive, above, more than normal hyperthyroidism- Condition of too much secretion of hormones (thyroxine) from the thyroid gland hyperoglycemia- Condition of low blood sugar In this term, hypo- means deficient

sarc/o

Flesh sarcoma- Tumor of the flesh tissue (cancerous tumors of the connective tissue) This is a cancerous (malignant) tumor. A sarcoma grows cells of "fleshy" connective tissue such as muscle, bone, and fat, whereas a carcinoma (another type of cancerous tumor) grows from epithelial cells that line the outside of the body or the inside of organs in the body.

cephal/o

Head cephalic- pertaining to the head the suffix -ic means pertaining to . a cephalic presentation describes a "head first" position for the delivery of an infant.

cardi/o

Heart cardiology- the study of the heart

-scope

INSTRUMENT TO VISUALLY EXAMINE endoscope- Instrument to visually examine withing the body Endo- means within. A cytoscope is a type of endoscope endoscopy- is performed with an endoscope

-itis

Inflamation cystist- Inflammation of the urinary bladder

enter/o

Intestine (usually small intestine) enteritis- inflammation of the intestines The small intestines is narrower but much longer than the large intestine (colon)

nephr/o

Kidney nephritis- Inflammation of the kidney nephrology- Study of the kidney

ren/o

Kidney renal- Pertaining to the kidney Ren/o (latin) and nephr/o (greek) both mean kidney. Ren/o is used with -al (latin) to describe the kidney, whereas nephr/o is used with other suffixes such as -osis, -itis, and -ectomy (greek) to describe abnormal conditions and operative procedures.

bi/o

Life biology-The study of life the suffix -logy is composed of the root log (study) and the final suffix -y (process or condition) biopsy- Removal of living tissue and examination under a microscope The suffix -opsy means process of viewing. Living tissue is removed from the body and Viewed under a microscope

hepat/o

Liver hepatitis- inflammation of the liver

psych/o

Mind pyschology- Study of the mind pyschiatrist- Specialist in the treatment of the mind

neur/o

Nerve neurology- Study of the nerves

rhin/o

Nose rhinitis- Inflammation of the nose

-algia

PAIN arthralgia- Pain of a joint neuralgia- nerve pain

-ion

PROCESS excision- process of cutting out; removal

-ac

Pertaining to cardiac- pertaining to the heart

-al

Pertaining to neural- Pertaining to the nerves

-opsy

Process of viewing biopsy- Process of viewing life; removal of living tissue for microscopic examination Biopsy specimens are obtained and viewed under a microscope.

-gram

Record electroencephalogram- Record of the electricity of the brain

erythr/o

Red erythrocyte- a red blood cell The suffix -cyte means cell. Erythrocytes carry oxygen in the blood

dermat/o

Skin hypodermic- pertaining to under the skin The prefix hypo- means under or below

gastr/o

Stomach gastrectomy- removal of the stomach The suffix -ectomy means excision or removal. All or, more commonly, part of the stomach is removed gastrotomy- incision of the stomach The suffix -tomy is another complex suffix, which contains the root tom, meaning to cut, and the final suffix -y, meaning process of.

crin/o

To secrete (to form and give off) endocrine glands- glands that secrete hormones within the body the prefix endo- means within; endorine glands (e.g. thyroid, pituitary and adrenal glands) secrete hormones directly within (into) the bloodstream. Other glands, called exocrine glands release their sevretions (e.g. saliva, sweat, tears) through tubes (ducts) to the outside of the body

onc/o

Tumor oncology- study of tumors oncologist- Specialist in the study of tumors the suffix -ist means one who specializes in a field of medicine (or other profession)

ur/o

Urine, Urinary Tract urology- Study of the urinary tract A urologist is a surgeon who operates on the organs of the urinary tract and the organs of the male reproductive systems

leuk/o

White leukocyte- white blood cell This blood cell helps the body fight disease.

radi/o

X-RAYS Radiology- Study of X-Rays Low energy x-rays are used for diagnostic imaging

-osis

abnormal condition (slight increase in numbers when used with blood cells) nephrosis- abnormal condition of the kidney leukocytosis- abnormal condition (slight increase) of normal white blood cells. This condition, a slight increase in normal white bblood cells, occurs as white blood cells multiply to fight an infection. Dont confuse leukocytosis with leukemia, which is a cancerous (malignant) condition marked by high levels of abnormal, immature white blood cells.

epi-

above, upon epigastric- pertaining to above the stomach epidermis- Outer layer of skin; above the dermis layer This outermost layer of skin lies above the middle layer of skin, known as the dermis.

pro-

before, forward prostate gland- Exocrine gland in front of (before) the urinary bladder in males. This exocrine gland "stands" (state) before or in front of the urinary bladder. It produces semen, which contains fluid and sperm cells

dia-

complete, through diagnosis- State of complete knowledge; information gathered about a patient's illness. The plural of diagnosis is diagnoses

-ectomy

excision or removal nephrectomy- removal (resection) of a kidney

ophthalm/o

eye ophthalmoscope- Instrument for visual examination of the eye The suffix -scope means an instrument for visual examination. (To help with spelling, notice that just as there are two eyes, there are two "h"s in this term)

aden/o

gland adenoma- tumor of a gland the suffix -oma means tumor or mass adenitis- inflammation of a gland the suffix -itis means inflammatory

in-

into, in incision-Process of cutting into; to section

arthr/o

joint

gnos/o

knowledge diagnosis- state of complete knowledge; info gathered about a patients illness The prefix- dia means complete. The suffix -sis means state or condition of. A diagnosis is made after sufficient information has been obtained about the patient's condition. Literally, it is a "state of complete knowledge"

a-, an-

no, not, without anemia- a decrease in erythrocytes or hemoglobin. Anemia is a decreased number of erythrocytes or an abnormality of the hemoglobin (a chemical) within the red blood cells. This results in decreased delivery of oxygen to cells of the body. Anemic patients look so pale that early physicians thought they were literally "without blood"

ex-, exo-

out, outside of, outward excision- Process of cutting out; to resection exocrine glands- Glands that secrete chemicals to the outside of the body

-ic, -ical

pertaining to gastric- pertaining to the stomach neurologic- pertaining to the study of nerves. Log/o means study of

-genic

pertaining to producing, produced by, or produced in carcinogenic- Pertaining to producing cancer. Cigarette smoke is carcinogenic pathogenic- Pertaining to producing disease. A virus or a bacterium is a pathogenic organism. iatrogenic- Pertaining to produced by treatment (physician). In this term, -genic means produced by

-tomy

process of cutting, incision osteotomy- incision of the bone

-logy

process of study endocrinology- Study of the endocrine glands

-y

process, condition gastroenterology- process of study of the stomach and intestines

-globin

protein hemoglobin- Literally, blood (hem/o) protein (-globin). Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells. It helps erythrocytes carry oxygen.

aut-, auto-

self, own autopsy- "Self view" - examination of a dead body, inderstand its function. This term literally means "process of viewing by oneself." Hence, an autopsy is the examination of a dead body with one's own eyes to determine the cause of death and nature of disease.

derm/o

skin dermatitis- inflammation of the skin

-ist

specialist ophthalmologist- Specialist in the study of diagnosing and treating disorders of the eye

-sis

state of; condition prognosis- State of before knowledge; prediction about the outcome of treatment

log/o

study of dermatology- Study of the skin

glyc/o

sugar hyperglycemia- condition of increased blood sugar The prefix hyper- means excessive, above, or more than normal. the suffix -emia means blood condition

peri-

surrounding, around pericardium- Structure (membrane) surrounding the heart The suffix -um means a structure. the pericardium is the membrane that surrounds the heart.

cis/o

to cut incision- process of cutting into. scissors cut the prefix -in means into, and the suffix -ion means process

sect/o

to cut resection- Process of cutting out; removal The prefix re- means back. A resection is a cutting back in the sense of cutting out or removal (excision). A gastric resection is a gastrectomy, or excision of the stomach

iatr/o

treatment, physician iatrogenic- Pertaining to being producing, produced by, or produced in. iarogeni conditions are adverse effects that results from treatment or intervention by a physician

-oma

tumor, mass, swelling hepatoma- tumor (malignant) of the liver A hepatoma (hepatocellular carcinoma) is a malignant tumor of the liver

cyst/o

urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid cystoscopy- process of visual examination of the urinary bladder The suffix -scopy is a complex suffix that includes the root scop, meaning visual examination, and the final suffix -y, meaning process.

-endo

within endocrinologist- One who specializes in endocrine glands

gynec.o

woman, female gynecology- study of females and female disease