All the quiz's!!!
Social functions of religion include all but which of the following:
-a sense of solidarity with one's social group -a way of distinguishing between social "insiders" and "outsiders" -INSIGHT THAT HELPS US TO UNDERSTAND WHAT HAPPENS AFTER DEATH - a way of justifying moral codes for living
In a patrilineal kinship system, a married couple is most likely to reside __________.
-alternating between the bride's family and the groom's family -with or near the bride's mother's brother -with or near the parents of the bride -WITH OR NEAR THE PARENTS OF THE GROOM
The idea that each culture must be understood in terms of its own values and beliefs and not by the standards of another is called
-an emic perspective -an etic perspective -CULTURAL RELATIVISM -ethnocentrism
Social ranking on the basis of caste is:
-an example of a primary social group -of great importance in India but has no economic or political importance -AN ASCRIBED SYSTEM - no longer an operational social system in India
Culture is NOT
-based on symbols -integrated -learned -STATIC
Typically, circular migrants are also _______________.
-chain migrants -refugees -LABOR MIGRANTS -illegal migrants
The social distribution of the disease kuru in Papua New Guinea was based on which microcultural factor?
-class -ethnicity -age -GENDER
The cultural materialist perspective uses a three-level model of culture that includes:
-class, "race", and gender -INFRASTRUCTURE, STRUCTURE, AND SUPERSTRUCTURE -structure, agency, and change -ethnicity, age, and class
The research tool showing the relatives known by an individual or "ego" is a __________.
-descent system -life history -genealogy -KINSHIP DIAGRAM
Cultures can create kinship via which of the following:
-descent, divorce, and feeling -genetics, language, and learning -DESCENT, SHARING, AND MARRIAGE -sharing, adoption, and marriage
Research that is guided by a hypothesis is:
-emic -DEDUCTIVE - inductive - holistic
Cultural anthropologists link the modes of reproduction to ______.
-emics -diffusion -genetics -THE MODES OF LIVELIHOOD
A research method for learning about culture that involves living in a culture for an extended period while gathering data is called
-ethnomethology -cultural Inquisition -ETHNOGRAPHY - long term cultural inquiry
Pastoralism:
-gives women a dominant economic role in all pastoralist societies -has more occupational specialization than agricultural societies -is the oldest way of making a living -IS A MODE OF LIVELIHOOD BASED ON DOMESTICATED ANIMAL HERDS AND THE USE OF THEIR PRODUCTS SUCH AS MEAT AND MILK
Participatory Observation includes involving yourself in cultural activities such as:
-harvesting procedures -childcare -ALL ARE TRUE -traditional healing ceremonies
Below-replacement-level fertility is characteristic of the __________ mode of livelihood.
-horticulture -INDUSTRIAL/DIGITAL ECONOMY - foraging -pastoralism
Large extended households are most prevalent in the __________ mode of livelihood.
-industrial/digital economy -foraging -consumerist -AGRICULTURE
When doing fieldwork, establishing rapport:
-is easier for male than female anthropologists -makes life easier but doesn't improve the quality of the information gathered -CAN INVOLVE EXCHANGING GIFTS WITH THE LOCAL PEOPLE -usually happens during the first week
Romantic love:
-is involved in roughly 80% of the world's marriages -CAN EXIST EVEN IN POLYANDROUS MARRIAGE SYSTEMS -is a universal criterion for spouse selection cross-culturally - is decreasing in modern times
In the article we read about "Body Art as Visual Language," it was suggested that "body art"
-is used to proclaim independence/autonomy from cultural norms -reveals how much of identity is culturally constructed -is practiced in many different types of societies -was practiced in the past as well as being practiced in the present -ALL ARE CORRECT
Three heterosexual couples are being married. Both the bride and groom of couple A are well-educated. The groom of couple B is from a much wealthier family than the bride. The bride of couple C is much taller than the groom. Which of the following sequences of terms is correctly applied to the three couples?
-isogamy (couple A), hypogyny (couple B), hypergyny (couple C) -hypogyny (couple A), hypergyny (couple B), isogamy (couple C) -ISOGAMY (COUPLE A), HYPERGYNY (COUPLE B), HYPOGYNY (COUPLE C) -hypergyny (couple A), hypogyny (couple B), isogamy (couple C)
All of the following characteristics describe the caste system, except:
-it gets largely passed down to the next generation through engrained ideology -it often results in in-group marriage -IT IS LEGALLY ENFORCED BY THE GOVERNMENT -it results in spatial segregation among members of society
Polyandry, as it is depicted in Goldstein's article and in the film 'Strange Relations', involves:
-land getting split up among the brothers -the youngest brother getting excluded from the marriage if he is too young -THE POTENTIAL FOR EMOTIONAL HARDSHIP FOR ALL OF THOSE INVOLVED -a women and her sister marrying a band of brothers
Carnival is an example of a __________.
-life-cycle ritual -secular ritual -RITUAL OF INVERSION -universal ritual
Flinn's article 'Reflections of a Shy Ethnographer' illustrates that:
-linguistic diversity is present even among cultures with relatively few members -ALL ARE TRUE -kinship patterns across cultures can be different -shyness can be an asset during fieldwork
In the film 'Strange Relations', the first segment in North Africa tells a 'love marriage' story from a culture that practices which type of kinship:
-matrilineal polygamy -unilineal polygyny -patrilineal polyandry -PATRILINEAL POLYGYNY
A common feature of people who take on "third gender roles" among Native American cultures is:
-none of the other answers are true because third gender roles are unknown among Native North American cultures. -a higher than usual rate of mental illness -their exclusion from the wider society -THEIR GENERAL ACCEPTANCE BY SOCIETY
All of the following are specific cultural anthropology methods, except:
-participatory Methodologies -focus Groups -ANALYSIS OF HUMAN DNA -participatory Field Methods
Which of the following 'social groups' would not be classified as being in your 'secondary social group'?
-people around the world whose native language is the same as yours -people of your same religious background in a different state - people of your same ethnicity -PEOPLE YOU REGULARLY MEET FOR SOCIAL GATHERINGS
According to the "lifeboat mentality," __________.
-people in a group should all have equal entitlements to resources available -already established immigrants should take responsibility for helping more recent and needy immigrant groups of the same race or ethnicity -THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN A GROUP SHOULD NOT BE INCREASED BECAUSE IT WILL REDUCE RESOURCES AVAILABLE TO THOSE ALREADY IN THE GROUP -the government should provide welfare benefits for the unemployed and poor
The headman of a tribe has declared that certain cuts of meat should be reserved for himself and his family. A member of the tribe challenges this, and points out that meat, as well as other foods, have, according to tradition, always been shared equally among tribe members. The member of the tribe is seeking to bring about action on the basis of __________.
-political organization -authority -INFLUENCE -power
Which of the following is an ascribed status:
-prime minister of England -QUEEN OF ENGLAND -Olympic medal winner -principal of a high school
Human language has the capacity to communicate messages that are about events in the past or future. This feature is called
-productivity -condensation -DISPLACEMENT -kinesics
An anthropologist is studying a village and finds that most of the working-age women are forced, by economic necessity, to leave the village for six months of the year to work manufacturing jobs in a city in an adjoining country. What category of migrant correctly applies to these women?
-refugee -internally displaced person -TRANSNATIONAL MIGRANT -chain migrant
Compared to temperate-climate foragers, circumpolar foragers:
-spend less time and energy on constructing shelters -spend less time and energy procuring food -HAVE A MORE SHARPLY DIFFERENTIATED GENDER DIVISION OF LABOR -rely more on plant food
The ecological/epidemiological approach in medical anthropology involves __________.
-study of the interaction among politics, religion, and health -attention to the symbols that different cultures use to represent natural causes of death -STUDY OF HOW THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT INTERACTS WITH CULTURE TO CAUSE DISEASE -a focus on how genetics influences death and disease
One thing about which most cultural anthropologists agree is:
-that anthropologists should study primarily people's thoughts and ideas -THE IMPORTANCE OF DOING FIELDWORK -whether anthropological fieldwork should proceed inductively or deductively -the definition of culture
Brideprice refers to __________.
-the exchange of women between two matrilineal groups -A GIFT TO THE BRIDE'S FAMILY FROM THE GROOM'S SIDE -the joint contribution by the bride's and groom's families to the couple -a gift to the groom's family from the bride's side
The Hawthorne effect refers to:
-the tendency for respondents to avoid telling the truth about private matters -biases in the data when the researcher doesn't know the language well -the tendency for men to answer questions on behalf of women -THE TENDENCY FOR RESPONDENTS TO CHANGE THEIR BEHAVIOR TO CORRESPOND WITH THE RESEARCHER'S INTERESTS
The current anthropological definition of religion says that it is __________.
-the way that people view the world and their place in it -organized beliefs about God -BELIEFS AND BEHAVIOR CONCERNING SUPERNATURAL BEINGS AND POWERS -a set of ethics (guidelines about proper group behavior)
A typical emic approach might involve the study of:
-time allocation questionnaires -EVENTS THAT HAVE MEANING FOR MEMBERS OF A PARTICULAR CULTURE -census data - material conditions and available resources
The construction of the Three Gorges Dam in China is associated with what migration pattern or concept?
-transnational migration -resilience -DEVELOPMENT-INDUCED DISPLACEMENT -right of return
According to the article on "Baseball Magic" that we read, most U.S. baseball players don't use magic to try to control the outcome of the game but most baseball players in Latin America do.
-true -FALSE
Body modification (which includes piercings, scarification and tattoos) is NOT common among indigenous peoples around the world
-true -FALSE
These days, many more men then women migrate across international borders
-true -FALSE
World population grew faster with the introduction of agriculture (about 10,000 years ago) than at any other time in human history.
-true -FALSE
Neolocal residence for married couples is associated with __________.
-unilineal kinship systems -agricultural societies -THE FORAGING MODE OF LIVELIHOOD -extended households
The main difference between a migrant and a refugee is:
- a.) Where the person is migrating from -B) A REFUGEE HAS A WELL-FOUNDED FEAR OF STAYING IN THEIR HABITUAL RESIDENCE - c.) Where the person is migrating to -d.) How long the person has been away from their habitual residence
When migrants come to places to be near friends and relatives who have already migrated there, this is called,
- circular migration -CHAIN MIGRATION -right of return -a lifeboat mentality
A person's class position is:
- determined mainly by ethnicity -USUALLY MEASURED IN TERMS OF INCOME LEVEL - almost completely ascribed -closely correlated with his/her religion
In the second stage of the Demographic Transition, birth rates _____, while death rates _____.
- increase/decrease -stay the same/increase -STAY THE SAME/FALL DRASTICALLY -decrease/increase
Generalized reciprocity is a mode of exchange that is most typical of __________.
- industrialists -agriculturalists -horticulturalists -FORAGERS
The system of descent in which kinship is traced through the female line is called __________.
- matrilocal -MATRILINEAL - femalineal - matriarchal
Children have the most tasks in which mode of livelihood?
- pastoralism -HORTICULTURE -intensive agriculture -industrial/digital economy
In medical anthropology, "illness" refers to:
- pattern of behavior -all of the above -A PERSON'S PERCEPTIONS AND EXPERIENCES OF CERTAIN SOCIALLY DEVALUED STATES -abnormalities in the structure and/or function of organs and organ systems
Ethnomedicine refers to ___________.
- ways of curing disease rather than preventing it -THE STUDY OF CROSS-CULTURAL HEALTH SYSTEMS -the universal use of medicines to treat illness - the globalization of Western biomedicine
One reason why foragers typically have low rates of population growth is because __________.
-"inbreeding" leads to high rates of genetic problems in infants and high rates of child mortality -BREASTFEEDING OCCURS OVER FREQUENT AND LONG PERIODS OF TIME, THEREBY SUPPRESSING OVULATION -foragers kill most female infants at birth -the men have a deep fear of sexual intercourse as weakening
Which of the following statements, regarding how households and kinship are changing in contemporary times, is false:
-A rise in nuclear households is resulting in a decrease in kinship-based entitlements. -Higher education aspirations are increasing the average age at which women are having children. -THE INCREASE IN INDUSTRIAL/DIGITAL SOCIETIES IS RESULTING IN FEWER NUCLEAR HOUSEHOLDS -Increased migration is resulting in an increase in wedding style syncretism.
Code switching:
-ALL ARE TRUE -Is often associated with elements of glottocentrism -Indicates to the listener that the person speaking has numerous micro cultural affiliations -Involves changing vocabulary, but in the same language
Anthropology is usually divided into four fields, but some people claim that a fifth field, known as ______ anthropology, should be included.
-APPLIED -functionalist -interpretivist -theoretical
_________ is the term for the ability to use force in order to bring about results.
-Authority -Influence -POWER -political organization
A sociolinguist:
-B.) would agree entirely with the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis - C.) would argue that one's language, in part, reflects one's social class and status within society -A and B are correct -A AND C ARE CORRECT -A.) would argue that cultural norms impact language and its uses
The argument that cultures are integrated leads to the claim that a culture should:
-BE STUDIED AS A WHOLE -not be judged by outsiders -be understood as the product of individual agency -not be studied using predetermined categories
According to your text: SEX is a ______ category while GENDER is a ____________ category.
-BIOLOGICAL... CULTURAL -social/evolutionary -cultural/biological -emic/etic
In which country would you expect to find an explicitly "pro-natalist" agenda?
-China--because of concerns about overpopulation -FRANCE-BECAUSE OF ITS STATE-LEVEL POLICIES - None are true -the United States--because of the economic imperatives of consumerism
If you were invited to attend a potlatch among the Kwakwaka'wakw Indians of the Pacific Northwest, you would probably __________.
-EAT A LOT - be expected to bring cash and give to the host -never see those same people again afterwards -come back empty handed
A confederacy is defined as ____________.
-FORMAL ALLIANCE OF CHIEFDOMES -loose alliance of bands - temporary alliance of tribes -larger state formed from semi-autonomous individual states
A factor in high rates of wife abuse in rural Kentucky is __________.
-GEOGRAPHICAL ISOLATION - men's heavy use of marijuana -the relatively high education level among the women -lack of police staffing
Unbalanced exchange includes:
-Gambling -Human trafficking -Market exchange -ALL OF THE ABOVE
Which of the following statements about the Minangkabau culture is accurate?
-IT IS THE WORLD'S LARGEST MATRILINEAL CULTURE - Fewer Minangkabau now practice the kula. -Most Minangkabau are Christians. -The traditional heartland is based in Malaysia
According to the reading, 'Global Women in the New Economy', which of the following factors is contributing to the rise of female migrant workers?
-In the developed world, more women than ever before are in the workforce, which increases the demand for childcare assistance -Lack of public health care in the developed world - The fact that men, in the developed world, did little to increase their contribution to the world of the home -ALL ARE CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
Cross-culturally, women's speech and language patterns:
-Is more polite than men's -Is typically subservient - Often include tag questions -REFLECTS A WOMAN'S POSITION IN SOCIETY
A cultural relativist would view contemporary Nacirema culture as:
-JUST AS INTERESTING AND WORTHY OF STUDY AS ANY OTHER -adaptively superior to any other -more ethical than most others -materialistic, aggressive, and without much worth
Bilineal descent systems are __________.
-LESS COMMON THAN UNILINEAL DESCENT SYSTEMS -always found in pastoralist societies -the most common descent system known -most frequently linked with tropical horticulture
Which of the following is one of the trends that has increased as smaller political organizations have given way to the state?
-LESS RELIANCE ON KINSHIP RELATIONS AS A BASIS OF POLITICAL STRUCTURES -more decentralized residences -less surplus resources and wealth -decreased responsibility of leaders
According to lecture, the following are all elements of Buddhism in Northwest Nepal, except:
-Lighting candles as offerings -Placing prayer flags over sacred spaces -Believing in rebirth -ATTENDING WEEKLY GATHERINGS AT A MONASTERY
Compared with family farming, corporate farming is:
-MORE GEARED TO PRODUCTION FOR SALE -less reliant on capital -more energy-efficient -declining in importance as an economic system in the United States
Magic is __________.
-MOST LIKELY TO BE PRACTICED IN SITUATIONS OF UNCERTAINTY -no longer practiced in any society -more associated with horticultural societies than agricultural societies - more associated with male gender roles in religion than female gender roles
The people depicted in the video we watched (N!ai: Story of a !Kung Woman) and in Gordon's article on "...Anthropological Tourism in Bushmanland"
-NONE OF THE OTHER ANSWERS ARE TRUE -are all better off because of tourism -own their own tourist companies -can use long rifles, but not machine guns to hunt big game
Compared to a family, a household may include __________
-PEOPLE WHO ARE NOT RELATED BY KINSHIP -people who do not live together -fewer than four people - children
An individual with a health issue visits a traditional healer and reports an improved condition even though the visit did not include any explicit treatment. What term best applies to this scenario?
-PLACEBO EFFECT -culture-specific syndrome -somatization -etiology
In cultural anthropology, Band, Tribe, Chiefdom, and State are terms used to describe
-POLITICAL ORGANIZATION -social organization -all are true -economic organization
The term "medical pluralism" refers to the __________.
-PRESENCE OF MULTIPLE HEALTH SYSTEMS WITHIN A SOCIETY -presence of many illnesses in one community - practice, in industrial countries, of a patient consulting several physicians before deciding what to do - growing tendency for Western medical students to overspecialize
According to the code of ethics of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), the anthropologist's first responsibility is to:
-PROTECT THE PEOPLE STUDIED FROM HARM RELATED TO THE RESEARCH -the home country of the anthropologist -the agency that funded the study since they are the ones who paid for it -the host government in the country were the research is conducted
Which of the following is not an example of a psychological need filled by religious belief and action.
-RELIGION GIVES US MORAL CODES FOR LIVING THAT HELP MAINTAIN GOOD RELATIONS WITH OUR NEIGHBORS -Religion provides a way of expressing unconscious desires, wishes, and thoughts -Religion has helped peoples throughout time both explain and deal with our inability to control natural disasters and environmental phenomena like eclipses, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes. -Religion helps us understand the big questions in life: who am I, where did I come from, what will happen when I die.
Leadership in bands is __________.
-Restricted to men - based on a person's knowledge of food sources -maintained through use of power -INFORMAL
The Six Cultures study (discussed in your text and also in lecture) suggested that children in horticultural societies tend to be more __________________ than children in agricultural and industrial societies.
-SELF-SACRIFICING - narcissistic -immature -self-absorbed
An example of the interpretivist approach in medical anthropology is __________.
-SHOWING HOW A SONG SUNG BY A SHAMAN MIGHT HELP A WOMAN THROUGH A DIFFICULT BIRTH -revealing the role poverty plays in disease -studying how hookworm is related to wet rice cultivation in Asia -assessment of the impact of disease during colonial contact
The following is an example of a 'non-verbal' language:
-Sign Language -ALL ARE TRUE -gestures -silence
Political control in state level societies may involve:
-Standing armies -state-sanctioned violence -ALL ARE TRUE -COERCION
Brideservice involves __________.
-THE GROOM WORKING FOR THE BRIDE'S FAMILY -either the bride or groom working for their family of marriage -a payment made from the groom's family to the bride's -the bride working for the groom's family
The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis refers to the idea that
-THE WAY PEOPLE USE LANGUAGE AFFECTS THE WAY THEY THINK -class status is directly related to dialect -the languages that have most similarity are those spoken by people who lived together until the recent past -language acquisition focuses on sound first and meaning second
The United Nations has declared the "right of return" to be an inalienable human right.
-TRUE -false
In our reading "How Dogs Dream...," the article concludes that:
-The Runa believe the dog's dream can tell them about their past -The Runa would never do anything to harm dogs, as they are seen as equals -The Runa only have beliefs about dogs, not other animals -THE RUNA INCLUDE THE DOGS INTO BOTH RELIGIOUS AND SHAMANISTIC ASPECTS OF LIFE
Which of the following is an example of a "pull" factor when considering the reasons that people migrate across international borders?
-The fact that the minimum wage in Mexico is about $6.00/day even though an apartment might cost $500/month. -THE FACT THAT EVEN LOW-PAYING JOBS IN THE US PAY MORE THAN 10X THE DAILY WAGE IN LATIN AMERICA -The fact that one might fear for their life because of civil-wars and state-supported terrorism. -All of these are examples of "pull" factors
Which of the following is a common characteristic of the "Eskimo" kinship terminology system?
-The terminology for aunts and uncles on the mother's side differs from the father's. -DIFFERENT TERMS DISTINGUISH BETWEEN PARENTS AND THE PARENTS' SIBLINGS -It always operates in unilineal descent systems. -The term for "aunt" and "mother" are often the same.
The film 'American Tongues':
-URGES THE VIEWER TO THINK ABOUT WHETHER HE/SHE JUDGES A PERSON BASED ON THEIR DIALECT -presents the stories of numerous Americans who frequently engage in 'code switching' -explores the numerous different languages spoken in America -urges the viewer to accept people that live in the United States though do not speak English
Which of the following statements is true:
-Unilineal descent makes sense in modes where there is a fixed resource base—horticulture, pastoralism, and agriculture—because it provides stability. -ALL ARE CORRECT -Most matrilineal societies are horticulturalists, the mode in which women often have significant responsibility. -Bilineal descent makes sense in foraging societies because it provides flexibility and reflects fluid social arrangements.
The difference between cross-cousins and parallel cousins is defined by what factor?
-Whether the families reside in the same village or immediate area. -Whether the cousin's parents are the ego's parents' siblings or the ego's parents' cousins. -THE GENDER OF THE EGO'S PARENT OF WHOM THE COUSIN'S PARENT IS A SIBLING -The gender of the ego's parents' sibling that is the parent of the cousin.
The film we watched in class, 'Between Two Worlds', illustrated that:
a.) the Hmong offered animals for healing and religious purposes b.) many Hmong immigrants had high-status jobs in their home country, though had to 'start over' when the arrived in the U.S. c.) the Hmong spent a lot of time teaching Christians in the U.S. their shamanic practices A AND B ARE CORRECT
