all summer

Your diabetic patient asks you why he "passes out" when his blood sugar gets too low. Which of the following responses is most accurate?

"Brain cells need a constant supply of glucose, or sugar, to function. Without sugar the brain cells cannot work to maintain consciousness."

Which of the following statements would be most typical of an undiagnosed diabetic?

"I am so thirsty I have to keep a glass of water by my bed at night."

Your diabetic patient asks you why diabetics need to take insulin. Which of the following answers is most accurate?

"Insulin helps glucose enter the cells of the body so it can be used for energy."

A complete hemoglobin molecule can carry up to A 2 oxygen molecules. B 4 oxygen molecules. C 3 oxygen molecules. D 6 oxygen molecules.

4 oxygen molecules

​Ideally, a minimum of how many people should be used to restrain a​ patient?

5

Your patient is a 56-year-old male who is conscious and exhibits slurred speech, irritability, and cool, clammy skin. Blood glucose is 54 mg/dL. Proper treatment for this patient could include all of the following EXCEPT:

5 to 10 mg of glucagon IM

A patient complains of atraumatic bleeding of the gums. You suspect: A gingivitis. B. a hematologic disorder. C halitosis. D. dentalgia

A hematologic disorder

Your patient is a 32-year-old female who is alert and sitting at her kitchen table complaining of dizziness and near-syncope with exertion. She describes a four-day history of a 104degrees°F fever, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea unrelieved with over-the-counter medications. Physical examination reveals dry skin and mucous membranes, lung sounds clear and equal bilaterally. HR = 131 and regular, BP = 84/60, RR = 20 and regular, SaO2 = 98%, blood glucose = 58 mg/dL. She has a history of colitis, for which she often takes prednisone, but she has been noncompliant with her prednisone therapy for the past five days because she cannot afford to refill her prescription. The treatment for this patient should include:

A one-liter NS bolus, IV, and 25 g dextrose IV

Which of the following patients that have been TASERed do not meet the acceptable criteria to remove the TASER​ darts?

A patient with the TASER dart embedded in the neck

Which of the following patients that have been tasered do not meet the acceptable criteria to remove the Taser​ darts?

A patient with the Taser dart embedded in the neck

Your patient is a 72-year-old male patient who is conscious but slow to respond to questions and commands. He has become increasingly lethargic, unemotional, and easily fatigued over the past two months. He has had a decreased appetite and has gained weight over the same period. The patient further states, "I'm constipated and always cold." Which of the following additional signs or symptoms would be consistent with this patient presentation?

A puffy face, an enlarged tongue, and pale, doughy skin

Which of the following best describes​ four-point restraints?

A separate restraint on each of the four extremities

In which of the following situ ations is hemolytic disease of the newborn most likely to occur? AAn Rh negative mother delivers a second Rh positive newborn B An Rh positive mother delivers a first Rh negative newborn C An Rh negative mother delivers a first Rh positive newborn D An Rh positive mother delivers a second Rh negative newborn

AAn Rh negative mother delivers a second Rh positive newborn

The posterior pituitary produces which two hormones?

ADH and oxytocin

Which following statements about disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is TRUE? A. The bleeding typical of DIC is a result of an increased fibrinogen level. B. DIC most commonly results from hemophilia , hypertension , and severe tissue injury . C. Activated thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin in the circulating blood. D Causes of DIC include reduced fibrinogen levels, consumption of coagulation factors, and thrombocytopenia

Activated thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin in the circulating blood.

A 63-year-old female with a history of hypothyroidism presents in a stuporous state, responsive only to pain. Physical exam reveals thin hair, a puffy face, an enlargedtongue, and cold, doughy skin. Her heart rate is 70 and regular, RR is 10 and regular, BP is 90/62, blood glucose level is 60 mg/dL, and temperature is 86degrees°F via a tympanic thermometer. Your treatment of this patient should NOT include:

Active rewarming

Your patient is a 24-year-old male with a history of type I diabetes. You were called to his place of employment because he was behaving bizarrely. On your arrival he is confused and combative with a blood glucose level of 41 mg/dL. Due to poor vasculature and the patient's combativeness, you have not been able to start an IV. Which of the following is the best course of action?

Administer 1 mg glucagon, IM.

You are assessing an unresponsive patient with a MedicAlert tag that indicates he is a diabetic. The patient's airway is patent, respirations are 20 per minute andadequate, radial pulse is rapid and weak, and the skin is warm and moist. You attempt to get a blood glucose reading, but your blood glucose monitor malfunctions. Which of the following is the best course of action?

Administer 25 g of 50 percent dextrose.

You are caring for a patient with history sickle cell disease. The patient has severe abdominal and back pain. The patient is tachycardic and tachypneic. The blood pressure is What should be one of the paramedic's first interventions? A Give oral analgesics B Put the patient in a supine position C Administer oxygen D Initiate an IV

Administer oxygen

Your patient is undergoing chemotherapy and is complaining of bleeding from the gums and blood in his stool. Which of the following will best address the patient's problem? A Administering vitamin K B Administering erythropoietin c. Stopping the chemotherapy D Administering platelets

Administering platelets

Prehospital management of an unresponsive patient with hypoglycemia should NOT include:

Administration of oral glucose

What ethnicity likely suffer from sickle cell disease? A Mediterranean Italian B Native American C.Asian DAfrican American

African american

Which of the following hormones has the greatest effect on blood pressure homeostasis?

Aldosterone

Which of the following should be present to release the TASERed patient to police without EMS​ transport? Systolic blood pressure above 100 mmHg B. Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 C. Pulse below 110 D. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following best describes a state of​ uneasiness, discomfort,​ apprehension, or​ restlessness?

Anxiety

A patient with hemophilia has suffered a large and deep laceration to the right forearm after cutting it on a mirror, which fell when he was hanging it. The wound is hemorrhaging a steady amount of dark red blood Given the history of hemophilia, your immediate action on reaching the patient's side and putting on gloves would be to: A Request that the ED have Factor VIll standing by on your arrival B Start administer a 1 L NS bolus C Apply direct pressure with a bulky dressing D Apply tourniquet proximal to the wound

Apply direct pressure with a bulky dressing

Which of the following statements about hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HHNK) is true?

Aside from managing the ABCs, prehospital management is primarily aimed at correcting dehydration.

Which of the following is MOST likely to effectively gain the cooperation of a psychologically disturbed patient for physical​ examinations?

Asking the​ patient's permission to examine him

Which of the following is the most reliable way to differentiate between a hyperglycemic emergency and a hypoglycemic emergency?

Assess the blood glucose level.

Patients with lymphoma are most likely to experience abnormal function of A. Erythrocytes B. B cells C. Thrombocytes D. Neutrophils

B cells

Hyperglycemia is most likely a result of damage to the pancreatic

Beta

Your patient is a​ 32-year-old male who has been successfully treated for depression with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. The​ patient's wife is​ concerned, because over the past few days her husband has not slept and has been spending most of his time trading stocks online and making extravagant purchases. He has been talking about taking a trip to Spain to run with the bulls in Pamplona. She states that he is talking incessantly and seems​ "wired." The patient had a similar episode about a month ago that came on suddenly but resolved when the patient​ "crashed" and slept for several days. Which of the following is MOST consistent with this​ situation?

Bipolar disorder

Which of the following helps assess a​ patient's potential for​ violence?

Body language

A patient has a hematocrit of 48 percent and a hemoglobin of 15 g/dl. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. His hemoglobin is high, but his hematocrit is normal. B. Both are within the normal range for an adult male or female. C. Both are within normal range for an adult male. D. His hematocrit and hemoglobin are both low

C. Both are within the normal range for an adult male.

A type II diabetic with a blood glucose of 24 mg/dL would most likely be unconscious due to:

Cerebral hypoglycemia

Fibrinolytics are effective against: A occlusions only in the brain. Bclots containing fibrin. C any clot . D. occlusions only in the heart.

Clots containing fibrin

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a precipitating factor of thyrotoxic crisis?

Cold environment

Which of the following statements about consent is​ accurate?

Competent people may not be transported against their will.

Which of the following best describes a state of disorientation disorganized​ thought?

Confusion

Your patient is a​ 45-year-old male with a history of bipolar disorder. He is sitting at the kitchen​ table, conscious,​ alert, and oriented. He is pleasant and greets you as you walk in. The​ patient's wife called EMS because he has refused to take his lithium and is​ "driving her crazy with his hyperactive​ attitude." She insists that you transport him to the hospital. The patient admits to voluntary noncompliance with his​ lithium, stating,​ "I didn't like the way it made me​ feel." He denies any suicidal thoughts and states that he has not felt​ "this good for a long​ time." He is curious about your job and wants to know how he could get into a paramedic class. He states that​ he's also thinking about going to law school but wants to finish his Ph.D. first. The physical examination is unremarkable. HR​ = 82, BP​ = 122/80, RR​ = 10, SaO2​ = 99%. He​ says, "See, I told you​ I'm fine. I​ don't need to go to the​ hospital." Which of the following is the best course of​ action?

Contact medical control.

Which of the following best describes perceived loss of physical functioning without medical or traumatic​ cause?

Conversion disorder

Which of the following explains the profound protein catabolism and gluconeogenesis associated with Cushing's syndrome?

Cortisol is an antagonist to insulin.

Which of the following pathologies would necessitate the use of increased care in the preparation of an IV site because of skin fragility and increased risk of infection?

Cushing's syndrome

Which of the following statements about leukocytes is FALSE? A Leukocytes follow chemical signals to an infection site. B Leukocytes can travel through blood vessel walls into the surrounding tissues C Leukocytes protect against foreign invaders. D Leukocytes engulf and destroy foreign invaders

D. Leukocytes engulf and destroy foreign invaders via leukopoiesis.

Your patient is a 23-year-old female who is 6 hours postpartum after a traumatic delivery resulting in a massive blood transfusion. She is to be transferred from a community hospital to a specialty hospital for further care. She is unconscious and intubated, with a number of intravenous lines. Your physical examination reveals a purpuric rash over chest and abdomen and mottling of the fingers and toes and all of the venous access sites are oozing blood. In addition, auscultation of the lung fields reveals rales to the and toes and all of the dependent regions. 112, BP 82/60, RR 12 via ventilator. Which of the following best describes the patients condition and treatment needs, in addition to continued ventilation and fluid administration? A DIC; type O negative blood B DIC, fresh frozen plasma and platelet administration C. Idiopathic hemophilia; corticosteriods D. Idiopathic hemophilia; factor VIla administration

DIC, fresh frozen plasma and platelet administration

You respond to an ill patient. Upon your arrival, the patient states that she has had an increase in urination, thirst, and general malaise. The patient's finger stick blood glucose reading is 550 mg/dL; her blood pressure is 110/80 mmHg; pulse, 100; respiratory rate 26; ETCO2 29; and you note an acetone odor. You suspect:

DKA.

of the following, which would be the most likely dysfunction experienced by a patient with multiple myeloma? A Increased T cell production B Decreased T cell production C Increased blood cell production D Decreased blood cell production

Decreased blood cell production

All of the following are components of the inflammatory process EXCEPT A. Vasodilation B Increased blood flow . C Decreased chemotaxis D. Increased capillary permeability

Decreased chemotaxis

Which of the following would directly result in decreased fibrinolysis? A. Increased factor X B Decreased plasminogen secretion C. Increased plasmin secretion SD Hypercalcemia

Decreased plasminogen secretion

Your patient is a 42-year-old male who had surgery four years ago to remove his posterior pituitary gland because of a tumor. He stopped taking replacement hormones because they caused depression. Which of the following is the most likely consequence of the patient's noncompliance with hormone replacement therapy?

Dehydration

Which of the following is not a known risk factor for attempting​ suicide?

Delirium

Which of the following best describes a profound melancholy characterized by a diminished interest in daily​ pleasures, hypersomnia, feelings of​ worthlessness, inability to​ concentrate, and​ agitation?

Depression

Which of the following circumstances would result in activation of the coagulation cascade via the intrinsic pathway? A. Penetrating trauma resulting in soft-tissue damage B. Administration of warfarin C. Blunt-force trauma . D Development of a plaque in a coronary artery resulting in turbulent blood flow

Development of a plaque in a coronary artery resulting in turbulent blood flow

Which of the following medications would be most useful in the event of a transfusion reaction? A. Aspirin B Magnesium sulfate C. Diphenhydramine D. Furosemide

Diphenhydramine

A patient has been stunned with a​ Taser, and as a result you note superficial skin damage from the probe. This type of injury is classified​ as:

Direct

A patient has been stunned with a​ TASER, and as a result you note superficial skin damage from the probe. This type of injury is classified​ as:

Direct injury

You are on the scene of an agitated male patient with a history of alcohol abuse. He is threatening to​ "knock your head​ off" if you get close to him. While you are getting a history from the​ patient's wife, she states​ that, "He had something wrong with his EKG. A long​ QRS, or something like​ that." Which of the following should you avoid in the treatment of this​ patient?

Droperidol

Which of the following is LEAST likely to result in hypoglycemia in a type I diabetic patient?

Eating foods high in sugar

Your patient has a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal medulla. What hormone is most likely to be secreted by this tumor?

Epinephrine

A 34-year-old female, conscious, alert, and oriented, is complaining of a three-week history of increased appetite, weight loss, weakness, insomnia, and inability to tolerate heat. She has recently been frequently agitated and prone to mood swings. Based on these signs and symptoms, which of the following best describes the additional findings you could expect?

Exophthalmos and goiter

Which of the following is the BEST method of communicating with an emotionally disturbed​ patient?

Explain that you are concerned with the​ patient's welfare.

Your patient is a​ 76-year-old male who is alert and oriented. The​ patient's neighbor called EMS because of general concern about the​ patient's health. He states that the patient​ hasn't been himself since his​ wife's death six months ago. He​ hasn't taken care of his usually meticulous lawn and​ house, and he has lost a lot of weight. The patient says he misses his wife but​ doesn't need medical care. Which of the following is the best course of​ action?

Explain to the patient that it is common for people in his situation to feel​ depressed, and you would like to help him by transporting him to the hospital.

When patient receives a laceration, the clotting process that occurs is primarily mediatedby the _____ pathway A Common B Extrinsic C Platelet D Intrinsic

Extrinsic

Which of the following best describes a feeling of alarm at the expectation of​ danger?

Fear

Which of the following is NOT likely to negatively impact the emotional or behavioral status of a patient with a psychiatric​ disorder?

Following the same routine daily

Hemophilia A is an example of a ______ disorder A Genetically acquired B Intrinsically endued C Environmentally acquired D Extrinsically endued

Genetically acquired

Your patient is a 39-year-old male with a history of alcoholism. He is unresponsive, with cool, clammy skin and a weak, rapid pulse of 108. BP = 128/92, RR = 12 and regular. Your partner manages the airway and assists ventilations, but you are unable to start an IV after three attempts. Which of the following is most appropriate at this point?

Glucagon, 1.0 mg, and thiamine, 100 mg, both IM

Which of the following best explains the process of osmotic diuresis associated with hyperglycemia?

Glucose in the urine raises osmotic pressure inside the kidney tubule, drawing water into the tubule.

Secretion of glucagon from the pancreas results in ________, which causes a(n) ________ in blood glucose levels.

Glycogenolysis, increase

You have administered glucagon to a diabetic patient. Which of the following should occur?

Glycogenolysis, resulting in an increased blood glucose level

Which of the following statements about the epidemiology of Graves' disease is TRUE?

Graves' disease is about six times more common in women than in men.

You respond to an ill type 2 diabetic patient. Upon your arrival, the patient complains of not feeling well for a few days, and increasing blood glucose levels. Yoususpect:

HHNK

You respond to an ill type 2 diabetic patient. Upon your arrival, the patient complains of not feeling well for a few days, and increasing blood glucose levels. Yoususpect:

HHNK.

A smoker who also takes supplemental vitamin K would be expected to: A Have a lower risk of developing pulmonary embolism B Be unable to generate active forms of clotting factors II, VIl, IX, and X C have enhanced clotting ability D Have a higher incidence of polycythemia

Have an enhanced clotting ability

Which the following statements regarding hemophilia is most accurate? A Hemophilia is a hereditary disease in which the body is unable to produce vitamin K B Hemophilia is a hereditary lack of certain proteins needed in the clotting cascade . C Hemophilia is a hereditary abnormality of the platelets. D Hemophilia is a hereditary disease that causes fibrin clots to dissolve prematurely.

Hemophilia is a hereditary lack of certain proteins needed in the clotting cascade .

Which of the following should occur with the administration of insulin?

Hepatic glycogen synthesis

Which of the following is NOT a modifiable risk factor for type II diabetes?

Heredity

Your patient is an 18-year-old female suffering from sickle cell crisis. Which of the following is the best course treatment for this patient? A High-concentration oxygen, IV bolus of NS, morphine sulfate B. High - concentration oxygen , IV NS KVO diphenhydramine C High - concentration oxygen IV bolus of NS D High-concentration oxygen, IV NS KVO

High-concentration oxygen, IV bolus of NS, morphine sulfate

A chemical substance that is released into the blood by a gland and that controls or affects processes in other glands or body systems is a(n)

Hormone

Which of the following is NOT a difference between cellular and humoral immunity? A Cellular immunity concerns itself with pathogens in cells and tissue; humoral concerns itself with pathogens in the lymph. B T cells use cytotoxins to destroy pathogens , while B cells use antibodies . C T cells mature in the thymus gland, but B cells mature in lymph tissue. D Humoral immunity uses memory cells, white cell-mediated immunity does not.

Humoral immunity uses memory cells, white cell-mediated immunity does not.

Which of the following is the most direct cause of polyuria in untreated diabetes?

Hyperglycemia

If a patient being treated for hypoparathyroidism stopped taking the medications prescribed for his condition, which of the following would be most likely to occur?

Hypocalcemia

A 16-year-old female with a history of diabetes is found unconscious in a high school bathroom following volleyball practice. She is tachycardic; has cool, clammy skin; is lethargic; is slightly combative; and is very confused. She is most likely experiencing:

Hypoglycemia

Which of the following is NOT an organic cause of a behavioral​ emergency? Dementia Hypoglycemia Tumor Alcoholic encephalopathy

Hypoglycemia

Which of the following most accurately represents the pathophysiological sequence of untreated type I diabetes?

Hyposecretion of insulin results in inability of glucose to enter cells; blood glucose levels rise, and cells convert to the use of fats for energy, resulting in the production of ketone bodies.

Which of the following situations would result in erythropoietin secretion? CVA Hypoxia Hemophilia Alkalemia

Hypoxia

Your patient has history of pernicious anemia. If not treated, your primary concern for this patient should be: A Hypovolemia B. Prolonged blood clotting time С Hypoxia D Infection

Hypoxia

The patient is a type II diabetic who was secreting enough insulin to prevent the use of fats for energy.

IV of NS 1-2 L

Your patient is a​ 28-year-old male with a history of panic attacks. He states that symptoms began about 20 minutes ago and that he has been unable to get them under control. He complains of shortness of​ breath, chest​ pain, dizziness, and a feeling that he is going to die. His skin is warm and moist. HR​ = 132, BP​ = 138/98, RR​ = 26 and shallow. You spend 15 minutes​ on-scene with him attempting to​ "talk him​ down" without success. Which of the following is MOST​ appropriate?

IV, diazepam

Which of the following situations would result right the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve? A Hypothermia B. Hyperventilation C. Sepsis D Increase in 2,3-BPG

Increase in 2,3-BPG

Which of the following would you expect to see immediately after the ingestion of a large meal?

Increase of blood glucose and blood insulin levels

Dehydration is most likely to result in: A. Leukocytosis B. Increased prothrombin time C. Increased number of white blood cells and platelets D Thrombocytopenia

Increased number of white blood cells and platelets

Which of the following situations would NOT result in anemia? A Blood loss B Increased production of erythropoetin C Iron deficiency D Destruction of red blood cells

Increased production of erythropoetin

Your patient is taking an immunosuppressant drug to prevent rejection of a transplanted kidney. As a consequence the patient is more prone to: A. Prolonged blood clotting time B. Polycythemia C Infection D Aplastic anemia

Infection

Which of the following statements about leukemia is TRUE? A The pediatric mortality percent. B Leukemia is disease of children and young adults not older adults C Infections secondary to low levels circulating neutrophils are common D Leukemias are cancers of erythrocytes.

Infections secondary to low levels of circulating neutrophils are common .

A type I diabetic presents with deep, rapid respirations and a fruity odor on her breath. Which of the following would best help correct the underlying physiologicdisturbance?

Insulin

Which of the following is NOT associated with anorexia​ nervosa?

Intentionally inducing vomiting after eating

Your patient is a 42-year-old male who is supine on the floor, responsive only to pain. His wife states that he has been extremely depressed recently and talked about suicide yesterday. The patient's skin is hot and dry, pupils are dilated and reactive to light bilaterally, and there is vomit around his mouth. HR = 138 and regular, BP = 82/52, RR = 16 and shallow. Temperature is 105.5degrees°F. The patient has a history of hypothyroidism, for which he takes Synthroid. Your partner suctions the airway and initiates BVM ventilations with 100 percent oxygen and an oropharyngeal airway. In addition to monitoring the cardiac rhythm and starting an IV of normal saline, youshould:

Intubate the trachea and request orders for propranolol, IV

Your patient is a 68-year-old female who has been in a rehabilitation hospital for one week following hip replacement surgery. According to the staff, the patient is a type II diabetic and is being treated for a postoperative infection. The patient was lethargic yesterday and was found unresponsive this morning, just before your arrival. Physical exam reveals an accumulation of secretions in her airway, lung sounds clear and equal bilaterally, and skin and mucous membranes warm and dry. HR = 119, BP = 86/58, RR = 16, blood glucose = 864 mg/dL. In addition to initiating basic airway management measures and gaining IV access, which of the following is the best treatment for this patient?

Intubate, 1 to 2 L NS bolus

What is the underlying mechanism that causes pain in the patient with sickle cell crisis? A. Hypercapnia B. Hypoglycemia c. Hyperthyroidism D Ischemia

Ischemia

You are caring for a patient that was tasered by the police for being physically aggressive. This type of restraint works by what​ mechanism?

It disrupts voluntary control of skeletal muscles

You are caring for a patient that was TASERed by the police for being physically aggressive. This type of restraint works by what​ mechanism?

It disrupts voluntary control of skeletal muscles.

Which of the following statements regarding polycythemia is most accurate A It decreases the patient 's risk of infection B It increases the patient's risk of stroke and heart attack. C It decreases the ability of blood to clot. D. It increases the patient 's risk of infection

It increases the patient's risk of stroke and heart attack.

Which of the following is TRUE concerning sickle cell anemia? A It is an autoimmune disease in which the body destroys hemoglobin. B It is a hereditary disease involving lack of intrinsic factor C. It is an acquired disease in which the body cannot absorb iron. D it is a hereditary disease involving abnormal hemoglobin.

It is a hereditary involving abnormal hemoglobin.

Your patient is suffering from end-stage liver disease. In which of the following ways would impairment of the hematologic system most likely be evident? A Polycythemia resulting in a florid appearance B Vaso - occlusive crisis resulting in joint pain C Jaundice D Leukocytosis

Jaundice

The organ that is most responsible for producing erythropoietin is the: A bone marrow B spleen c. kidney D liver

Kidney

You encounter a patient complaining of polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, and abdominal pain. Based on these complaints, which of the following would you also expect to find?

Kussmaul's respirations and a fruity breath odor

You are pruning a rosebush and puncture the skin on your thumb with a thorn. The next day you note that the area is swollen. Which of the following best explains swelling that has occurred? A. There is an infection, resulting in edema to the surrounding tissue. B. Localized vasodilation and increased capillary permeability results in plasma leakage into the tissue surrounding the injury site. C Humoral umoral immunity immunity activation activation results results in in localized localizedissue tissue d damage and edema of the tissue surrounding the injury site. D Cell-mediated immunity activation results in chemotaxis and increased capillary permeability

Localized vasodilation and increased capillary permeability results in plasma leakage into the tissue surrounding the injury site.

Your patient is a 45-year-old male who has been suffering from hypocalcemia since surgery to remove his thyroid gland six weeks ago. Of the following, which is most likely the cause of the patient's hypocalcemia?

Loss of parathyroid gland function

Which of the following statements about immunity is TRUE? A Lymphocytes are the primary cells involved in the immune response. B Cell-mediated immunity uses antibody formation to combat pathogens. C Humoral immunity uses cytotoxic chemicals to destroy pathogens. D T cells mature in the bone marrow.

Lymphocytes are the primary cells involved in the immune response.

Your patient is a​ 50-year-old male who has been detained by mall security officers. The patient is​ distraught, stating that he needs to​ "get away from the​ terrorists." The security officers state the patient was found climbing into a trash dumpster behind the mall and became distressed when they took him away from it. Your physical exam is unremarkable except for noting neglect of hygiene and nutrition. His skin is warm and dry. HR​ = 98, BP​ = 114/78, RR​ = 12, SaO2​ = 99%, blood glucose​ = 80​ mg/dL. You offer him transport to the​ ED, which he accepts. Which of the following is most appropriate during transport of this​ patient?

Make the patient comfortable on the​ stretcher, no ALS interventions

Which of the following best describes a​ person's state of cerebral​ functioning?

Mental status

Which of the following is the most frequent cause of deterioration in a patient with a psychiatric​ disorder?

Noncompliance with medications

In an emergency situation if you administer blood to a patient whose blood type is unknown, you should administer ______ type blood A A negative B A positive C B positive D O negative

O negative

A male will express hemophilia if he acquires _______ chromosome(s) A. Defective X and Y B. Two defective X C. One defective X D. One defective Y

One defective X

Your patient is a 72-year-old male who is conscious but lethargic and sitting in a chair. His son states that the patient has been a bit slow lately and has been gaining weight. The medical history includes hypothyroidism and myocardial infarction. The patient has been compliant with his Synthroid and has nitroglycerin for use as needed. The patient responds to verbal stimuli, is confused, has a large tongue, and pale, cold, doughy skin. His only complaint is constipation. HR = 60 and regular, BP = 112/80, RR = 10 and shallow, SaO2 = 92%, temperature = 88degrees°F, blood glucose = 180 mg/dl. Your treatment of this patient should include:

Oxygen, 4 lpm by nasal cannula

A cat scratches a patient on the arm. Twenty-four hours later, the area is swollen and red. What additional signs or symptoms is the patient most likely to exhibit? A. Loss of appetite B. Fever and hypotension C. Pain and warmth at the injury site D Urticaria

Pain and warmth at the injury site

Which of the following statements about patient restraint is​ FALSE?

Patients should be transported in a prone position.

Which of the following is NOT considered an appropriate method of controlling a combative patient in the prehospital​ setting?

Pepper spray

Your patient is in​ four-point restraints and starts to spit at you during transport. You​ should:

Place a surgical mask over the​ patient's mouth and nose

In the of calcium, thrombin will encourage: A Prothrombin activation B Platelet aggregation C Fibrin clot formation D Plasminogen release

Platelet aggregation

Which of the following most accurately describes the rationale for monitoring the cardiac rhythm in the hyperglycemic patient?

Polyuria can lead to electrolyte disturbances, resulting in cardiac dysrhythmias.

Which of the following best describes the position or bearing of the​ body?

Posture

Acute exacerbation of Addison's disease can lead to ECG changes and cardiovascular collapse as a result of electrolyte imbalance secondary to:

Potassium retention and sodium excretion

A 36-year-old female is conscious and alert and complaining of palpitations. She denies chest pain, difficulty breathing, or loss of consciousness but becomes "dizzy" with exertion. She states that she has been experiencing agitation, insomnia, intolerance to heat, and weight loss. Physical exam reveals exophthalmos and an enlarged thyroid gland. HR = 142 and regular, BP = 110/70, RR = 14 and regular. Which of the following would be most effective in treating this patient?

Propranolol

A​ 19-year-old female states that she is addicted to Vicodin because it makes her feel​ good, and she cannot stop taking the pills. She states that she craves them all the​ time, and when she runs out she does not feel sick but becomes preoccupied with how she can get more. Assessment reveals no​ abnormalities, and vital signs are within acceptable limits. This​ patient's condition is most consistent​ with:

Psychological dependence

The more acidic the blood is, the more readily hemoglobin: A Releases carbon dioxide B Releases oxygen C Binds oxygen D Binds carbon dioxide

Releases oxygen

Which of the following is associated with a greater predisposition for hypoglycemia due to decreased gluconeogenesis?

Renal failure

Your patient is a​ 28-year-old male who tells you his hands and arms are turning green. He states that he was held captive by some people for a month and forced to make movies. While the patient is undoubtedly convinced he is turning​ green, you cannot see it. The​ patient's brother tells you that he has not been missing for the past month but that he has stopped taking his medication. Which of the following is MOST consistent with this​ situation?

Schizophrenia

Which of the following situations would result in a more rapid response by the immune system infection? A Second exposure to an antigen with memory B cell activation B First-time exposure to an antigen with memory B cell activation C First-time exposure antigen with memory T cell activation D First-time exposure to an antigen

Second exposure to an antigen with memory B cell activation

Immediately after birth, an infant is allowed to suckle at the mother's breast. Palpation of the uterus suggests that the uterus is contracting. This finding can be attributed to:

Secretion of oxytocin

Your patient is a 26-year-old African-American male who is alert but in severe distress, complaining of pain in his hands and feet, as well as abdominal pain. The pain began this morning but has progressed from an initial rating of 5/10 to a 9/10 at the present time. The patient has history of sickle anemia and denies any trauma. Physical examination reveals cool, diaphoretic skin; pain with palpation to all four abdominal quadrants , splenomegaly , and a priapism . HR - 132 acute diagnosis and treatment for this patient. BP - 140 / 90 RR - 16 . Select the most appropriate acute diagnosis and treatement for this pt. A Sickle cell occlusive crisis; administer oxygen by nonrebreathing mask, isotonic crystalloids, and aspirin B. Sickle cell disease; administer oxygen according pulse oximetry readings, start an IV of normal saline, and administer ketorolac for pain C Sickle cell vaso occlusive crisis; administer high-concentration oxygen, IV therapy with isotonic crystalloids, and narcotics for pain control D. Sickle cell trait; administer oxygen isotonic crystalloid solution according to pulse oximetry readings, and give a 500 mL bolus of isotonic crystalloid solution

Sickle cell vaso occlusive crisis; administer high-concentration oxygen, IV therapy with isotonic crystalloids, and narcotics for pain control

You caring for patient who is complaining of diffuse musculoskeletal pain, shortness of breath, and an atraumatic priapism. You suspect: A sickle cell hematologic crisis. B sickle cell vaso oclusive crisis . C Acute lymphocytic leukemia ( ALL ) . D AAL

Sickle cell vaso oclusive crisis

Which of the following statements sickle cell disease is FALSE? A Patients with chronic sickle cell disease have chronic hemolytic anemia. B Sickle hemoglobin has a flawed chemical structure that results in erythrocyte deformity when oxygen levels are low C Sickled red blood cells have longer life spans than normal cells. D Splenomegaly is a common problem of sickle cell disease.

Sickled red blood cells have longer life spans normal red blood cells.

Your patient is a​ 27-year-old female who is distraught and crying after having her children taken by child protective services. Her sister called EMS because the patient threatened to cut her wrists. On your arrival you find that she has not attempted to harm herself and has no weapons within reach.​ However, she does not wish to speak with you. Which of the following actions is most likely to be effective when communicating with this​ patient?

Sit down so that you are at eye level with the patient.

In a patient with a hematological disease resulting production of high numbers of abnormal red blood cells, which of the following would you be most likely to find? A. Splenomegaly B Hepatomegaly C Florid skin D Fever

Splenomegaly

A 24-year-old male is supine on the floor and unconscious with snoring respirations. You note a weak, rapid pulse and cool, diaphoretic skin. HR = 124 and regular, BP= 136/88, RR = 12 and regular. Blood glucose is 24 mg/dL. After manually opening the airway and providing oxygen, which of the following should be performed next?

Start an IV and administer 25 gm dextrose, IV.

Which of the following best describes the correct positioning of a restrained​ patient?

Supine on the​ cot, ensuring the restraints are not loose but do not restrict circulation or breathing

Your patient is a 22-year-old male complaining of a two-day history of a sore throat. He denies difficulty breathing , nausea , vomiting , or chest pain . He has no medical history and takes no medications . HR - 72 B = 12078 , RR - 12 , Sao - 99 Physical examination reveals cool , dry skin . Which of the following findings would be most likely? A. Swelling of the cervical lymph nodes B. Positive Murphy's sign C. Generalized erythema D. Rhonchi upon auscultation of the lungs

Swelling of the cervical lymph nodes

Humoral and cell-mediated immunity differ in that cell-mediated immunity uses: A B cells , which generate effector cells to combat such invaders as intracellular organisms while cellular immunity uses T cells that reside in lymph tissue and produce antibodies to combat foreign B T cells, which generate effector cells to combat such invaders as intracellular organisms, while humoral immunity uses B cells that reside in lymph tissue and produce antibodies combat foreign invaders C T cells, which reside in lymph produce antibodies to combat foreign invaders, while humoral immunity uses B cells that generate effector cells to combat such invaders as intracellular organisms D B cells, organisms, humoral immunity uses T cells that reside in lymph tissue and produce antibodies to combat foreign invaders

T cells, which generate effector cells to combat such invaders as intracellular organisms, while humoral immunity uses B cells that reside in lymph tissue and produce antibodies to combat foreign invaders

You have been called to a college dormitory where campus police are talking to a​ 20-year-old male who was threatening to jump from his​ eighteenth-floor window. The patient admits that he was upset because he is failing most of his courses and his girlfriend broke up with him but says he was just​ "psyching out" his roommate and had no intention of jumping. Campus police tell you that the patient was sitting on the balcony railing with his feet over the edge when they arrived. The patient was cooperative when they asked him to come back inside the room. Which of the following is the best course of​ action?

Tell the patient you must take his suicide threat seriously and transport him for evaluation.

Which of the following findings would be atypical in a patient with a history of Cushing's syndrome?

Temperature of 101°F

A patient presents with a history of frequent urination, signs and symptoms of dehydration, and a blood glucose of 958 mg/dL. There is no acetone odor on his breath. To which of the following can the absence of an acetone odor most likely be attributed?

The ability to use enough glucose to meet metabolic needs

An example of a direct injury that may be sustained by a behavioral patient who has been TASERed would​ be:

The damage caused by the impact of the electrical probe

An example of a direct injury that may be sustained by a behavioral patient who has been tasered would​ be:

The damage caused by the impact of the electrical probe

Which of the following is NOT a common pathophysiological cause of behavioral​ emergencies?

The environment

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the hypothalamus and the endocrine system

The hypothalamus is the link between the CNS and the endocrine system.

Your patient is a​ 32-year-old female who is depressed and tearful after a fight with her​ ex-husband. Which of the following would NOT increase the risk of or indicate an increased risk of the patient committing​ suicide?

The paramedic is using direct questioning about suicidal intentions.

For a patient with hemophilia B, which of the following statements is TRUE? A The patient's father was a carrier for the defective gene, and her mother did not carry the defective gene. B The patient's father had hemophilia B, and the mother was a carrier of the defective gene. C The patient 's father had hemophilia B , and the mother was unaffected D The patient mother was a carrier for the defective gene , father did not carry the gene

The patient 's mother was carrier for the defective gene , and her father did not carry the gene

An emergency department physician tells you that the hyperglycemic diabetic you brought in earlier has a pH of 7.40. What is the likeliest explanation of thisstatement?

The patient is a type II diabetic who was secreting enough insulin to prevent the use of fats for energy.

You have administered 25 g of 50 percent dextrose to a patient who was initially unresponsive with a blood glucose level of 23 mg/dL. Which of the following is the best indication that the patient's condition is improving?

The patient opens his eyes but is confused.

Your patient is a​ 34-year-old female, eight weeks postpartum. She is alert and oriented but crying and extremely depressed. She states she​ "just can't go on like​ this." Her husband called EMS because she is distraught and cannot care for herself or the baby. Which of the following statements about this situation is​ TRUE?

The patient requires medical treatment.

Your patient has type A+ blood. Which of the following statements about the patient's blood is TRUE? A The blood cells lack Rh antigens. B The patient produces anti-A antibodies. C There are type A antigens on the surface of the red blood cells D The patient can only receive A+ blood if a transfusion is needed.

There are type A antigens on the surface of the red blood cells.

Your patient is a​ 34-year-old male who is threatening to kill himself. Which of the following does NOT indicate an increased risk for​ suicide?

The​ patient's being married

Which of the following is most relevant to your decisions about how to handle a potentially violent​ patient?

The​ patient's current behavior

A three-year-old male patient has a history of an underdeveloped cell-mediated immune system. Which of the following MOST likely contribute to this deficiency?

Thymus gland insufficiency and a lack of thymosin secretion

A finding of exophthalmos and goiter should increase your suspicion for a problem with the:

Thyroid gland

A patient has a fever of 105degrees°F, irritability, delirium, tachycardia, vomiting, and hypotension. These signs and symptoms are most consistent with:

Thyrotoxic crisis

Which of the following is NOT a goal of the inflammatory process? A To activate systemic defenses to overcome invading pathogens and facilitate repairs B To slow the spread pathogens from the injury site C To produce antibodies to combat pathogens D To perform temporary repair at the site of injury and prevent the access of additional pathogens

To produce antibodies to combat pathogens

You are transporting patient to tertiary trauma trauma the local center cannot handle. You notice that the patient has begun to develop tachycardia, hives center. The patient is receiving blood and has sustained and a fever. You suspect: A anaphylaxis B a normal response to a transfusion c transfusion reaction D hypovolemia

Transfusion reaction

Homeostasis is maintained by which three mechanisms? A Vascular spasm , platelet plug , fibrin clots B Von Willebrand's factor, fibrin, platelets c. Factor VIll, factor VIl, factor II Xp. D Fibrin, platelets, hemoglobin

Vascular spasm , platelet plug , fibrin clots

"Rock" and "Crack" are street names for: a Cocaine b. Marijuana c. Heroin d. Morphin

a Cocaine

Your patient is a 48-year-old female who is alert and oriented after a possible seizure. Her friends state they witnessed her slump to the floor and "shake" for about 15 seconds. She awoke in less than 1 minute and was "a bit groggy" for a few minutes. She does not believe she had a seizure but thinks she may have fainted. Which of the following questions is LEAST important when differentiating seizure and syncope? a. "Are you allergic to any medications?" b. "What kind of medications do you take?" d. "What happened just before the event?" d. "Do you have a history of seizures?"

a. "Are you allergic to any medications?"

You have been called for a 46-year-old female complaining of a headache. Which of the following statements made by the patient should you find most concerning? a. "I have never had a headache this bad." b. "The pain gets worse when the lights are on." c. "I have never been nauseated like this with a headache before." d. "I took two Tylenol tablets 2 hours ago, and the pain is still there."

a. "I have never had a headache this bad."

Your patient is a 64-year-old male who is alert and oriented and visibly upset, sitting on a bench in a shopping mall and complaining of weakness. He describes an acute onset of left-sided weakness in his arm and leg that made it difficult for him to walk. Physical examination reveals noticeable left-side weakness, PEARL, skin warm and dry. HR = 104, BP = 132/96, RR= 12, Sa02 = 97%. Which of the following is most appropriate: a. 100 percent oxygen by nonrebreather mask, blood glucose determination, transport without delay b. Reassurance, BLS transport c. Oxygen, 4 liters per minute by nasal cannula, BLS transport d. 100 percent oxygen by nonrebreather mask, transport without delay, IV of normal saline at a keep open rate and 25 gm of dextrose, IV while en route

a. 100 percent oxygen by nonrebreather mask, blood glucose determination, transport without delay

You are examining a newborn and note that the meninges and spinal cord are protruding through an opening over the lower back. This is known as: a. A myelomeningocele b. A meningocele c. Spina bifida occulta d. Poliomyelitis

a. A myelomeningocele

Your patient is experiencing severe abdominal cramping, vomiting, diarrhea, and facial flushing after eating undercooked chicken. Management of this patient should include all of the following EXCEPT: a. Activated charcoal b. IV of normal saline c. Oxygen d. Transport

a. Activated charcoal

Two 15-year-old boys have been hiking and camping and using a guide to native plants to determine which plants are edible. They drank a tea made from some plants that they picked. They are now complaining of abdominal cramping, watering eyes, vomiting, diarrhea, and sweating. Which of the following have the most likely ingested? a. Amanita b. Jimson weed c. Holly berries d. Poison sumac

a. Amanita

Which of the following is a risk factor for stroke? a. Atrial fibrillation b. Premature atrial contractions c. First-degree heart block d. Sinus arrhythmia

a. Atrial fibrillation

Restoril and Ativan are examples of: a. Benzodiazepines b. Barbiturates c. Sedatives d. Narcotics

a. Benzodiazepines

Lithium is used to treat: a. Bipolar disorder b. Schizophrenia c. Depression d. Personality disorders

a. Bipolar disorder

A 32-year-old is conscious and in mild distress, complaining of nausea and sweating. He states that his symptoms started two days ago when he stopped drinking "cold turkey." Physical examination reveals cool, diaphoretic skin; slightly dilated pupils bilaterally; and a general weakness to all extremities. Which of the following findings would also be likely? a. Delirium tremens, hallucinations, and anxiety b. Insomnia, hyperglycemia, and difficulty breathing c. Hypertension, bradycardia, and hyperglycemia d. Depression, hypotension, and polyuria

a. Delirium tremens, hallucinations, and anxiety-

Your patient is an 18-year-old female college student who is supine in bed and responsive only to painful stimuli. Her roommate states that they went to a party last night. She says the patient only drank soda, but now she thinks a guy who had been following them around might have put something in the patient's drink. Physical examination reveals cool, dry skin and pupils sluggish to light bilaterally. HR = 72, BP = 112/64, RR = 10, SaO2 = 98%. Which of the following drugs was most likely slipped into her drink? a. Flunitrazepam b. LSD c. Amphetamines d. Opium

a. Flunitrazepam

Your patient is a 20-year-old female who is conscious and alert, though obviously hallucinating after ingesting LSD. Her friends state that she is having a "bad trip," and you note that she is vigorously scratching her arms to the point of drawing blood. Physical examination reveals warm, slightly diaphoretic skin and dilated pupils bilaterally. Which of teh following medications should be considered to manage this patient? a. Haloperidol b. Thiamine c. Narcan d. Avapro

a. Haloperidol

Your patient is a 72-year-old male with a history of coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation. He complains of a sudden onset of blindness in his right eye. He is noncompliant with both his digitalis and coumadin. He is alert and oriented. HR = 112, irregular; BP = 154/94; RR = 16. Which of the following is LEAST likely? a. Hemorrhagic stroke b. thrombotic stroke c. Embolic stroke d. Retinal artery occlusion

a. Hemorrhagic stroke

Which of the following is LEAST pertinent in the prehospital setting when obtaining the history of a patient with a suspected transient ischemic attack or stroke? a. History of diabetes b. History of cardiovascular disease c. Allergies d. Medications

a. History of diabetes

You are transporting a male patient to the hospital for an evaluation after a possible seizure when you notice the patient's loss of consciousness. His muscles start to contract so that he is arching his back. This best describes the _________ phase of generalized seizure. a. Hyeprtonic b. Postictal c. Clonic d. Tonic

a. Hypertonic

Your patient is a 44-year-old male who has been in jail for three days after being arrested for driving while intoxicated. He now presents with diaphoresis, anxiety, hallucinations, insomnia, and tremors. HR = 142, BP = 132/90, RR = 34, blood glucose = 85 mg/dL. Which of the following is appropriate? a. IV of NS KVO b. Narcan 2 mg IV c. 25 mg D50 IV d. Thiamine 100 mg IV

a. IV of NS KVO

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be detrimental when treating stroke patients? a. IV of lactated Ringer's Solution b. Hyperventilation with 100 percent oxygen c. IV of 5 percent dextrose in water b. Administration of 50 percent dextrose, IV push.

a. IV of lactated Ringer's solution

All of the following are roles of a poison control center EXCEPT: a. Identifying the toxin or poison b. Determining the potential toxicity of the agent c. Providing information on the most current definitive treatment d. Notifying the receiving hospital and recommending treatment

a. Identifying the toxin or poison

All of the following may cause transient ischemic attack EXCEPT: a. Intracranial Hemorrhage c. Cerbrobcasular spasm c. Hypotension d. A small embolus

a. Intracranial Hemorrhage

All of the following are assessed during the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Screen EXCEPT: a. Memory b. Speech c. Facial droop d. Arm drift

a. Memory

Your patient is a 56-year-old female who is sitting on a park bench. She is conscious, though lethargic, and complaining of faintness. She states she has had a "chest cold" for the past week so had decided to stop taking her "blood pressure pills" until she felt better. She states that this morning she ingested five tablets instead of her normal on tablet dose to "catch up" after the days off. You note cool, slightly diaphoretic skin; lungs clear bilaterally; PEARL; and no motor deficits. HR = 48, BP = 76/30, RR = 12, SaO2 = 97%. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be the medication she overdosed on? a. Metaproterenol b. Procardia c. Cardizem d. Verapamil

a. Metaproterenol

Which of the following classes of drugs is commonly abused to produce alertness and euphoria? a. Methamphetamines b. Barbiturates c. Alcohol d. Benzodiazepines

a. Methamphetamines

Narcan acts as an antagonist to all of the following medications EXCEPT: a. Midazolam b. Methadone c. Codeine d. Heroin

a. Midazolam

While you are caring for a patient on the floor of her kitchen, she begins to have a generalized seizure. Which of the following is the most appropriate first action? a. Move objects away from her and wait to see if the seizure stops. b. Insert an oropharyngeal airway. c. Restrain her so she does not injure herself. d. Start an IV, and administer 5 mg of diazepam

a. Move objects away from her and wait to see if the seizure stops.

Your patient is a 52-year-old female who is alert but slightly confused after a syncopal episode lasting about 1 minute. She has no complaints, and your physical exam reveals no abnormalities aside from slight confusion. She has had a stroke and has a history of type II diabetes and hypertension. HR = 100, BP = 132/84, RR = 12, SaO2 =99%. Which of the following is the LEAST likely cause of the patient's episode? a. Orthostatic hypotension b. Hypoglycemia c. Transient cerebral ischemia d. Transient cardiac dysrhythmia

a. Orthostatic hypotension

What is the innermost layer of meninges that directly overlies the central nervous system? a. Pia mater b. Dura mater c. Arachnoid membrane d. Cerebrospinal membrane

a. Pia mater

Which of the following diseases is most likely to cause dementia in the patient? a. Pick's disease b. Multiple sclerosis c. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis d. Spina bifida

a. Pick's disease

Your patient has a history of epilepsy and is experiencing loss of consciousness, tonic-clonic muscle activity, and erratic ocular movement. Based on this, you might also expect to find all of the following EXCEPT: a. Pinpoint Pupils b. Urinary incontinence c. Impaired respiration d. Increased oral secretions

a. Pinpoint Pupils

A 54-year-old female conscious and alert and in significant pain after a rattlesnake bite to her hand. You note two small puncture wounds surrounded by a swollen, red area. She states that she is nauseous and has chills. Your management of this patient should include immobilization of the affected arm and: a. Placing it at the level of the heart b. Placing it below the level of the heart with a constricting band proximal to the wound c. Elevating it above the level of the heart d. Placing it at the level of the heart with ice packs to the affected area

a. Placing it at the level of the heart

Your patient is a 57-year-old male who is alert and oriented and complaining of a slight headache. His coworker states the patient "fainted." The patient describes feeling weak and lightheaded before the incident and "came to" lying on the floor. Medical history includes cardiovascular disease with a history of angina and hypertension. Medications include clopidogrel (Plavix), nitroglycerin, and metoprolol. Which of the following is LEAST helpful when formulating a field impression for this patient? a. Pulse oximetry b. Neurological Exam c. Cardiac monitoring d. Orthostatic vital signs

a. Pulse oximetry

A 38-year-old male is conscious and alert after a black widow spider bite to his right hand. You note pain and swelling the the hand, and the patient states that he is dizzy and nauseous. HR = 117, BP = 128/78, RR = 20. During your physical examination, you note that he begins to experience severe, painful muscle spasms in his right arm. Which of the following is NOT appropriate? a. Sodium bicarbonate b. Calcium gluconate c. Diazepam d. Midazolam

a. Sodium bicarbonate

A series of two or more generalized motor seizures without an intervening period of consciousness is known as: a. Status epilepticus b. Hypertonic seizures c. A complex partial seizure d. A petit mal seizure

a. Status epilepticus

Your patient is a 55-year-old male with a history of seizures who is on the floor and experiencing tonic-clonic motor activity. His jaw is clenched, he has peripheral cyanosis, and there are frothy secretions in his airway. HR = 130, RR = 4 and shallow, SaO2 = 88%. Which of the following is MOST appropriate? a. Suctioning the airway, inserting a nasopharyngeal airway, assisting respirations by bag-valve mask device with 100 percent oxygen b. Immediate nasal intubation and hyperventilation with 100 percent oxygen c. An IV of normal saline at a keep open rate, check blood glucose level, administer 3 mg of lorazepam, IV d. An IV of normal saline at a keep open rate, check blood glucose level, administer 5 mg of diazepam, IV

a. Suctioning the airway, inserting a nasopharyngeal airway, assisting respirations by bag-valve mask device with 100 percent oxygen

Your patient is a 16-year-old female who has taken an overdose of phenobarbital. She is unresponsive. Her skin is cool and pale, BP = 92/60, HR = 60, RR = 6. You have intubated the patient and started an IV. Which of the following is appropriate? a. Transport without additional pharmacological interventions b. Sodium bicarbonate 100 mEq c. Naloxone 2 mg, 25 gm dextrose, transport d. 50 gm activated charcoal through an NG tube en route to the hospital

a. Transport without additional pharmacological interventions

The order Hymenoptera includes: a. Wasps b. Jellyfish c. Spiders d. Scorpions

a. Wasps

The risk of infection from HIV positive patients after exposure to virus-containing blood is approximately ________ percent. a. 0.2 to 0.44 b. 0.5 to 1 c. 2 to 4 d. 5 to 14

a.0.2 to 0.44

Which of the following types of agents acts specifically by inhibiting bacterial growth or reproduction? a. Bacteriostatic b. Antiseptic c. Pathological d. Aseptic

a.Bacteriostatic

The alternate pathway that reacts quickly to foreign bodies and uses antibodies and inflammation to combat pathogens is the ________ system. a. Complement b. Lymphatic c. Humoral d. Cell-mediated

a.Complement

The destructive substances released from some bacteria when they die are known as: a. Endotoxins b. Syncytia c. Prions d. Exotoxins

a.Endotoxins

Which of the following organisms causes mononucleosis? a. Epstein-Barr virus b. Pediculus humanus capitus c. Treponema d. Herpes zoster

a.Epstein-Barr virus

Which of the following statements about measles and the measles virus is FALSE? a. Immunization is ineffective until age 15. b. Measles is highly communicable. c. Measles is transmitted by inhalation of infected droplets. d. Signs of measles infection include high fever and a maculopapular rash.

a.Immunization is ineffective until age 15.

Which of the following cells play a functional role in the inflammatory response? a. Neutrophils b. T lymphocytes c. Stem cells d. B lymphocytes

a.Neutrophils

Which of the following findings would be most specific to mumps? a. Swelling and tenderness of the parotid glands b. Temperature of 103°F or higher c. Redness of the face that gives a "slapped cheeks" appearance d. Fluid-filled vesicles on the trunk

a.Swelling and tenderness of the parotid glands

Which of the following statements about prions is TRUE? a. They are neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes. b. Eastern equine encephalitis is the most common prion disease. c. Prions are easily destroyed by heat sterilization. d. Prions are single-celled animals capable of causing disease.

a.They are neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes.

While working in the emergency department, you accidentally stick yourself with the stylette of an IV needle you just used to start an IV. What should you do immediately? a. Wash the area thoroughly with soap and running water. b. Stop the bleeding with a sterile gauze pad. c. Wipe the area with a povidone-iodine swab. d. Wipe the area with an alcohol prep.

a.Wash the area thoroughly with soap and running water.

Cushing's syndrome is a disorder of the

adrenal glands

Which of the following is described as the visible indication of​ mood?

affect

When dealing with the pediatric patient in a behavioral​ crisis, you​ should:

allow the child to keep a favorite toy or blanket.

In response to an increase in blood sugar, the pancreas will release insulin to

allow the glucose to permeate the cell membrane.

Which of the following best describes an emotional reaction characterized by hostility or​ rage?

anger

When dealing with a geriatric behavior​ crisis, you​ should:

avoid administering any medication.

The father of a 15-year-old male who has had a generalized seizure asks you why his son turned blue during the seizure. Which of the following is the best answer? a. "The heart slows down and the blood pressure drops during a seizure, causing a lack of circulation to the skin." b. "The muscles used in breathing cannot work effectively during the seizure, decreasing the amount of oxygen in the blood." c. "It is a normal part of the seizure process and nothing to worry about." d. "The brain stem stops working during a seizure, which causes breathing to stop, decreasing the amount of oxygen in the blood."

b. "The muscles used in breathing cannot work effectively during the seizure, decreasing the amount of oxygen in the blood."

Your patient is a 27-year-old male who has possibly overdosed on heroin. He is unresponsive and braydpenic. Which of the following is appropriate? a. 25 mg diphenhydramine b. 2 mg of naloxone c. 1 mg of flumazenil d. 100 mg of thiamin

b. 2 mg of naloxone

Which of the following patients is the most likely candidate for fibrinolytic therapy to treat a stroke? a. 55-year-old male who went to bed at 11:00 p.m. and awoke at 7:00 a.m. with right arm weakness and a headache b. 67-year-old female who called EMS as soon as she noticed difficulty speaking but shows no improvement with prehospital treatment c. 42-year-old male with a headache that occurred during exercise, slurred speech, and left arm and leg paralysis d. 51-year-old female with an episode of slurred speech which has corrected itself and who arrived in the ED within an hour of onset.

b. 67-year-old female who called EMS as soon as she noticed difficulty speaking but shows no improvement with prehospital treatment

Which of the following patients is the most likely candidate for fibrinolytic therapy to treat a stroke? a. 55-year-old male who went to bed at 11:00 p.m. and awoke at 7:00 a.m. with right arm weakness and headache b. 67-year-old female who called EMS as soon as she noticed difficulty speaking but shows no improvement with prehospital treatment c. 42-year-old male with a headache that occurred during exercise, slurred speech, and left arm and leg paralysis d. 51-year-old female with an episode of slurred speech which has corrected itself and who arrived in the ED within an hour of onset

b. 67-year-old female who called EMS as soon as she noticed difficulty speaking but shows no improvement with prehospital treatment

An eight-year-old male child is alert and oriented after a brief episode of eyelid fluttering and slight loss of muscle tone, which caused him to slump in his chair. His teacher reports that the child was inattentive for about 15 to 20 seconds during the episode but was fine after. This most indicates a(n) ________ seizure. a. Generalized b. Absence c. Pseudo d. Simple patial

b. Absence

Which of the following correctly pairs a toxin with its antidote? a. Benzodiazepine: naloxone b. Acetaminophen: N-acetylcysteine c. Carbon monoxide: amnyl nitrite d. Aspirin: magnesium sulfate

b. Acetaminophen: N-acetylcysteine

A 19-year-old male has ingested fifty 325 mg aspirin tablets 20 minutes before your arrival. He is alert and complaining of burning abdominal pain. Which for the following is appropriate in the prehospital management of this patient? a. Syrup of ipecac b. Activated charcoal c. sodium bicarbonate d. N-acetylcysteine

b. Activated charcoal

Your patient was in the building when a fire started at a factory that manufactures plastics. He is complaining of a headache, palpitations, and a burning sensation in his throat. His airway, breathing, and circulation are intact. Heart rate = 128, respirations = 22, blood pressure = 148/84, and SaO2 = 93%. You should immediately: a. Administer amyl and sodium nitrate b. Administer high-concentration oxygen c. Apply the cardiac monitor d. Prepare to intubate

b. Administer high-concentration oxygen

All of the following are examples of one of the three "principles of decontamination" that are specific to toxicological emergencies EXCEPT: a. Administration of N-acetylcysteine b. Administration of a NS fluid challenge c. Administration of sorbitol d. Removing a patient from a structure that is filled with carbon monoxide

b. Administration of a NS fluid challenge

Which of the following cause(s) injury by inducing liquefaction necrosis? a. Caustics b. Alkalis c. Emulsifiers d. Acids

b. Alkalis

The most common cause of dementia in the elderly is: a. Cerebrovascular disease b. Alzheimer's disease c. Multi-infarct dementia d. Parkinson's disease

b. Alzheimer's disease

Mushrooms from the class ______ are responsible for over 90 percent of deaths from mushroom toxicity. a. Button b. Amanita c. Shiitake d. Galerina

b. Amanita

Your patient is a 59-year-old male who became ill while shopping for antiques with his wife. Your general impression is that the patient is awake but does not respond to your presence, has peripheral cyanosis, and is making weak, rapid respiratory effort but moving very little air. Which of the following should you do next? a. Check the patient's pulse oximetry reading. b. Begin bag-valve-mask ventilations. c. Apply the monitor/defibrillator pads. d. Check for a radial pulse.

b. Begin bag-valve-mask ventilations.

Which of the following is caused by unilateral paralysis of cranial nerve VII? a. Dystonia b. Bell's palsy c. Autonomic dysreflexia d. Myoclonus

b. Bell's palsy

Which of the following is highly toxic, odorless, tasteless gas that is a byproduct of incomplete combustion? a. Carbon dioxide b. Carbon monoxide c. Cyanide d. Methane

b. Carbon monoxied

Your patient states that he often experiences a painful cramping and"freezing up" of his and and feet while handwriting or walking, respectively. This best describes: a. Torticollis b. Dystonia c. Palsy d. Myoclonus

b. Dystonia

Your patient has taken an excessive amount of Prozac. Which of the following findings would indicate serotonin syndrome? a. Spasm of the neck muscles or vocal cords b. Elevated temperature c. Tics or bizarre behavior d. Diarrhea

b. Elevated temperature

Your patient is a 37-year-old male with a history of seizures who is noncompliant with his medications. Friends at his apartment state that he had a seizure, which they describe as being generalized, lasting 3 to 4 minutes. After the seizure, he gradually became alert and oriented. On your arrival his only complaint is of being tired and wanting to sleep. Physical examination reveals warm, moist skin and an abrasion to his lower lip. HR = 106, BP = 128/88, RR = 20, SaO2 = 98%. The patient does not wish to be transported, though you have clearly explained the risks of refusing transport in light of his noncompliance with his medication. Which of the following is the BEST course of action? a. Call for law-enforcement assistance for an immediate detention order, restrain the patient if necessary, administer oxygen by nonrebreather, start an IV of normal saline at a keep open rate, and administer diazepam if the patient experiences another seizure en route to the emergency department. b. Empathize with the patient's reluctance to be transported, try again to convince him to go, make sure he understands the risks of refusal, enlist his friends to stay and observe him, and have him sign a release. c. Have the friends help you secure the patient to the stretcher, restrain the patient if necessary, start an IV of normal saline at a keep open rate, administer 5 mg diazepam if the patient becomes agitated, and transport. d. Check the patient's blood glucose level to document for your patient care report, have him sign a signature of release, and advise him to call 911 if he changes his mind.

b. Empathize with the patient's reluctance to be transported, try again to convince him to go, make sure he understands the risks of refusal, enlist his friends to stay and observe him, and

Your patient is a 49-year-old male complaining of a headache and weakness of his left arm, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The information that would be most helpful in differentiating a brain abscess from a brain tumor is whether or not the patient: a. Has had a seizure b. Exhibits nuchal rigidity c. Has had a change in the level of responsiveness d. Has a recent history of brain surgery

b. Exhibits nuchal rigidity

LSD, STP, and PCP are examples of: a. Amphetamines b. Hallucinogens c. Sedatives d. Narcotics

b. Hallucinogens

The pathophysiology of toxic inhalation involves: a. Bronchodilation and destruction of cilia b. Irritation, edema, and destruction of alverolar tissue c. Pulmonary hypertension, alveolar atelectasis, and destruction of cilia

b. Irritation, edema, and destruction of alverolar tissue

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a migraine? a. Vomiting b. Low back pain c. Photosensitivity d. Throbbing headache

b. Low back pain

The family members of a 72-year-old female state that the patient complained of a sudden, severe headache; had slurred speech; then became unresponsive. She responds to painful stimuli with decorticate posturing and has snoring respiration at a rate of 10 per minute. Her radial pulse is palpable but grossly irregular. According to her son, she also suffers from congestive heart failure, hypertension, and diabetes. Which of the following should you do first? a. Attach the cardiac monitor b. Manage the airway with a head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver. c. Check her blood sugar d. Insert an endotracheal tube

b. Manage the airway with a head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver.

Which of the following medication combinations is beneficial for a lithium overdose? a. Narcan and sodium bicarbonate b. Mannitol and sodium bicarbonate c. Flumazenil and naloxone d. Haloperidol and furosemide

b. Mannitol and sodium bicarbonate

A 32-year-old female is conscious and alert at a group home for recovering alcoholics and states, "I'm having rum fits." Counselors from the home tell you that she is a chronic alcoholic who entered their program three days ago and has not had a drink since. Physical examination reveals cool, diaphoretic skin; dilated pupils bilaterally that are responsive to light; and obvious anxiety. HR = 122, BP = 156/104, RR = 20, SpO2= 99%, blood glucose = 62 mg/dL. Based on the clinical exam findings, all of the following should be part of your patient management EXCEPT: a. 25 g of D50 IV b. Metoprolol IV c. IV of NS d. Thiamine 100 mg IM

b. Metoprolol IV

Which of the following is a collection of genetic diseases characterized by progressive muscle weakness and skeletal muscle degeneration? a. Multiple sclerosis b. Muscular dystrophy c. Myasthenia gravis d. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

b. Muscular dystrophy

A form of spina bifida in which some of the spinal cord and meninges are protruding from a defect in the spine is a(n): a. Meningioma b. Myelomeningocele c. Osteogenesis imperfecta d. Hydroele

b. Myelomeningocele

Your patient is a 24-year-old, 176-pound male who is alert and oriented 12 hours after ingesting thirty 500 mg tablets of Tylenol. Which of the following are the most likely complaints or findings? a. Confusion, lethargy, and hyperthermia b. Nausea, vomiting, weakness, and fatigue c. Abdominal pain and oliguria d. Signs and symptoms of liver failure`

b. Nausea, vomiting, weakness, and fatigue

Which of the following does NOT typically enter the body through injection? a. Medication overdose b. Organophosphate c. Envenomation d. Illicit drug overdose

b. Organophosphate

Valium would be LEAST likely to impact the cause of _______ seizures a. Tonic-clonic b. Pseudo c. Simple partial d. Complex partial

b. Pseudo

The dorsal roots of the spinal cord contain afferent fibers that transmit impulses from _________ to _________. a. The central nervous system, motor nerves b. Sensory nerves, central nervous system c. The central nervous system, sensory nerves d. Motor nerves, the central nervous system

b. Sensory nerves, central nervous system

A patient tells you that she experienced an episode of involuntary "shaking" in her arm. She describes a 1- to 2-minute-long episode of muscular jerking and contracting of her entire left arm. She retained consciousness, lacked an aura, and had no pain associated with the episode. This most indicates a(n) ________ seizure. a. Psychosomatic b. Simple partial c. Petit Mal d. Absence

b. Simple partial

The primary goal in the prehospital care of a patient who has been bitten by a pit viper is to: a. Induce diuresis b. Slow absorption of the venom c. Alkalinize the urine d. Remove the venom from the surrounding tissue

b. Slow absorption of the venom

What neurological problem results in a birth defect in which the fetal vertebrae do not close properly, often resulting in spinal cord dysfunction? a. Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease b. Spina bifida c. Guillians- Barre syndrome d. Multiple Scleroisis

b. Spina bifida

Atrial fibrillation is most associated with ________ strokes. a. Hypoxic b. Thrombotic c. Embolic d. Hemorrhagic

b. Thormbotic *****THIS COMES UP AS WRONG BUT DAN SAYS IT'S RIGHT********

The need to progressively increase the dose of a drug to reproduce the effect originally achieved at smaller doses is: a. Addiction b. Tolerance c. Substance abuse d. Habituation

b. Tolerance

The need to progressively increase the dose of a drug to reproduce the effect originally achieved at smaller doses is: a. Addiction b. Tolerance c. Substance abuse d. Habituation

b. Tolerance

Your patient is a 56-year-old female who is alert and sitting in a chair. She states that she accidentally took too many of her Cardizem tablets. Which of the following signs or symptoms would you LEAST expect to find? a. Cool, dry skin and mild hypotension b. Warm, dry skin and tachycardia c. Cool, diaphoretic skin and profound hypotension d. Bradycardia and altered mental status

b. Warm, dry skin and tachycardia

Which hepatitis often presents with hepatitis D? a. A b. B c. C d. D

b.B

Which of the following agencies monitors national disease data and provides disease information to health care providers? a. DHHS b. CDC c. OSHA d. NIOSH

b.CDC

For which of the following diseases is there no vaccine? a. Measles b. Croup c. Mumps d. Rubella

b.Croup

Which of the following techniques destroys some, but not all, microorganisms? a. Cleaning b. Disinfection c. Decontamination d. Sterilization

b.Disinfection

Mushrooms and yeasts are examples of: a. Parasites b. Fungi c. Helminthes d. Protozoa

b.Fungi

Your patient is a 27-year-old male complaining of difficulty breathing. He states that he has just returned from a month-long backpacking trip across Arizona. He describes a two-week history of fatigue, fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. He started experiencing difficulty breathing yesterday. He has no significant medical history and takes no medications. Physical examination reveals hot, moist skin; bilateral lower-lobe rales on auscultation of the lungs; and the abdomen is soft and nontender. Which of the following is most likely? a. Legionnaire's disease b. Hantavirus infection c. Anthrax d. Scorpion bite

b.Hantavirus infection

Which of the following statements about Neisseria meningitidis is TRUE? a. The vaccine is recommended for health care workers. b. It is the bacteria that most often causes serious cases of meningitis. c. It is responsible for 90 percent of patients with a viral meningitis. d. Signs and symptoms of infection can take weeks to develop.

b.It is the bacteria that most often causes serious cases of meningitis.

Which of the following statements about Streptococcus pneumoniae is TRUE? a. Vaccines are ineffective against Streptococcus pneumoniae. b. It is the most common cause of pneumonia in adults. c. It is the leading cause of meningitis in children. d. It is an infrequent cause of otitis media in children.

b.It is the most common cause of pneumonia in adults.

Which of the following statements about Haemophilus influenzae type B is TRUE? a. It is the leading cause of conjunctivitis in adults. b. It was once the leading cause of meningitis in children aged six months to three years. c. Vaccines are ineffective against Haemophilus influenzae type B. d. It is a Gram-positive rod.

b.It was once the leading cause of meningitis in children aged six months to three years.

Which of the following statements about hepatitis A is TRUE? a. Hepatitis A is transmitted through direct contact with blood and body fluids. b. Many patients are asymptomatic with hepatitis A infection. c. Transmission via needle stick injury is common. d. The incubation period for hepatitis A is three to five days.

b.Many patients are asymptomatic with hepatitis A infection.

Your patient is a 40-year-old male. As a child he would have been LEAST likely to have suffered from: a. RSV b. Pertussis c. Measles d. Mumps

b.Pertussis

Your patient is a 20-year-old female college student who lives in a dormitory. She complains of weakness, fever, chills, nausea, a rash on her chest, and neck pain. Physical examination reveals warm, moist skin; pain with flexion of her neck; and a petechial rash on her chest. HR = 92, BP = 108/68, RR = 14, SaO2 = 99%. Which of the following is most appropriate? a. Place an N-95 respirator on the patient, transport BLS, notify the hospital before arrival b. Place a face mask on your patient and yourself, transport BLS, notify the hospital before arrival c. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather, BLS, and transport d. Administer O2 via nonrebreather mask, cardiac monitor, IV of normal saline, and transport

b.Place a face mask on your patient and yourself, transport BLS, notify the hospital before arrival

From which of the following incidents would infection with Clostridium tetani be most likely? a. Eating improperly prepared, home-canned food b. Receiving a puncture wound to the foot c. Drinking contaminated well water d. Being bitten by an infected animal

b.Receiving a puncture wound to the foot

Clostridium botulinum has its effect primarily by: a. Altering cellular structure to create syncytia b. Releasing a toxin that results in muscular paralysis c. Creating gas through the fermentation of carbohydrates in muscle tissue d. Causing septicemia

b.Releasing a toxin that results in muscular paralysis

HIV attacks and destroys the: a. B lymphocytes b. T lymphocytes c. Pluripotent stem cells d. Macrophages

b.T lymphocytes

Which of the following most accurately represents the concern in the health care community about avian influenza? a. The causative bacterium is antibiotic resistant. b. The virus is highly infectious, and there is no vaccine currently available. c. The disease has a 100 percent mortality rate. d. It has become endemic in the United States.

b.The virus is highly infectious, and there is no vaccine currently available.

Which of the following statements about rubella and the rubella virus is FALSE? a. EMS providers should receive an MMR vaccination. b. The virus is spread via contact with infected blood and body fluids. c. Immunization via the MMR vaccination is 98 to 99 percent effective. d. Infection in the first trimester of pregnancy increases the risk of birth defects.

b.The virus is spread via contact with infected blood and body fluids.

A 44-year-old male staying in a homeless shelter is alert and complaining of shortness of breath. He has a two-week history of cough with hemoptysis, fever, chills, and night sweats. Physical examination reveals skin to be warm and moist and lung sounds decreased in the right upper lobe with rhonchi. HR = 100, BP = 142/100, RR = 20, SaO2=95%. You should assume this patient has a high likelihood of having: a. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome b. Tuberculosis c. Pneumonia d. RSV

b.Tuberculosis

After receiving the hepatitis B vaccine, the blood of a paramedic reveals no circulating antibodies for the disease. Which of the following phases would the paramedic most likely be in regarding the immunization? a. Latent b. Window c. Incubation d. Seroconversion

b.Window

While on a call you receive a laceration to your thigh from a jagged piece of metal. Which of the following is the correct recommendation for tetanus prophylaxis? a. You must receive a tetanus booster annually to be protected from tetanus. b. You should receive a tetanus booster if you have not had one in the past ten years. c. If you are over the age of 60, you should receive tetanus immune globulin but not a tetanus booster. d. If you received the entire series of tetanus immunizations as a child, you do not need a tetanus booster.

b.You should receive a tetanus booster if you have not had one in the past ten years.

An emergency in which the​ patient's behavior is​ unusual, bizarre,​ threatening, or dangerous is referred to as​ a:

behavioral emergency.

A clue that the scene may not be safe to enter would​ be:

broken glass and furniture.

Your patient is a 32-year-old female who is alert but in significant distress, complaining of a migraine. She has a history of migraines, describes a gradual onset of headache this morning, and is now experiencing nausea and intense throbbing pain behind her temples. She is lying on a couch in a dim room and keeps her eyes closed while talking to you in a low voice. HR = 100, BP = 148/100, RR = 12, SaO2= 99%. Which of the following is MOST appropriate in the prehospital management of this patient? a. Morphine sulfate, IV in 2mg increments, up to 10 mg b. NTG SL, 0.4mg, up to 3 tablets or a diastolic pressure of 80 mmHg. c. A calm, quiet environment and dim lights d. Lorazepam, 2 mg

c. A calm, quiet environment and dim lights

A compulsive and overwhelming dependence on a chemical substance is: a. Substance abuse b. Withdrawal c. Addiction d. Habituation

c. Addiction

You are presented with a 25-year-old male complaining of a mouth and stomach pain after accidentally ingesting approximately 8 ounces of benzene. Physical examination reveals irritation to the oral mucosa, skin warm, and slightly diaphoretic, and lung sounds are clear and equal bilaterally. HR = 100, BP = 118/66, RR = 14, SaO2 = 99%. Based on the clinical exam findings, treatment would consist of all the following EXCEPT: a. O2 via nasal cannula 2 lpm b. Rapid transportation to an ED for gastric decontamination c. Administration of activated charcoal d. IV of NS KVO

c. Administration of activated charcoal

Which of the following is LEAST pertinent in the prehospital setting when obtaining the history of a patient with a suspected transient ischemic attack or stroke? a. History of diabetes b. History of cardiovascular disease c. Allergies d. Medications

c. Allergies

Your patient is a 48-year-old female who is unconscious with snoring respirations after ingesting an unknown substance. You note cold, peripherally cyanotic skin and a weak, rapid pulse. Her pupils are equal and reactive but constricted. She has no unusual odors, and her blood glucose level is 80 mg/dl. HR = 74, BP = 100/68, RR = 4, SaO2 = 91%. Which of the following is appropriate? a. Intubate, ventilate using supplemental oxygen, IV, 1 mEq/kg sodium bicarbonate b. Intubate, ventilate using supplemental oxygen, IV, 2 mg naloxone, 100 mg thiamine, 25 gm dextrose c. Assist ventilations using supplemental oxygen, IV, 2 mg naloxone d. Assist ventilations using supplemental oxygen, IV, 2 mg naloxone, 100 mg thiamine, 25 gm dextrose

c. Assist ventilations using supplemental oxygen, IV, 2 mg naloxone

You are presented with a 42-year-old male who is unconscious with snoring respirations after a heroin overdose. HR = 64, BP = 98/50, RR = 6 and shallow, SaO2 = 91 %. Which of the following is most appropriate initial treatment? a. Intubate, ventilate with supplemental oxygen b. IV access, administer a 250 cc fluid bolus c. BLS airway management and ventilations with supplemental oxygen d. IV access, administer naloxone.

c. BLS airway management and ventilations with supplemental oxygen

You have been called to a residence by the parents of a 14-year-old boy, whom they found sniffing paint fumes in an effort to get high. The patient is agitated, coughing, and complaining of dizziness and shortness of breath. His airway is patent, respirations adequate, and radial pulse easily palpable. Closer assessment of the patient reveals paint around his mouth and breath sounds that are clear and equal. Hear rate = 96, respirations = 20, blood pressure = 116/78, an SzO2 = 96%. Oxygen via a nonrebreather has been applied and an IV established. Which of the following is most important in the assessment and care of this patient? a. Benzodiazepines b. Antipyretics c. Cardiac monitoring d. Albuterol administration

c. Cardiac monitoring

Your patient has ingested cyanide is a suicide attempt. Which of the following is the primary threat to life you should anticipate? a. Hypotension b. Pulmonary edema c. Cellular asphyxia d. Liver failure

c. Cellular asphyxia

Alcohol is classified as a(n): a. Stimulant b. Anxiolytic c. Depressant d. Hallucinogen

c. Depressant

Which of the following is commonly indicated in the management of cocaine overdose? a. Thiamine b. Flumazenil c. Diazepam d. Narcarn

c. Diazepam

A seizure that begins as an aberrant electrical discharge in a small area of the brain but spreads to include the entire cerebral cortex is a _________ seizure. a. Complex partial b. Myoclonic c. Generalized d. Simple partial

c. Generalized

Which of the following is NOT associated with chronic alcohol ingestion? a. Decreased sensation in hands and feet b. Thiamine deficiency c. Hyperactivity d. Esophageal varices

c. Hyperactivity

A couple has been experimenting with Ecstasy. THey are both complaining of anxiety, nausea, and palpitations. You should also expect: a. Dyspnea b. Seizures c. Hypertension d. Bradycardia

c. Hypertension

Which three cranial nerves are involved in the cardinal positions of gaze? a. I, III, and VI b. VI, VII, and X c. III, IV, and VI d. I, III, and IV

c. III, IV, and VI

Which of the following should be part of the general management of a patient with altered mental status? a. Thiamine b. 50 percent dextrose c. IV of NS KVO d. Hyperventilation with 100 percent oxygen.

c. IV of NS KVO

Your patient is a 34-year-old male who is alert and oriented after an intentional overdose of ten Wellbutrin tablets 30 minutes ago. He denies ingestion of any other drugs or alcohol. Physical examination reveals warm, dry skin; PEARL; and slight tremor to his hands. HR = 100, BP = 128/84, RR = 14, SaO2 = 99%. Which of the following is most appropriate? a. IV of normal saline, KVO; flumazenil, IV b. IV of normal saline, KVO' sodium bicarbonate 1 mEq/kg, iV c. IV of normal saline, KVO d. IV of normal saline, KVO; activated charcoal, PO or via NG tube.

c. IV of normal saline, KVO

The most common cause of lower back pain is: a. Sciatica b. Arthritis c. Idiopathic d. Osteomyelitis

c. Idiopathic

Your patient is a 76-year-old female who was initially lethargic but responded to verbal stimuli. According to family members, the patient experienced a sudden decrease in responsiveness. She had a left-sided facial droop, aphasia, a dilated and nonreactive right pupil, and a flaccid left arm. Lung sounds are decreased bilaterally. HR = 58, BP = 172/102, RR = 6 and shallow, SaO2 = 88%. As you start to treat her, the patient has a generalized seizure lasting about 30 seconds. She is now unresponsive. Which of the following is most appropriate? a. Intubation, IV of normal saline at a keep open rate, cardiac monitor, blood glucose determination, sublingual nitroglycerin spray, transport without delay b. Hyperventilate by bag-valve mask, IV of normal saline at a keep open rate, check blood glucose level, administer 25 gm of dextrose if needed, administer naloxone and thiamine, intubate if no improvement, transport without delay c. Intubation, IV of normal saline at a keep open rate, cardiac monitor, blood glucose determination, transport without delay d. Hyperventilate by bag-valve mask, IV of normal saline at a keep open rate, diazepam 5 mg IV, intubate if no improvement, transport without delay

c. Intubation, IV of normal saline at a keep open rate, cardiac monitor, blood glucose determination, transport without delay

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of activated charcoal? a. It absorbs toxins in the stomach b. It neutralizes both acidic and alkaline substances in the stomach. c. It adsorbs toxins in the stomach. d. It prevents substances from ionizing in the small intestine

c. It adsorbs toxins in the stomach. it has to be the "c" one, it can't be the "a" one.

Which of the following diseases involves inflammation followed by demyelination of the brain and spinal cord nerve fibers? a. Myasthenia gravis b. Muscular dystrophy c. Multiple sclerosis d. Alzheimer's disease

c. Multiple sclerosis

Which of the following is characterized by involuntary muscle twitching? a. Ataxia b. Trismus c. Myoclonus d. Dystonia

c. Myoclonus

Naproxen, ibuprofen, and ketorolac are all examples of: a. MAOIs b. SSRIs c. NSAIDs d. TCAs

c. NSAIDs

The postsynaptic neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nerves is: a. Dopamine b. Acetycholine c. Norepinephrine d. Epinephrine

c. Norepinephrine

Which of the following conditions results from a defect within the basal ganglia? a. Dystonia disorder b. Muscular dystrophy c. Parkinson's disease d. Alzheimer's disease

c. Parkinson's disease

A seizure that remains confined to a limited portion of the brain, causing localized dysfunction, is a(n) __________ seizure. a. Tonic b. Absence c. Partial d. Petit mal

c. Partial

Your patient is a 45-year-old female type I diabetic with a history of nonhealing foot ulcer. On examination, you find her pedal pulse is present, but she lacks sensation in her foot. This is most likely due to: a. Brown-Sequard syndrome b. Ryanaud's disease c. Peripheral neuropathy d. Claudication

c. Peripheral neuropathy

A patient has accidentally ingested about 4 ounces of drain cleaner. Your primary concern should be: a. Metabolic alkalosis b. Internal bleeding c. Potential airway compromise d. Decresased level of consciousness

c. Potential airway compromise

Your patient is a 55-year-old male cab driver who was found unresponsive in the driver's seat of his vehicle, which has been parked in front of a hotel for about 45 minutes. The patient is unresponsive to painful stimulus; has snoring respirations at 12 per minute; is cool, pale, and diaphoretic; and has a heart rate of 58 and a blood pressure of 170/104. Which of the following does NOT help when determining the underlying cause of the patient's condition? a. Blood glucose level determination b. Checking the pupils c. Pulse oximetry d. Scene survey

c. Pulse oximetry

Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft are all examples of: a. Phenothizaines b. Monoamine oxidase inhibitor c. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors d. Tricyclic antidepressants

c. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

A patient with speech impairment following a stroke would have involvement in the ________ lobe of the brain. a. Frontal b. Parietal c. Temporal d. Occipital

c. Temporal

You are transporting a male patient with the complaint of expressive aphasia and right upper extremity paralysis to the hospital. When calling the hospital, which of the following pieces of information is it most critical to convey? a. History of hypertension b. SaO2 of 94% despite oxygen c. Time of symptom onset b. Blood pressure 168/82 mmHg

c. Time of symptom onset

A type of generalized seizure characterized by a rapid loss of consciousness and motor coordination, muscle spasms, and jerking motions is known as a(n): a. Simple partial b. Absence c. Tonic-clonic seizure d. Complex partial seizure

c. Tonic-clonic seizure

Your patient is a two-year-old male who is alert and crying after ingesting bathroom cleaner. Physical examination reveals no obvious burns or irritation to his oropharynx, and his skin is cool and dry. HR = 112, BP = 108/60, RR = 24, SaO2 = 99%. Which of the following is most appropriate? a. Having the patient drink a glass of milk b. Administration of ipecac c. Transport d. Administration of activated charcoal

c. Transport

Your female patient is experiencing sharp, stabbing, right-sided face pain of her upper and lower lips, cheek, and around her orbit. This best describes: a. A cluster headache b. Temporomandibular joint syndrome c. Trigeminal neuralgia d. Bell's palsy

c. Trigeminal neuralgia

Health care workers can best avoid hepatitis B infection by: a. Using standard precautions for all patients b. Using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer after each patient contact c. Completing the hepatitis B vaccine series d. Receiving gamma globulin in the event of an exposure

c.Completing the hepatitis B vaccine series

Hepatitis E is often associated with: a. HIV infection b. Tuberculosis infection c. Contaminated drinking water d. HBV infection

c.Contaminated drinking water

Which of the following measures is most important in protecting EMS providers from infectious disease? a. Thorough disinfection of the ambulance after every call b. Tuberculosis vaccination c. Hand washing after all patient contact d. Glove use for all patient contact

c.Hand washing after all patient contact

Mononucleosis presents with all the following signs and symptoms EXCEPT: a. Enlarged and tender lymph nodes b. Fatigue c. Hepatomegaly d. Sore throat

c.Hepatomegaly

A memory or specific response is considered a (an)________ response. a. Cell-mediated b. Inflammatory c. Humoral d. Immune

c.Humoral

Your patient is a 19-year-old female college student complaining of a low-grade fever, extremely sore throat, tenderness of the cervical lymph nodes, and extreme fatigue. Examination reveals warm, moist, flushed skin. Heart rate = 88, respirations = 12, and blood pressure = 118/78. There is tenderness to palpation of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. Which of the following is most likely? a. Bacterial meningitis b. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome c. Mononucleosis d. Fifth disease

c.Mononucleosis

Which of the following statements about mumps is TRUE? a. Mumps are of no concern to the adult patient. b. There is no vaccine for the mumps virus. c. Mumps are characterized by enlargement of the salivary glands. d. Mumps are not highly communicable.

c.Mumps are characterized by enlargement of the salivary glands.

Your patient is a 64-year-old male who is in a rehabilitation facility. He is five days postoperative for repair of a hip fracture. He is complaining of shortness of breath, which has been progressing for the past two days. He has a fever and a cough productive of purulent sputum. Physical examination reveals hot, moist skin and bilateral lower lobe rhonchi. HR = 122, BP = 126/88, RR = 28, SaO2= 92%. Which of the following is most appropriate? a. Albuterol nebulized with oxygen, IV of normal saline b. Oxygen by nonrebreather, IV of normal saline, 40 mg furosemide c. Oxygen by nonrebreather, IV of normal saline d. Oxygen by nonrebreather, BLS transport

c.Oxygen by nonrebreather, IV of normal saline

To test for Brudzinski's sign you would: a. Have the patient take a deep breath while you palpate under the right costal margin b. Check for periumbilical ecchymosis c. Place the patient in a supine position and flex the neck d. Stroke the bottom of the foot from heel to toe with a pen

c.Place the patient in a supine position and flex the neck

Which of the following is a mobile, single-celled, parasitic organism? a. Fungus b. Virus c. Protozoan d. Bacterium

c.Protozoan

A life-threatening medical condition that is caused by systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is: a. Hypoglycemia b. Thrombocytopenia c. Septicemia d. Pernicious anemia

c.Septicemia

A 43-year-old former IV drug abuser presents with a three-week history of fever, sore throat, diarrhea, and general malaise. He denies any PMH or meds. Physical examination reveals warm, dry skin; numerous purplish skin lesions; and lung sounds with mild rhonchi in the upper right lobe. HR = 104, BP = 118/70, RR = 14, SaO2 = 97%. Based on these clinical exam findings, which of the following would you most likely expect to find with a continued exam? a. Jaundice and hepatomegaly b. Hepatomegaly and mitral regurgitation c. Splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy d. Pupils dilated bilaterally and AMS

c.Splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy

Epidemiology is best described as the study of: a. The pathophysiology of infectious disease b. Vaccines and disease treatments c. The patterns of disease in communities d. The body's immunity to infectious disease

c.The patterns of disease in communities

You are suspicious that a patient is suffering from active tuberculosis. Which of the following would be most appropriate? a. Neither you nor the patient should wear a HEPA respirator. b. Both you and the patient should wear a HEPA respirator. c. You should wear a HEPA respirator. d. The patient should wear a HEPA respirator.

c.You should wear a HEPA respirator.

The endocrine system differs from the nervous system in the fact that it:

controls the body with specialized chemical mediators.

Which of the following statements would make you suspicious that your patient has been exposed to cyanide? a. "I think I smoked some bad weed." b. "I inhaled some fumes when I was fueling my truck." c. I think my car has an exhaust leak." d. "I have been burning carpet and old furniture all day."

d. "I have been burning carpet and old furniture all day."

Which of the following complaints is most typical for a patient suffering an exacerbation of multiple sclerosis? a. "Each night I seem to gt a fever and break out in a sweat." b. "I have no feeling in either my arms or my legs." c. "I cannot remember my address or phone number." d. "My legs feel heavy, and I am having trouble walking."

d. "My legs feel heavy, and I am having trouble walking."

Your patient is a 40-year-old male who ingested 30 tablets of Lexapro and 24 tablets of Tylenol PM. Which of the following is the most important question you should ask? a. "why did you take these medications?" b. "Have you ever done this before?"' c. "do you have a history of depression?" d. "how long ago did you take these medications?"

d. "how long ago did you take these medications?"

Pseudoseizures are best controlled by: a. Lorazepam b. Phenytoin c. Using physical restraints d. A command to stop

d. A command to stop

Which of the following accounts for more than 90 percent of hospital admissions for toxic substance exposure? a. Pediatric overdose b. Intentional poisoning by another person c. Pediatric accidental poisonings d. Adult poisonings and overdoses

d. Adult poisonings and overdoses

Which of the following diseases is characterized by a progressive degeneration of the nerve cells that control voluntary movement, weakness, loss of motor control, difficulty speaking, and cramping? a. Muscular dystrophy b. Bell's palsy c. Multiple Sclerosis d. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

d. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Which of the following is evaluated in the Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen but is not part of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale? a. Facial Droop c. Arm drift d. Speech d. Blood glucose level

d. Blood glucose level

Which of the following is the therapeutic effect of a cathartic? a. Vomiting b. Increased protein binding of drugs c. Alkalinization of the urine d. Diarrhea

d. Diarrhea

Your patient is a 29-year-old male who is conscious, alert, and extremely hyperactive after using cocaine. HR = 134, BP = 148/102, RR = 20. Physical examination reveals warm, diaphoretic skin and dilated pupils bilaterally. Which of the following medications should be considered to manage this patient? a. Metoprolol b. Naloxone c. Propranolol d. Diazepam

d. Diazepam

You suspect your patient is experiencing a hemorrhagic stroke. He is confused, has a respiratory rate of 20, and a blood pressure of 178/88. Which of the following additional findings would most increase your suspicion of increased intracranial pressure? a. Slurred speech b. Hallucination c. Anterograde amnesia d. Heart rate of 50

d. Heart rate of 50

Which of the following is a narcotic? a. Mescaline b. Crack c. Cocaine d. Heroin

d. Heroin

Your patient is unresponsive after removal from a a home in which four family members found unconscious after having "flulike symptoms." The patient has snoring respirations at 10 per minute; a weak, rapid radial pulse; and an SaO2 of 100%. Your treatment should consist of all of the following EXCEPT: a. IV of normal saline b. Endotracheal intubation c. Considering transport to a hospital with hyperbaric oxygen treatment facilities d. Hyperventilation with 100 percent oxygen

d. Hyperventilation with 100 percent oxygen

Which of the following is NOT a possible source of cyanide poisoning? a. Fume inhalation from burning plastic, synthetic carpeting, or silk b. Ingestion of apricot, pear, and cherry pits c. Long-term sodium nitroprusside therapy d. Improperly vented heating systems

d. Improperly vented heating systems

When a substance enters the body through the gastrointestinal tract, it has accessed the body by: a. Inhalation b. Surface absorption c. Injection d. Ingestion

d. Ingestion

Your patient is a 24-year-old male who is alert and oriented, complaining of severe "dizziness" and an earache for two days. He states that any movement of his head causes him to become very dizzy and nauseated. The patient's skin is warm and dry, his pupils are equal and reactive, and there is no gross neurological deficit. HR = 82, BP = 120/82, RR = 12, SaO2 = 99%. Which of the following is most likely? a. Subdural hematoma b. Transient cerebral ischemia c. Hypersensitivity of the carotid sinus d. Labyrinthitis

d. Labyrinthitis

Your patient is a 45-year-old female who became hypertensive after eating some cheese and drinking wine. Which type of medication would most likely account for this reaction? a. Phenothiazines b. Tricyclic antidepressants c. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors d. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

d. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Your patient is a 24-year-old male complaining of a headache for the past two days. He states he has taken aspirin but cannot get rid of the headache. The patient lives in a basement apartment, which you observe is very chilly. The patient states his furnace hasn't been working and he had to use the oven to help heat the apartment. Which of the finding and complaints are most likely? a. Nausea, vomiting, decreased hemoglobin saturation b. Rash, nausea, a metallic taste in the mouth c. Pale skin, sluggish pupils, tachycardia d. Nausea, vomiting, confusion, tachypnea

d. Nausea, vomiting, confusion, tachypnea

You should most highly suspect that a patient with tremors, periodic muscular rigidity, slowed movement, and impaired balance and coordination suffers from: a. Peripheral neuralgia b. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis c. Autonomic dysreflexia d. Parkinson's Disease

d. Parkinson's Disease

Which of the following infectious childhood diseases would most likely result in paralysis? a. Spina bifida b. German measles c. Rubella d. Poliomyelitis

d. Poliomyelitis

Your patient is an alcoholic who stopped drinking three days ago. Which of the following should concern you the most in the care of this patient? a. Abdominal cramps b. Command hallucinations c. Hypothermia d. Potential for seizures

d. Potential for seizures

During a domestic disturbance your patient experienced a sudden onset of violent, bizarre movements of the extremities followed by unresponsiveness to verbal stimuli. On your arrival the bizarre movements begin again but stop suddenly when you firmly say, "Stop!" This most indicates ___________ seizure. a. Absence b. Simple partial c. Complex partial d. Pseudo

d. Pseudo

Your patient is a 32-year-old male who is alert and oriented and complaining of severe pain. He states he has a history of disk herniation. Today, he experienced an acute onset of lower back pain while lifting a heavy box. Physical examination reveals a palpable muscle spasm and pain with palpation at the level of L4 and L5. He is lying on his right side and states that the pain is too severe for him to move. HR = 132, BP = 152/104, RR = 20, SaO2 =99%. Which of the following would NOT be appropriate? a. Morphine sulfate IV b. Valium IV c. Cervical collar, supine immobilization on a long backboard d. Right lateral recumbent position on a long backboard for transport

d. Right lateral recumbent position on a long backboard for transport

Your patient is a 22-year-old female who has increased her daily dose of lithium without her physician's knowledge. She is complaining of generalized weakness, vomiting, and diarrhea. You notice that her speech is slurred. Heart rate = 68 and irregular, respirations = 16, blood pressure = 104/70, SaO2 = 97% on room air, and the monitor shows a sinus rhythm with PACs and PJCs. Which of the following would be most beneficial to this patient? a. Oxygen b. Magnesium sulfate c. Calcium chloride d. Sodium bicarbonate

d. Sodium bicarbonate

Using a pharmaceutical agent for something other than its intended use is called: a. Overdose b. Addiction c. Habituation d. Substance abuse

d. Substance abuse

Your patient is a 19-year-old female who is exhibiting generalized seizure activity. Her roommate states that she had a seizure that lasted about 3 minutes, remained unresponsive, and started having another seizure about 5 minutes after the first. The patient has peripheral cyanosis and copious oral secretions. Which of the following is of HIGHEST priority for this patient? a. Starting an IV and administering 5 mg of diazepam b. Suctioning the airway, applying 15 liters per minute of oxygen by nonrebreathing mask c. Starting an IV, administering succinylcholine, and intubation d. Suctioning the airway, assisting ventilations with a bag-valve- mask device

d. Suctioning the airway, assisting ventilations with a bag-valve- mask device

Your patient is a 60-year-old male complaining of chills, fever, joint pain, and vomiting. He states he was bitten by a spider yesterday morning, and now he thinks the bite might be infected. The patient has an ulcerated wound on his left leg. The best treatment for this patient would include: a. Diazepam 2.5 mg b. Magnesium sulfate 2 g c. Calcium gluconate 0.1mg/kg d. Supportive management

d. Supportive management

A 35-year-old male complains of a "pressure" -type headache to the back of his head and neck. He states that he woke up with discomfort this morning, and the pain has steadily gotten worse through the day. He denies any radiation of the pain and denies photophobia but states that he is slightly nauseated. Based on the clinical presentation, the paramedic should be suspicious of what type of headache? a. Migraine b. Vascular c. Cluster d. Tension

d. Tension

Your patient is a 62-year-old female who is alert and oriented and sitting at her kitchen table. Her husband describes an episode of slurred speech and facial drooping that lasted about 10 minutes and resolved just before your arrival. Physical examination is unremarkable. She has no significant medical history and takes no medications. HR = 78, BP = 134/78, RR = 12, SaO2 = 99%. Which of te following is most likely? a. Absence seizure b. Stroke b. Meniere's disease d. Transient ischemic attack

d. Transient ischemic attack

Your patient is a 19-year-old male who ingested thirty 500 mg tablets of Tylenol 25 minutes ago. Police officers on the scene are requesting that you "check him out" before they transport him for psychiatric evaluation. The patient denies ingesting other drugs or alcohol and has no complaints. HR =94, BP = 116/74, RR = 12, SaO2 = 98%. Which of the following would be most appropriate? a. Release the patient to law enforcement custody b. Transport to the emergency department and administer activated charcoal c. Transport to the emergency department and administer sodium bicarbonate. d. Transport to the emergency department and start an IV of normal saline.

d. Transport to the emergency department and start an IV of normal saline.

Which of the following should be suspected as a potential cause of syncope? a. Hypovolemia b. Cardiac dysrhythmia c. Vagal Stimulation d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Which of the following statements concerning Africanized honey bees is accurate? a. Envenomation by Africanized honeybees requires treatment with specific antivenin b. the venom of Africanized honeybees is more toxic than that of other types of bees c. the venom of Africanized honeybees causes acute renal failure d. patients stung by Africanized honeybees tend to have more stings than patients stung by other types of bees.

d. patients stung by Africanized honeybees tend to have more stings than patients stung by other types of bees.

Which of the following statements about the differences between viruses and bacteria is NOT true? a. Bacteria can reproduce by themselves, while viruses cannot. b. Bacteria require a food source to thrive, while viruses do not. c. Bacteria are much larger than viruses. d. Bacteria contain only DNA, and viruses contain only RNA.

d.Bacteria contain only DNA, and viruses contain only RNA.

Demographics are: a. Statistics related to the morbidity and mortality of all illnesses and injuries b. Geographical distributions of illness and injury c. Statistics related to the incidence of infectious disease d. Characteristics of human populations

d.Characteristics of human populations

Your patient is a 23-year-old male prisoner who is alert and oriented, complaining of general malaise. He describes a month-long history of weakness, joint pain, nausea and occasional vomiting, and anorexia. He has no medical history and takes no medications. Physical examination reveals clear lung sounds bilaterally; warm, dry skin; several prison tattoos; a firm liver; and jaundice to his sclera. Which of the following is most likely? a. Fatty liver b. Cirrhosis of the liver c. HIV d. Hepatitis B

d.Hepatitis B

Which of the following is NOT a known transmission route for hepatitis B? a. Blood transfusion b. Dialysis c. Tattooing d. Insect bites

d.Insect bites

A paramedic within your service was treating an IV drug addict when the patient spit at her, hitting her in the eye. At the hospital, when asked for blood, the patient refused to consent for testing. In this case, which of the following is TRUE? a. The patient can be placed under detention and be required to give a blood sample. b. A judge will issue a court order requiring the patient to allow his blood to be tested. c. By law the patient is required to submit blood for testing. d. It is within the patient's right to refuse blood testing.

d.It is within the patient's right to refuse blood testing.

Which of the following is classified as a helminth? a. Trichomonas b. Treponema c. Spirochete d. Liver fluke

d.Liver fluke

Which of the following agencies is the primary agency responsible for establishing guidelines and standards to regulate health care worker safety as it relates to communicable disease transmission? a. NFPA b. CDC c. FEMA d. OSHA

d.OSHA

All the following are common signs or symptoms of lice infestation EXCEPT: a. Red macules or papules on the affected areas b. White, oval-shaped nits on the hair shafts c. Itching d. Open lesions in the affected areas

d.Open lesions in the affected areas

All the following pathogens typically cause meningitis in children EXCEPT: a. Haemophilus influenza type B b. Streptococcus pneumoniae c. Neisseria meningitides d. Paramyxovirus

d.Paramyxovirus

Which of the following is best described as a change from the absence of antibodies to detectable levels of antibodies in the blood after exposure to an infectious disease? a. Clinical horizon b. Virulence c. Chemotaxis d. Seroconversion

d.Seroconversion

Which of the following statements about influenza and the influenza virus is FALSE? a. High-risk individuals include the pediatric and geriatric populations. b. An influenza vaccine confers immunity against only a few strains of the virus each year. c. Influenza is the leading cause of respiratory disease worldwide. d. The disease is characterized by nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

d.The disease is characterized by nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Which of the following statements about herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) is FALSE? a. There is a low risk of disease transmission via casual contact. b. HSV-2 is responsible for 70 to 90 percent of all genital herpes cases. c. In addition to painful lesions to the infected area, fever and enlarged lymph nodes can be present during the initial presentation of the infection. d. Treatment with acyclovir can eradicate the virus.

d.Treatment with acyclovir can eradicate the virus.

Your patient is a 21-year-old male who is alert and oriented, complaining of a rash that started about 36 hours ago, first appearing on his trunk. The rash has now spread to his face and extremities. You notice multiple small, fluid-filled vesicles on the patient's body. The patient is concerned that he will miss work as a second-grade student teacher. He has no medical history, including childhood diseases. The patient is most likely suffering from: a. Rubella b. Epstein-Barr virus c. Herpes simplex d. Varicella

d.Varicella

Your patient was bitten on the hand by a wild raccoon he tried to capture. Which of the following is the best management for this patient? a. Irrigate the wound with sterile saline, dry the area around the wound, and apply a thin layer of antibiotic ointment. b. Clean the area with a povidone-iodine swab. c. Clean the area with an isopropyl alcohol pad. d. Wash the wound with soap and running water.

d.Wash the wound with soap and running water.

A behavior disorder characterized by relatively rapid onset of widely disorganized thought​ is:

delirium.

You respond to an unresponsive patient. Upon exam, you get a finger stick blood glucose reading of "Lo." Treatment should include administration of:

dextrose

You respond to an unresponsive patient. Upon exam, you get a finger stick blood glucose reading of "Lo." Treatment should include administration of:

dextrose.

You suspect that your patient is having a transfusion reaction. The patient's care plan should include: A IV fluid. B diphenhydramine alone. C dobutamine, diphenhydramine, albuterol D. dopamine, diphenhydramine, IV fluid bolus.

dopamine, diphenhydramine, IV fluid bolus.

You respond to a patient acting​ "extremely belligerent" at a nightclub. Law enforcement on the scene informs you that the club is known for MDMA abuse. You should​ consider:

excited delirium and the need for chemical restraint.

You respond to a local restaurant for a behavioral emergency. You arrive on the scene with law enforcement to find a patient who is​ sweating, severely​ agitated, and wearing inappropriate clothing. You should​ suspect:

excited delirium.

The thyroid releases TSH to:

increase metabolism.

You respond to a patient complaining of shortness of breath. Upon your arrival, the patient tells you that she has been experiencing headaches, vertigo, and now shortness of breath. She says her doctor had called with a lab result of her latest test. Her hematocrit is reported as 60. You suspect A. congestive heart failure ( CHF ) B. polycythemia. C. thrombocytopenia. D. sickle cell disease.

polycythemia.

Behavioral disorders not related to substance abuse or medical conditions are known​ as:

psychosocial disorders.

Causes of the inflammatory response include all of the following EXCEPT A trauma. B psychosocial factors. C. infection. D. toxic exposure

psychosocial factors.

Behavior disorders related to a​ patient's socioeconomic​ status, social​ habits, skills, and values are said to​ be:

sociocultural disorders.

Physical restraints deployed by EMS should​ be:

soft restraints.

The third leading cause of death for​ 15- to​ 24-year-olds is:

suicide.

When caring for a patient who has been​ TASERed, you should be aware that the primary TASER injury occurs​ from:

the darts.

Homeostasis refers to:

the tendency of the body to maintain an appropriate internal environment.

Observing the patient for clues of violence should​ include:

the​ patient's posture and hand gestures.

A mental status exam on a behavioral emergency should include all of the following​ EXCEPT:

time since diagnosis.

Which of the following statements about patient restraint is​ TRUE?

​Four-point restraints should be used.