Air Methods Part 135 Study Guide

When shall sterile cockpit be in effect?

"Critical phase" of flight defined as ground operations including taxi, takeoff, landing, and all other flight operations below 10,000 feet, except cruise flight. (GOM 2.59)

Regulatory speaking, the pilot must ensure that all terrain and obstacles along the route of flight, except takeoff and landing, are cleared vertically by no less than _________________ during the day and ________________ at night?

(1) 300 feet for day operations. (2) 500 feet for night operations. (FAR 135.615 (b))

How is the certificate holder required to identify risks associated with HAAO?

(a) Each certificate holder conducting helicopter air ambulance operations must establish, and document in its operations manual, an FAA-approved preflight risk analysis that includes at least the following— (1) Flight considerations, to include obstacles and terrain along the planned route of flight, landing zone conditions, and fuel requirements; (2) Human factors, such as crew fatigue, life events, and other stressors; (3) Weather, including departure, en route, destination, and forecasted; (4) A procedure for determining whether another helicopter air ambulance operator has refused or rejected a flight request; and (5) Strategies and procedures for mitigating identified risks, including procedures for obtaining and documenting approval of the certificate holder's management personnel to release a flight when a risk exceeds a level predetermined by the certificate holder. (b) Each certificate holder must develop a preflight risk analysis worksheet to include, at a minimum, the items in paragraph (a) of this section. (FAR 135.617)

If you are intercepted by military aircraft, what frequency and transponder code should be used for the remainder of the flight?

- 7700 (AIM 5-6-1)

What 16 documents must be onboard?

- Air Methods' General Operations Manual (Including Operations Specifications) - Aircraft Maintenance Log - Airworthiness Certificate (displayed at the cabin door or cockpit entrance so that it is legible to passengers and crew) - Aircraft Registration - Aircraft Status Report retrievable from 411 - Airplane or Rotorcraft Flight Manual - Appropriate and current aeronautical charts for VFR or IFR operations - One passenger briefing card per seat at a location convenient for the use of each passenger. The passenger briefing cards shall be appropriate for the aircraft configuration. - Cockpit Checklist (meeting the requirements of 135.83) - Daily Flight Log - Deferred Discrepancy Report - FCC radio station license (when required) -IIMC Procedure, as applicable - Minimum Equipment List (If applicable) - Pilots Maintenance and Servicing Procedures - Weight and balance information - Hazardous Materials Manual (GOM 2-17)

What items must pilots announce on 123.025?

- Approach - At five miles from landing - At one mile from landing - Upon landing - Departure - Upon liftoff - At one mile from departure - At five miles from departure (GOM 3.11)

What are the minimum ceiling and visibility requirements for SVFR IAW the AMC GOM?

- DAY: 700 foot ceiling and 2 miles visibility. - NIGHT: 800 foot ceiling and 3 miles visibility. (GOM 3.13)

What flight training is required IOT qualify a Crew Member in NVG?

- He or she has completed Initial, Recurrent, Re-qualification, and/or Transition training in accordance with the approved Air Methods NVG Training Program. - The pilot meets the currency requirements of FAR 61.57(f). (GOM 3.2.4)

When requesting assistance from ATC during IIMC, what are the two types of request that should be made and in what order?

- Radar vectors to VMC conditions. - Vectors to the closest approach. Asked in order of preference. (GOM 2.37)

What is the period that a Class 1 medical is good for? Class 2?

-12 Calendar Months. (FAR 61.23)

What is the expected visual acuity with NVGs? What is your unaided night vision acuity?

-20/25 - 20/40 with goggles -20/200 unaided

If the pitot tube becomes clogged, which instrument becomes unreliable?

-A blocked pitot tube affects the accuracy of the Airspeed Indicator Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 8, pg 8-10

What are the main hazards associated with flying in White-out conditions?

-A complete loss of visual clues. -Increased probability of illusions. (FAA Handout)

Why and how might you legally deviate from an accepted ATC clearance?

-Amended clearance is obtained -An emergency exist -The deviation is in response to a traffic alert (FAR 91.123)

Who may conduct NVG flight training for crew members?

-An NVG qualified and current pilot-in-command (GOM 3.3.4)

While at a hospital, you write up an aircraft discrepancy that is eligible for referral IAW the Air Methods MEL for your aircraft. What procedure should you use to sign off the discrepancy in the aircraft logbook?

-Appropriate entries shall be made in the aircraft logbook and the Deferred Discrepancy Log. The aircraft must be appropriately placarded. (GOM 5.6.1)

What are the steps used to maintain aircraft control during IIMC recovery?

-Attitude (Level) -Heading (Turn only to avoid known obstacles) -Power (Adjust to climb power) -Airspeed (Adjust to climb airspeed) (GOM 2.37)

Between weather checks you notice that the wind has shifted from 230-350, temperature and dew point have dropped and the pressure has begun to rise. What has happened?

-Cold Front Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 12

What type of weather can you expect from moist, unstable air and very warm surface temperatures?

-Cumulus clouds, showers, and turbulence. Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 12

What are the stages and life cycle of a thunderstorm?

-Cumulus stage -Mature stage -Dissipating stage Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 12, pg 12-22

If you refuse to take a drug or alcohol test, what regulatory and administrative actions can be taken against you?

-Denial of an application for any certificate or rating issued under this part for a period of up to 1 year after the date of that refusal; or -Suspension or revocation of any certificate or rating issued under this part (FAR 63.12.A)

Refusal to submit to a drug or alcohol test is grounds for what type of action?

-Denial of an application for any certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this part for a period of up to 1 year after the date of that refusal; or -Suspension or revocation of any certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this part. (FAR 61.16)

When encountering deteriorating weather enroute while VFR, what options are available in accordance with the Air Methods GOM?

-Divert to an alternate airport/heliport or other suitable area where the patient(s) can be transferred -Return to the departure point, if practical. -Land and notify dispatch or hospital personnel of the situation -Execute the IIMC procedure in Section 2 of this manual if the preceding options are not available. (GOM 2-16)

How low may you operate when conducting HNVGO?

-During enroute phase- Greater than 500 feet AGL. -Only takeoffs, landings, are authorized below 300 feet AGL. (GOM 3.2.2)

Emergency drill training is a requirement of the FARs. Name at least 3 of the items required to be trained.

-Emergency Assignments -Operation of Emergency Equipment -Handling of Emergency Situations -Ect (FAR 135.331)

If you lose your airmen certificate or medical certificate, how may you replace said document and how long is that good for?

-FAA by letter or online with a fee. -Valid for 60 days. (FAR 61.29)

What are the main hazards associated with flying in Flat Light conditions?

-Flat light can completely obscure features of the terrain, creating an inability to distinguish distances and closure rates. -Can give pilots the illusion of ascending or descending when actually flying level. (FAA Handout)

What factors are included in the definition of an Air Ambulance Operation?

-Flight, or sequence of flights -Patient or medical personnel on board -For the purpose of medical transportation -By a part 135 certificate holder authorized by the Administrator to conduct helicopter air ambulance operations. (FAR 135.601(b)1)

What monocular cues do we use to estimate distance and depth?

-Geometric Perspective *Linear Perspective *Apparent Foreshortening *Vertical Position in the Field -Retinal Image Size *Known Size of Objects *Increasing/Decreasing Size *Terrestrial Association *Overlapping Contours -Ariel Perspective *Fading of Colors *Loss of Texture *Position of Ground Lights -Motion Parallax

While inflight you encounter a potentially hazardous meteorological condition or irregularity with a ground facility that you consider essential to the safety of flight. What is your responsibility with respect to the issue?

-Knowledge of which the pilot considers essential to the safety of other flights, the pilot shall notify an appropriate ground radio station as soon as practicable. (FAR 135.67)

What type of cloud formation would indicate the possibility of mountain wave clear air turbulence (CAT)? Are these clouds always present when CAT is present?

-Lenticularus—lens-shaped, formed over mountains in strong winds. Lenticular clouds are not always present in CAT. Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 12, pg 12-17

What are the steps involved in the IIMC recovery procedure?

-Maintain Aircraft Control. -Climb to the minimum safe altitude (MSA) to clear all obstacles in the area. - De-goggle when safely able (if appropriate). - Make all turns no greater than standard rate. - Contact appropriate Approach Control/Center and Declare an Emergency. Squawk 7700 when able. Report location, altitude, heading, fuel status, and number of persons on board. State that you are inadvertent IMC and request assistance. (GOM 2.37)

Prior to the first leg of each HAAO, what are the PIC preflight requirements with respect to the Air Methods approved Pre-Flight Risk Analysis?

-Must complete PFRA and have it approved by OCC IOT comply with Part 135.617. (Prior to the first leg of each helicopter air ambulance operation, the pilot in command must conduct a preflight risk analysis and complete the preflight risk analysis worksheet in accordance with the certificate holder's FAA-approved procedures. The pilot in command must sign the preflight risk analysis worksheet and specify the date and time it was completed.) (FAR 135.617)

In order to qualify for use in a local flying area, what requirements must a pilot meet?

-Must pass a knowledge test on a particular local flying area within the previous 12 calendar months. -Pilots may be qualified for more than one local flying area. (OPSPEC A021 (Section D))

Your medical crew has not received training or checking within the previous 24 months. What are your obligations as a PIC prior to checking HAAO?

-Must perform preflight safety briefings. -Only medical personnel who have successfully completed this training and checking within the past 24 calendar months are exempt from preflight safety briefings. (OPSPEC A021 (Section E))

Are Controlled Firing Areas charted? Who is responsible for the actions inside of a CFA when an aircraft approaches?

-No - Activities are suspended immediately when spotter aircraft, radar, or ground lookout positions indicate an aircraft might be approaching the area. (AIM 3-4-7)

You are requested to conduct HAAO and you aircraft is not equipped with the appropriate Flight Data Monitoring System. Are you legal to conduct the operation?

-No -The certificateholder is prohibited from operating a helicopter in HAA operations after April 24, 2017 unless thehelicopter is equipped with an approved HTAWS, rotorcraft flight manuals are amended, andpersonnel are compliant with all aspects of §135.605. (OPSPEC A021 (Section G))

You are operating a helicopter conducting HAA operations and the MK XXI EGPWS is inoperative. Are you authorized to conduct HAA operations under these conditions?

-No -no person may operate a helicopter in helicopter air ambulance operations unless that helicopter is equipped with a helicopter terrain awareness and warning system (HTAWS) (FAR 135.605)

Other than required for medical concern of the patient, is Air Methods allowed to carry any Narcotic drug, depressant drug, or stimulant drug on board any aircraft it operates?

-No, it's a violation of FAR Part 91.19(a) (FAR 135.41)

What are the qualification requirements for a PIC performing HAAO in VFR conditions IAW FAR 135.603?

-PIC must meet the requirements of §135.243 and holds a helicopter instrument rating. (FAR 135.603)

To act as a PIC or in any other capacity as a required flight crew member of a civil aircraft what must the pilot have in his/her possession?

-Pilot Certificate -Medical -Official Photo ID (FAR 61.3)

When an aircraft controller issues traffic information in relation to the "12 hr clock", what reference are they using? Magnetic or ground track?

-Referencing azimuth based of Radar Contact. -Direction is based off ground track. (AIM 4-1-14)

What common NVG malfunctions would render them unsuitable for operations? (Operational Defects)

-Shading -Edge Glow -Flashing -Flickering -Intermittent Operation (GOM 11.10)

To maintain a safe environment in an LZ the aircraft state may be in one of the following:

-Shut down if no crowd control is present. -Reduced to ground idle and controls locked. -Reduced to idle with pilot in cockpit. (GOM 3.7)

When shall the W&B information be entered on the DFL/Load manifest?

-Takeoff and max weights will be entered for all flights, except maintenance, training, ferry and re position flights. -To facilitate situational awareness the pilot may record time, weight and balance data either immediately on the DFL itself, or on another location (e.g. Trip Sheet from Section 4), then transfer it to the DFL at a safer time but no later than the completion of the last leg of the current flight. (GOM 2-13)

Air Methods pilots will use one or more of the approved weather sources for IFR/VFR flight planning. Name them:

-Telvent DTN (Schneider Electric) -WSI -DTC DUAT -CSC DUATS -Foreflight -Any Internet package/provider that uses the sources listed in A010 for weather information may be used at the pilot's discretion. (GOM 2.62)

What is an acceptable technique for executing an approach to a potential white-out condition?

-Use slow approach with higher hover height (above white-out conditions) to determine if full white-out is expected. -Always maintain visual contact with reference points.

What hazardous condition might you expect if virga was reported in the vicinity of your flight route?

-Virga can sometimes be associated with a Mircroburst. Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 12, pg 12-11

While on final to the runway, you notice a large transport category airplane beginning its takeoff from the same runway. What are your concerns and how should you react?

-Wake Turbulence -To avoid the airplanes Wake turbulence, plan approach to terminate prior to the airplanes rotation point. Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 14, pg 14-26

You receive a flight that requires you to fly greater than 100 NM from your base site. What information must you obtain prior to accepting this flight?

-Weather -Reports -Forecasts -Fuel requirements -Alternatives -Runways and Lengths (FAR 91.103)

During hot refueling, a pilot trained in this procedure may go how far from the aircraft for the purpose of retrieving the fuel nozzle?

-Without Medical Personnel the pilot may go beyond the rotor arc of the aircraft to retrieve the fuel nozzle, bonding cables or secure the previously mentioned items. -30 ft beyond the rotor arc with medical personnel (GOM 2.25.3- 2.25.4)

Are PIC responsibilities pertaining to aircraft worthiness required to be covered in the Operations Manual?

-Yes -Procedures for ensuring that the pilot in command knows that required airworthiness inspections have been made and that the aircraft has been approved for return to service in compliance with applicable maintenance requirements (FAR 135.23 (e))

What is meant by the term "White-Out?"

-when a person becomes engulfed in a uniformly white glow. (FAA Handout)

Your DME shows one mile. Where are you in relation to the DME station? What is your altitude?

1 NM slant range from the DME station. (Instrument Flying Handbook 9-19)

Outside of regulatory requirements, Air Methods pilots are required to maintain a minimum cruise altitude of __________________ when able.

1000 ft AGL. (GOM 3.9/FAR 135.203)

How often must NVGs be inspected?

180 Days

What is the maximum rate of descent below 300' AGL during an approach (other that a normal approach) to clear an area?

200 FPM (GOM 3.6)

How long does it take to re-dark adapt after using NVGs?

3-5 Minutes

How long do you have to notify the FAA of a permanent change of address?

30 Days (FAR 61.60)

What is your average total dark adaptation time?

30-45 mins

When making a departure from anywhere other than an airport, a turn on course will not be made until the aircraft has climbed at least ______________?

300 feet AGL for day operations and 500 feet AGL for night operations unless rising terrain, obstacles, or local procedures dictate. (GOM 3.12)

What is the field of view expected with NVGs?

40 degrees

Maximum Part 135 flight hours per FAR

500 Hrs per quarter 800 hrs in 2 consecutive quarters 1200 hrs per calendar year

Local news interrupts broadcasting with severe weather moving through the area. How is that information transmitted in flight?

A Convective SIGMET (WST) inflight weather advisory. Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 13, pg 13-12

How often is a Convective SIGMET updated?

A Convective SIGMET is valid for 2 hours and they are issued hourly at Hour+55. Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 13, pg 13-12

What is meant by the term HNVGO?

A helicopter night vision goggle operation consists of a before takeoff check, takeoff, climb out, cruise, descent, approach phase of flight, and landing. Hovering tasks, area departure and area arrival tasks (initial reconnaissance), transitioning from aided flight (aided flight means that the pilot uses night vision goggles to maintain visual surface reference) to unaided night flight (unaided night flight means that the pilot does not use night vision goggles) and back to aided night flight. (GOM 3.3.5)

Must you utilize an aircraft landing light, search light or night sun for takeoffs and landings under HNVGOs?

A landing light, searchlight, and/or night sun will be used for all take-off and landing's unless environmental conditions preclude use of the lights, i.e. blowing snow. (GOM 3.2.1)

If you wanted to see the most recent list of management personnel responsible for operations under part 135, where do you look?

A006 Management Personnel

What authorizes us to use a standard passenger weight for patients unable to be weighed or give their weights?

A097 in the OpSpec Come from AC 120-27

A NASA ASRP form does not protect you in the case of what type(s) of offense(s)?

Accidents or criminal offenses (FAR 91.25)

What are a few self-imposed stressors that might affect your ability to safely conduct operations, including night and NVG operations?

Acronym - DEATH -Drugs -Exaustion -Alcohol -Tobacco -Hypoglycemia

What common NVG malfunction might be acceptable depending on the severity of the problem? (Cosmetic Blemishes)

Acronym- BOB CFII+V -Bright Spots/Emission Points -Output Brightness Variation -Black Spots -Chicken Wire -Fixed Pattern Noise -Image distortion -Image disparity -Veiling Glare (GOM 11.10)

Name the Night visual illusions.

Acronym- FFF CRASH CARS -Flicker Vertigo -False Horizon -Fixation -Confusion with Ground Lights -Reversible Perspective -Autokinesis -Size/Distance -Height/Depth Perception -Crater Illusion -Altered Planes of Reference -Relative Motion -Structural

What values are used to determine the current empty weight and balance at 36 month intervals?

Actual Weighing (FAR 135.185)

Are LAHSO operations approved?

Air Methods' helicopters are not authorized to conduct Land and Hold Short Operations. (GOM 3-5)

What causes wind?

Air flows from areas of high pressure into areas of low pressure because air always seeks out lower pressure. Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 12, pg 12-7

You are provided an aircraft with a given tail number. Before performing a preflight on the aircraft, where would you look to verify that you are LEGAL to operated this aircraft in commercial operations under Part 135?

Aircraft Authorization Listing (OpSpec A003)

What is the alcohol testing requirement for maintenance personnel?

All employees who perform safety sensitive duties are required to the Alcohol/Drug testing program. Air Methods Anti Drug Training Manual Pg 8.0

How long is an Area Forecast valid?

Area forecasts are issued three times a day and are valid for 18 hours. Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 13, pg 13-10

While on approach or departure, obstructions should be cleared by a minimum of_________________?

As a minimum, obstructions shall be cleared by 30 feet during approach and departure. When on the ground there will be a minimum of 15 feet clearance from obstructions. (GOM 3.6)

When is a wing walker required?

At locations that require close quarters maneuvering around other aircraft or hangar facilities. (GOM 6.1)

Is it acceptable to accept a flight under NVGs that you would not accept for unaided flight with the given weather?

At no time will a pilot accept a flight, under NVGs, that they would not accept for unaided flight, given weather considerations. (GOM 3.2.1)

By regulation, what credential must an FAA inspector present to the PIC IOT gain access to the pilot compartment of the aircraft?

Aviation Safety Inspector credential, FAA Form 110A (FAR 135.75)

As an air methods pilot executing a full ILS with no degraded equipment or NOTAMS, an approach speed of 90 KIAS, what is the lowest possible landing minima?

Category A DH and one half the published Cat A visibility/RVR minimum

Who at Air Methods is designated to recieve Safety Altert for Operators (SAFO) and Information for operators (INFO).

Chris Meinhardt (A007 Other Designated Persons)

What is the difference between class A and Class B NVGs?

Class A- will show visible light and infrared light Class B- Shows only infrared light. Used for glass cockpits to reduce goggle washout.

What is the minimum airmen certificate requirement to fly VFR under Part 135?

Commercial Pilot Certificate (VFR Over-the-Top requires Instrument) (FAR 135. 243)

What are some conditions of Hypoxia?

Common symptoms include: -Cyanosis (blue fingernails and lips), -Headache -Decreased response to stimuli and increased reaction time -Impaired judgment -Euphoria -Visual impairment -Drowsiness -Lightheaded or dizzy sensation -Tingling in fingers and toes, Numbness. Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 17, pg 17-4

What type of airspace is needed to be granted SVFR clearance?

Controlled Airspace (GOM 3.13)

How do you determine if you are legal to operate a specific tail number aircraft in a commercial capacity IAW FAR 135?

D085 Aircraft Listing in the Op Spec

What are the VFR weather minimums when operating in Class G (uncontrolled) airspace for mountainous flights outside the local area during the day? Night?

Day- 1000 / 3mi Night- 1500 / 5mi

What are the VFR weather minimums when operating in Class G (uncontrolled) airspace for non-mountainous flights in the local area during the day? Night?

Day- 800 / 2mi Night- 1000 / 3mi

What are the VFR weather minimums when operating in Class G (uncontrolled) airspace for non-mountainous flights outside the local area during the day? Night?

Day- 800 / 3mi Night- 1000 / 5mi

What are the VFR weather minimums when operating in Class G (uncontrolled) airspace for mountainous flights in the local area during the day? Night?

Day- 800 / 3mi Night- 1500 / 3mi

Who is responsible to notify the CDHO of accidents, incidents, or others significant events?

Director of Operations (GOM 1.3.1)

If a pilot declares and emergency, who shall he report to?

Director of Operations and/or Chief Pilot who will forward it to the FAA no later than ten (10) business days after the day of the deviation. (GOM 2-19)

Does the above restriction apply to first responders and how do you know if your base meets "First Responders" criteria?

Does not apply to first responder bases. List of first responder bases in H114.

What are your LZ lighting requirements for takeoff and landing in unimproved, off airport/heliport operations?

During night operations, lighting sources must provide adequate illumination of the takeoff/ landing area and of any obstructions that may create potential hazards during approach, hovering, taxiing, and departure operations. (OPSPEC A021 (Section B))

Who must participate in shift change briefings?

Duty medical personnel/crewmembers and any others that might be appropriate. (GOM 2.57)

What is meant by the term "Flatlight?"

Flat light is an optical illusion, also known as "sector or partial white out." It is not as severe as "white out" but the condition causes pilots to lose their depth-of-field and contrast in vision. (FAA Handout)

Where are the documents for International Operations found?

FlightDeck (GOM 2.38)

What current materials are Air Methods required to provide to you as the pilot?

For single engine VFR operations: -A cockpit checklist. -Pertinent aeronautical charts (FAR 135.83)

What are the two greatest hazards associated with thunderstorms?

Hail competes with turbulence as the greatest thunderstorm hazards to aircraft. Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 12, pg 12-16/ pg 12-25

What topic is covered be section A021 in the Operations Specifications?

Helicopter Air Ambulance (HAA) Operations

When are ATIS broadcast updated?

Hourly at H+55

If a required check ride is given the month before or the month after the check ride is due, how does that change when the next check ride is given?

I doesn't. If a crewmember who is required to take a test or a flight check under this part, completes the test or flight check in the calendar month before or after the calendar month in which it is required, that crewmember is considered to have completed the test or check in the calendar month in which it is required. (FAR 135.301)

If a flight is going to take a pilot beyond 14 hrs duty time, how far can a pilot go?

IAW 135.267(d). See (GOM 2.24.1)

When an unsafe condition occurs at a destination, and there is no acceptable alternative but to continue to that destination, is that considered a normal operation or an emergency situation?

If the conditions that are a hazard to safe operations may reasonably be expected to be corrected by the estimated time of arrival, it is considered a normal operation. If there is no safer procedure, the continuation toward that airport is an emergency situation under §135.19. (FAR 135.69)

Is there an exception to the shoulder harness rule requiring a shoulder harness to be worn?

If the crewmember cannot perform the required duties with the shoulder harness fastened. (FAR 135.171)

In an unpressurized aircraft, _____________ percentage of the occupants, other than the pilot, must be supplied oxygen between ____________ and ____________ feet lasting longer than 30 minutes.

In an unpressurized aircraft, ____10____ percentage of the occupants, other than the pilot, must be supplied oxygen between _____10,000____ and ____15,000____ feet lasting longer than 30 minutes. (FAR 135.157)

For the PIC to operate for a certificate holder under IFR, what must he/she pass every 6 months?

Instrument Proficiency check (FAR 135.297)

What is the purpose to a certificate holder to designate local flying areas under FAR 135.609 and OPSPEC A012?

Local flying areas allow qualified pilots to use lower VFR operating minima depicted in §135.609. (OPSPEC A021 (Section D))

Where can I find the description of a specific local flying area?

Local flying areas listed in Table 1 of Operations Specification A021 (OPSPEC A021 (Section D))

While conducting HEMS operation, in order to land at an unimproved LZ at night, what lighting requirements must be met.

Marked by flares, vehicle lights, or by other suitable ground based lights which will provide adequate illumination of the site and provide adequate marking for obstructions which may create a potential hazard during approach, hover, taxi, and departure operations. (H114)

Are there times that trained medical personnel are responsible to ensure passengers receive a safety briefing?

Medical personnel may brief but it is always the responsibility of the PIC to ensure that it happens. (GOM 2.46)

FAR 135.207 is titled "VFR: Helicopter surface reference requirements." What does this regulation relate to?

Must be able to see the ground Day or night

Where would you find information regarding taxiway closures?

NOTAM (D) Information includes such data as taxiway closures, personnel and equipment near or crossing runways, and airport lighting aids that do not affect instrument approach criteria. (AIM 5-1-3)

When conducting preflight NVG checks what guidance must be used?

NVG Preoperational Checklist - Form 5415 (GOM 11.10)

What are the NVG currency requirements for crew members?

NVG flight training is required for a Medical Crewmember who has exceeded a six (6) month HNVGO currency requirement. The training, which consists of three (3) HNVGOs, will be accomplished with an NVG qualified and current pilot-in-command and without a patient. This can be accomplished in an improved or unimproved area. (GOM 3.3.4)

What might cause spatial disorientation while utilizing NVGs?

Night visual Illusions

As a PIC for Air Methods, is your flight time limitation concerned with only time accrued while in the employ of Air Methods?

No "...crewmember's total flight time in all commercial flying" (FAR 135.256)

For single pilot PICs, is an autopilot check required every 6 months?

No The autopilot check need only be demonstrated once every 12 calendar months during the instrument proficiency check (FAR 135.297(g)(3))

You are enroute to your destination and notice that your fuel situation has become critical (inside 20 minute reserve). ATC wants to vector you around the edge of the airspace for traffic separation so you declare "minimum fuel". Does this automatically give you priority?

No The term "minimum fuel" is not an emergency situation,but merely an advisory that indicates an emergency situation is possible should any undue delay occur. (AIM 5-5-15)

If you as a PIC are required to travel to another base for duty as a PIC, may you consider travel time either to or from that base as part of a required rest period?

No Time spent in transportation, not local in character, that a certificate holder requires of a flight crewmember and provides to transport the crewmember to an airport at which he is to serve on a flight as a crewmember, or from an airport at which he was relieved from duty to return to his home station, is not considered part of a rest period. FAR (135.263 (C))

If you are injured and required to take a medication that causes drowsiness, is your medical certificate valid?

No (FAR 61.53)

Is Air Methods authorized to assign any specific non-flying duties to a PIC during any required rest period?

No No certificate holder may assign any flight crewmember to any duty with the certificate holder during any required rest period. FAR (135.263 (B))

May helicopter pilots accept LAHSO clearances?

No (GOM 3.5)

During preflight you notice the airworthiness certificate is faded, torn, and unreadable. What actions must you take? Can you legally operate the aircraft?

No person may operate a civil aircraft unless the airworthiness certificate required by paragraph (a) of this section or a special flight authorization issued under §91.715 is displayed at the cabin or cockpit entrance so that it is legible to passengers or crew. (FAR 91.203)

You check NOTAMs at the beginning of your shift and note that the VOR located on the field at the center of the class B airspace is going to be out of service for the next 5 hours for maintenance. You depart on a flight and note that you hear the ID and the OBS appears to be receiving a signal. Should you use this as a source of navigation?

No. VOR may be unreliable or intermittent.

May you as a PIC delegate operational control responsibility?

No. (A008 Operational Control (b))

Are AMC pilots authorized by the FAA to conduct VFR operations based solely on indications bay the ADDS HEMS tool?

No. Only to support a decision (GOM 2.62)

What weather minimums are required for both local and cross country flights conducted as HNVGO?

Non Mountainous- -Local - 800/3 -Cross Country-1000/3 Mountainous -Local -0 1000/3 -Cross Country- 1000/5 (OpSpec A020)

What are the requirements for operating in close proximity to other aircraft in flight?

Only the pilot and necessary flight crewmembers will be on board the aircraft. All members will be part of an extensive briefing, have a designated frequency, and never be within 5 rotor disks. (GOM 2.43)

Who has the final authority to accept, initiate, conduct, and terminate a flight?

PIC (GOM 1.3.11)

Who can conduct a final walk around of the aircraft? Must it be 360 degrees?

PIC. Yes. (GOM 1.3.11)

What document allows you as the PIC of an Air Methods helicopter to install LOX bottles into the aircraft?

PMSP signed off with applicable training

How does the Chief Pilot maintain a current copy of the manual in all aircraft and on the portal?

Paper copy in each aircraft and an electronic copy at each base. (GOM Section 1)

What are the minimum altitude requirements for Autopilot use in a Rotorcraft?

Part 135.93 Minimum altitudes for use of autopilot does not apply to operations conducted in rotorcraft. (FAR 135.93 (G))

In order to remain recent in NVG flight, how often must you complete HNVGO?

Passenger Carrying Currency- 6 HNVGOs within current month and 2 calendar months PIC Currency- 6 HNVGOs within current month and 4 preceding calendar months

Give 3 examples of personnel whom the provisions of Part 135 are acceptable.

Personnel employed by a commuter or on-demand operations certificate holder to include -Pilots -Maintainers -Crew (FAR 135.1.a (2))

What type of vision do you utilize with NVGs?

Photopic (Day) Vision

Who maintains the responsibility for the cleanliness of the aircraft exterior and cockpit?

Pilot-In-Command (PIC) (GOM 1.3.11)

Who must develop the adverse weather plan?

Program Aviation Manager (GOM 1.3.8)

Who may operate tugs and other equipment to move an aircraft?

Properly trained Air Methods' pilots, mechanics, or medical personnel who are employees of Air Methods. (GOM 6.1)

You receive a call for a flight 1 hour before sunrise. It is mid April and your weather check shows clear skies and light to no wind conditions. The visibility has reduced over the past 2 hours and the temp/dew point spread is nearing the 4 degree mark. What kind of conditions can you expect if you accept the flight?

Radiation Fog Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 12

To prevent runway incursions, what must every pilot do prior to hover/taxi operations?

Review airport diagrams. (GOM 2.53)

What section of the GOM covers general flight operations?

Section 2

In order for you to file an IFR flight plan selecting a given airport as an alternate, what must the minimum ceiling and visibility be at the chosen airport?

See OPSPEC C055

For you performing a commercial flight as an air methods operator, what basic approach facility configurations are required for an airport to qualify as an alternate?

See Table 1 (H105)

What about flying directly over a stadium or sporting event is not listed in 91.145? Would a regular season game be protected as well? Where would you look to find the boundaries of such a protected area?

Stadiums with 30,000 people, operations are prohibited within 3NM and 3000ft AGL. NOTAMS (FAR 91.145) (99.7)

What mission profile is covered by FAR 135.600?

Subpart L - Helicopter Air Ambulance Equipment, Operations, and Training Requirements

If you falsify your Pilot Duty Logs, what action can be taken against you?

Suspension of revocation of certificate (FAR 61.59)

What are the altitude and range boundaries for Terminal and Low VORs?

Terminal- 25 NM between 1,000 and 12,000 AGL Low- 40 NM between 1,000 and 18,000 AGL Range varies below 1,000 AGL. (AIM 1-1-8)

Upon returning from a flight request where you had to defer an aircraft discrepancy, what are your administrative actions if a mechanic is not available?

The Deferred Discrepancy Log shall be faxed to the Maintenance Support Representative within 24 hours of deferral. (GOM 5.6.1)

May you modify the aircraft external lights? (Ex. taping them)

The aircraft external lights will not be modified, i.e. taped, painted, or an IR filter installed over the light. (GOM 3.2.1)

May you turn off aircraft exterior lights during HNVGO operations?

The anticollision light and/or strobe light(s) may be turned off when the PIC determined that, because of operating conditions, it would be in the interest of safety to turn the lights off. (GOM 3.2.1)

Who manages the OCC?

The director of Risk and Compliance (GOM

You have inadvertently found yourself the cause, victim, or performer of a safety sensitive function of an aircraft that has just suffered a mishap. What are your restrictions from consuming alcohol following the mishap?

The employee is prohibited from consuming alcohol with 8 hours following an accident/incident or prior to conducting a post accident alcohol test, whichever comes first. Air Methods Anti Drug Training Manual Pg 9.0

Does Air Methods, as a certificate holder, have any limitations on using an individual who has a prohibited drug in his/her system?

The employer must not permit an employee who is required to hold an airman medical certificate under 14 CFR part 67 to perform a safety-sensitive duty to resume that duty Appendix I Part 121

What must flight crews complete prior to conducting HAAO to be considered crew members?

The flightcrew must satisfactorily complete the certificate holder's approved training program prior to commencing HAA flights. (OPSPEC A021 (Section C))

Your route of flight will take you directly over the parking lot of a local stadium hosting the MLB All Star Game. What type of restrictive airspace will overlay this event? Are you allowed to fly through this on a PR flight? On a patient flight?

There will be a TFR present over the event. Any sporting event with grater than 30,000 people, operations are prohibited within 3NM and 3000ft AGL. Medical Transportation operation may be except when warranted by the FAA administrator. (FAR 91.145) (99.7)

What is the purpose of determining and documenting the highest obstacle and minimum cruising altitude IAW FAR 135.615?

Used to determine the minimum safe cruise altitude. (FAR 135.615)

For carrying passenger for VFR over the top, what must the weather reports/forecast indicate for the point of termination and for how long?

VFR and is forecast to remain so until at least 1 hour after the estimated time of arrival. (FAR 135.211)

What is required by FAR 135.207 in order to operate under VFR day / night.

Visual surface reference or, at night, visual surface light reference, sufficient to safely control the helicopter. (FAR 135.207)

When must cross country weather minimums be utilized?

When flight is located outside the local flying area or pilot is not qualified and current in the local flying area. (FAR 135.609)

OpSpec A050 specifies weather minimums for HNVGO operations. Are they applicable to Air Methods pilots?

Yes

Must your Mode-C be operational to fly above Class C airspace?

Yes (FAR 91.215)

You are responding to a scene call to a mall parking lot near a major freeway. Are you authorized to land at such an LZ and why/why not?

Yes -Off Airport / Off Heliport Takeoff and Landing Operations. The certificate holder is authorized to conduct off airport/off heliport takeoff and landing operations provided the site to be used is adequate for the proposed operation. The certificate holder will consider the size, type of surface, surrounding obstructions, and if applicable, lighting. (OPSPEC A021 (Section B))

As an Air Methods PIC, are you authorized to execute a Back Course approach?

Yes H102 Table 1 Authorized Instrument Approach Procedures

Under "normal flight planning" is there an allowance for exceeding flight time limitations?

Yes A flight crewmember is not considered to be assigned flight time in excess of flight time limitations if the flights to which he is assigned normally terminate within the limitations, but due to circumstances beyond the control of the certificate holder or flight crewmember (such as adverse weather conditions), are not at the time of departure expected to reach their destination within the planned flight time. FAR (135.263 (D))

Is the IIMC Procedure Template required to be posted at the respective base, available to the pilot or both?

Yes (GOM 2.37)

Is there are communication equipment requirement for operations under VFR over routes by pilotage and dead reckoning.

Yes, communication must be able to fulfill the following at any point enroute except in remote locations and areas of mountainous terrain where geographical constraints make such communication impossible. -Communicate with at least one appropriate station from any point on the route -Communicate with appropriate air traffic control facilities from any point within controlled airspace (B, C, D, E) -Receive meteorological information (FAR 135.161)

How does AMC comply with FAR 135.617 with respect to identifying risks associated with HAAO?

iPad PFRA and communications with OCC