ALLH 220 Final
According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, added sugar intake should be limited to less than _____ % of total daily calories. 10 30 25 5
10
According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, saturated fat intake should be limited to less than _____% of total daily calories. -20 -5 -30 -10
10
Amanda consumes approximately 2500 kcal/day. According to recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines (2015-2020), she should limit her saturated fat intake to fewer than ____ kcal/day.
250
Which of the following foods is a high-quality protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins? 1 ounce of baby carrots ½ cup of watermelon chunks 6 whole-wheat crackers 8 ounce glass of soy milk
8 ounce glass of soy milk
Joshua has type 2 diabetes, and he does not control his blood glucose levels. As a result of his lack of control, which of the following conditions is he most likely to develop? Blindness Irritable bowel syndrome Cystic fibrosis Lactose intolerance
Blindness
The ____ is responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications. EPA FDA FTC NRC
FDA
Pellagra is an infectious disease. T or F
False
Which of the following statements is true? -A person's diet is influenced by his or her blood type, birth order, and sustainability. -Nutrients are life-sustaining phytochemicals in food. -Most people are born with the ability to choose a nutritious diet. -In the United States, poor eating habits contribute to some of the ten leading causes of death.
In the United States, poor eating habits contribute to some of the ten leading causes of death.
Which of the following statements is true? The results of one study are usually enough to convince nutrition scientists to adopt new ideas about nutrition-related topics. It is not unusual for similar studies, especially those involving human subjects, to have different findings. Since 1970, nutrition information has undergone few updates, because scientists have discovered all of the nutrients and determined their functions. Dietary recommendations are generally based on the findings of one team of nutrition researchers.
It is not unusual for similar studies, especially those involving human subjects, to have different findings.
Which of the following periodicals features peer-reviewed articles? -Men's Journal -Journal of the American Medical Association -National Geographic Magazine -Ladies Home Journal
Journal of the American Medical Association
Lactose is the disaccharide in _______.
Milk
Which of the following is NOT a common marketing tactic to encourage consumers to purchase manufactured foods? Nutrition information posted next to fresh fruits and vegetables In-store product sampling demonstrations Attractive packaging Product placement at the end of supermarket aisles
Nutrition information posted next to fresh fruits and vegetables
Which of the following statements is true? -A group of scientists at the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics developed the DRIs. -The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake. -Recommended Dietary Allowances meet the nutrient needs of 50% of healthy people. -Nutrient requirements are the same, regardless of a person's age or sex.
The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake
After absorption, amino acids travel to the liver via the hepatic portal vein. True False
True
The process of adding vitamins A and D to milk is called fortification. True False
True
Which of the following substances is NOT a macronutrient? -Fat -Vitamin C -Carbohydrate -Protein
Vitamin C
Derek takes protein supplements before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the supplements to his diet. His report about the effects of the supplements is an example of a(n) ______. -anecdote -factoid -variable -case report
anecdote
Proteins _____________. -are stored as glycogen in the body -have phosphorus in their chemical structures -are comprised of amino acids -provide 7 kcal/g
are comprised of amino acids
Justin's blood cholesterol level is too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add? Milk Liver Beans White rice
beans
Which of the following foods is an excellent source of heme iron? Beef steak Broccoli Fat-free milk Corn oil margarine
beef steak
Scientists study 200 adults who have type 2 diabetes, and 200 adults who have similar characteristics but do not have the disease. For 18 months, the researchers collect lifestyle information on all the study participants. According to the study's findings, the adults with type 2 diabetes were 25% less physically active than their counterparts who did not have type 2 diabetes. This is an example of a(n) _____ study. inverse relationship prospective anecdotal case-control
case control
The body uses proteins to make _____________. trans fats certain hormones calcium carbonate magnesium ions
certain hormones
A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid _____________. -lying down after meals -eating foods that contain phenylalanine taking dietary supplements that contain -homocysteine -consuming foods that contain gluten
consuming foods that contain gluten
Dehydration can cause _________. diabetes hypoglycemia death cirrhosis
death
Consuming too much protein or excess amino acids can contribute to _____________. coronary artery disease stroke dehydration arthritis
dehydration
_____ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and, as a result, the molecule loses its usual function. Denaturation Protonation Filtration Hydrogenation
denaturation
Lynn wants to estimate the grams of carbohydrate in a sugar sweetened soft drink that supplies 200 kcal. The soft drink contains no fiber, protein, fat, or alcohol. To obtain this value, she should... -divide the number of kcal by 9 -multiply the number per serving by 9 -divide the number of kcal by 4 -multiply the number of kcal by 4
divide the number of kcal by 4
Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12? Peanuts Whole-wheat bread Apples Eggs
eggs
Carbohydrate absorption occurs almost exclusively in the stomach. True False
false
Lipids include phospholipids, sterols, and amino acids. True False
false
In the body, lipids _____. help maintain cell membranes contribute to proper body hydration stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals are necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber
help maintain cell membranse
In the United States, _____ deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency. selenium calcium iron magnesium
iron
Which of the following is a micronutrient? Glucose Protein Fat Iron
iron
For the past 4 years, 23-year-old Maggie has been losing a lot of blood during her menstrual periods. Based on this information, which of the following conditions is she most likely to develop? Osteoporosis Iron deficiency Hemochromatosis Pellagra
iron deficiency
Osteoporosis is characterized by _________. keratinization and death of epithelial cells immature red blood cells that lack hemoglobin loss of bone mass and structure defective collagen production
loss of bone mass and structure
Which of the following conditions are signs or symptoms of pellagra? -Nasal congestion and trouble breathing -Blurred vision and dry eyes -Constipation and mild fever -Mental confusion and scaly skin sores
mental confusion and scaly skin sores
A diet that supplies adequate amounts of nutrients prevents ______. saturation of cells with nutrients storage of fat-soluble vitamins in body fat storage of minerals in bone nutrient-deficiency disorders
nutrient-deficiency disorders
Although Jerome and Joseph are the same age, weight and height; Jerome requires more vitamin C than Joseph. This is an example of _____________. nutrigenetics nutrifanatics nutrigenomics nutripronomics
nutrigenetics
Scientists enroll 500 healthy adults in a study and collect dietary and other lifestyle information about the group. After 6 years, the scientists determine that study participants who ate at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily were less likely to develop high blood pressure than participants who ate fewer than 5 servings of these foods daily. This study is an example of a(n) ____ study. prospective nutritive introspective retrospective
prospective
Food guides usually classify sunflower and other seeds in the _____ group. -grains -protein -fruits -dairy
protein
Plant-based diets may not supply enough ____ to meet a child's needs. vitamin C sodium protein fiber
protein
A group of scientists suspects that certain dietary practices are partially responsible for different rates of hypertension among adults of different ethnic/racial groups. To test their hypothesis, the researchers examine data concerning the different population groups' hypertension rates and their past dietary practices. This research is a _____ study. prospective hypothetical retrospective case-control
retrospective
Which of the following nutrients is a trace mineral? Phosphorus Zinc Calcium Potassium
zinc
Max wants to increase his intake of vitamin C without taking a dietary supplement. When he shops for food, he reads Nutrition Facts labels. Which of the following kinds of information will help him choose foods that are the richest sources of vitamin C? %DVs Structure/function claims Country of origin information Organic food logo
%DVs
Which of the following foods is the most energy dense per serving? -4-ounce chocolate doughnut -8 ounces fat-free milk -½ cup fresh strawberries -3 ounces baked chicken
-4-ounce chocolate doughnut
Instructions for making proteins are coded in a cell's _____________. DNA plasma membrane golgi apparatus ribosomes
DNA
Which of the following statements is true? -People who consume less than the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of a nutrient have a high risk of developing the nutrient's toxicity disorder. -People can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the Estimated Energy Requirement. -Nutrition scientists have established RDAs for all essential nutrients. -People who consume 90% of the RDA for iron regularly are likely to develop an iron deficiency.
People can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the Estimated Energy Requirement.
Which of the following is NOT related to a key nutrition concept? -Nutrition recommendations are constantly changing. -People should consume a variety of foods in reasonable amounts and balance their calorie intake with their physical activity level. -Malnutrition applies to obesity as well as starvation. -The best way for people to obtain all the essential nutrients is to consume dietary supplements.
The best way for people to obtain all the essential nutrients is to consume dietary supplements.
Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does NOT supply any energy for the human body? -alcohol -Vitamin D -Carbohydrate -Fat
Vitamin D
The professional football star Andro "The Man" McGraw claims the dietary supplement AminoProFix helped him build muscle mass quickly and safely. His endorsement of the product is an example of ______. -a testimonial -unbiased reporting -a scientifically valid claim -peer review
a testimonial
Dental fluorosis is characterized by _____. immature red blood cells that lack hemoglobin keratinization and death of epithelial cells defective collagen production abnormal changes in the appearance of tooth enamel
abnormal changes in the appearance of tooth enamel
Which of the following statements about calcium is false? The calcium in dairy products is well absorbed by the body. A person's calcium intake early in life can affect his or her bone density later. After bones are formed early in life, the body has no need for calcium. Adolescents should consume adequate dairy products to build strong bones.
after bones are formed early in life, the body has no need for calcium
Don recorded his food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze his diet. According to the results of the analysis, his average daily saturated fat intake was 5% of total calories and his average daily unsaturated fat intake was 12% of total calories. Based on this information, his total fat intake is ______ the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.
below
The thiamin-deficiency disease is known as _____. Beriberi Dengue fever Ricket Scoliosis
beriberi
The liver uses cholesterol to make _____. vitamin A fatty acids water bile
bile
person's _____ is not a major influence for his or her food selection practices. place of residence blood type health status mood
blood type
Which of the following plant oils contains the highest amount of saturated fat per tablespoon? Walnut oil Safflower oil Coconut oil Canola oil
coconut oil
If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need, the excess can be _______. eliminated in feces converted into fat and stored converted to proteins that are metabolized for energy metabolized to form urea and excreted by the kidneys
converted into fat and stored
Clayton is a 19-year-old college student. He avoids milk, because he claims drinking the beverage upsets his stomach and gives him intestinal "gas." However, he can eat yogurt and certain types of cheese without experiencing any symptoms. Based on this information, Clayton probably has _______. lactose intolerance botulism poisoning cystic fibrosis amylase deficiency
lactose intolerance
The _____ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme. lower stomach esophageal sphincter large intestine pyloric valve
large intestine
A chylomicron is a type of _____. phospholipid fatty acid sterol lipoprotein
lipoprotein
The _____ is an accessory organ of the digestive system. epiglottis liver jejunum colon
liver
Every amino acid has _____ in its chemical structure.
nitrogen
Vitamin D helps the body absorb _____________. magnesium and iodine iron and copper sodium and potassium phosphorus and calcium
phosphorus and calcium
Which of the following nutrients helps the body maintain normal fluid balance? Fluoride Potassium Copper Iron
potassium
Maintenance of normal intracellular fluid volume depends largely on the intracellular concentration of _____ ions. sulfide and bromide oxide and nitride potassium and phosphate hydride and iodide
potassium and phosphate
Which of the following is not a water-soluble vitamin? Vitamin A Folate Biotin
vitamin a
Antonio has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce his likelihood of developing heartburn, his physician recommended that he _____. -increase his intake of solid fats -take a multivitamin/multimineral pill before meals -decrease his intake of fruits and vegetables -avoid overeating during meals
-avoid overeating during meals
Lily is 22 years of age. She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day. According to AMDR guidelines, protein should comprise ____% of her total energy intake. 30 to 55 40 to 65 10 to 35 20 to 45
10 to 35
Felix generally consumes about 2300 kcal/day. He wants to reduce the amount of added sugars in his diet to meet the recommendation for added sugar intake, according to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines. Based on this information, Felix will limit his daily intake of added sugars to less than ______ kcal.
230
Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol? VLDL Chylomicron HDL LDL
LDL
Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information? purdue.edu eatright.org choosemyplate.gov dietsnomore4u.com
dietsnomore4u.com
Sodium is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ____________. energy metabolism regulation of fluid balance muscle contraction and relaxation transmission of nerve impulses
energy metabolism
Which of the following statements is FALSE? Fat-soluble vitamins are generally more toxic than water-soluble vitamins. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are digested and absorbed with fats in the gastrointestinal tract. It is easier for the body to eliminate water-soluble vitamins compared to fat-soluble vitamins. Energy metabolism is an important function of fat-soluble vitamins.
energy metabolism is an important function of fat soluble vitamins
Scientists who investigate lifestyle factors that influence the prevalence of obesity among different population groups are conducting a(n) ____ study. -pathological -in vitro -technological -epidemiological
epidemiological
Hypoglycemia is a condition that occurs when the blood glucose level is too high. True False
false
Which of the following statements is true? Adding fat to a food reduces the food's "mouth feel." Each gram of fat contributes 4 kcal. Fat contributes to the flavor of foods. Food fat is not a source of essential nutrients.
fat contributes to the flavor of foods
Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of high-quality protein? Sesame seed crackers Avocado with leafy greens salad Soybean oil Fat-free milk
fat free milk
Which of the following foods is a natural source of vitamin D? Fresh fruit Dark orange and yellow vegetables Whole-grain breads and cereals Fatty fish and fish oils
fatty fish and fish oils
Rebecca has hypertension. To help lower her blood pressure, she should _________. consume more foods that contain iron and zinc follow the DASH diet reduce her potassium intake follow a high-glycemic diet
follow the DASH diet
The human body needs vitamin K to _____________.
form active blood clotting factors
Which of the following foods is not a good source of calcium? Fat-free yogurt Raw kale Canned sardines Fried chicken
fried chicken
Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K? Green leafy vegetables Processed poultry products Citrus fruit Enriched breads
green leafy vegetables
Barry is a vegan. His diet does not include foods that contain preformed vitamin A, and he does not take any vitamin A supplements. Nevertheless, his body has adequate vitamin A stores. Which of the following statements provides the best explanation for Barry's adequate vitamin A status? His body does not require sources of vitamin A. He eats plenty of foods that contain beta-carotene. His fat cells synthesize preformed vitamin A from essential fatty acids. He consumes foods that supply tryptophan, which his liver converts to preformed vitamin A.
he eats plenty of foods that contain beta-carotene
In the stomach, _____ participate in the chemical digestion of protein. mucus and cholecystokinin pancreatic amylase and intrinsic factor gastric lipase and intrinsic factor hydrochloric acid and pepsin
hydrochloric acid and pepsin
According to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines, which of the following minerals is a nutrient of public health concern for pregnant females? Nickel Iron Selenium Silicon
iron
Which of the following foods is the best source of preformed vitamin A? Soybeans Carrots Apples Liver
liver
B vitamins generally function as _____. hormones structural components of body cells neurotransmitters parts of coenzymes
parts of coenzymes
Sam wants to lower his risk of cancer. According to scientific studies, consuming ____ may increase his risk of this chronic disease. brussels sprouts citrus fruit processed meats onions
processed meats
In the human body, water is involved in _________. providing energy for physical activities regulating body temperature protecting DNA from oxidizing agents making mineral nutrients
regulating body temperature
To reduce her intake of added sugar, Isabelle should _______. consume more refined sources of carbohydrates consume energy drinks instead of coffee replace regular soft drinks with plain water increase her intake of beverages sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup
replace regular soft drinks with plain water
Which of the following foods contains cholesterol? Roast pork Green beans White potato Ripe banana
roast pork
Calcitonin _________. enables glucose to enter cells signals osteoblasts to remove excess calcium from blood enhances bone tissue loss increases the body's rate of potassium excretion
signals osteoblasts to remove excess calcium from blood
Which of the following statements is true? Excessive intakes of vitamin D cause rickets in children. Vitamin D is necessary for proper collagen formation. Pellagra is the vitamin D deficiency disorder in adults. Skin can form prohormone vitamin D after being exposed to sunlight.
skin can form prohormone vitamin D after being exposed to sunligh
Which of the following statements is true? -the colon is the major site of nutrient absorption in the human digestive system -lean people have a higher risk of gallstones than fat people -the esophagus is the muscular valve that connects the stomach to the small intestine -the pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chime enters the small intestine
the pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chime enters the small intestine
The RDA for iron is 8 mg and 18 mg, for young men and women, respectively. Based on this information, iron is a ____ mineral. conditionally essential trace possible essential major
trace
A nutrient requirement is the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutritional health. True False
true
Vitamin E is involved in maintaining immune system function. True False
true
_____ are fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamins B-12, B-6, and E Vitamins K, D, and A Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin Pantothenic acid, vitamin E, and choline
vitamins K, D and A
Which of the following nutrients is a trace mineral? Potassium Phosphorus Calcium Zinc
zinc
The risk of developing cardiovascular diseases can be reduce by doing which of the following? (Check all that apply.) Participating in a daily exercise Increasing fiber intake Increasing refined carbohydrate intake Replacing saturated fats with monounsaturated fats in the diet
-participating in a daily exercise -increasing fiber intake -increasing refined carbohydrate intake
According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, most healthy people should limit their daily sodium intake to less than ______ mg/day. 1000 2300 300 4300
2300
Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins? Stir-frying in a small amount of oil Boiling in a saucepan of water Steaming in a vegetable steamer Microwaving in little or no water
boiling in a saucepan of water
A primary function of the digestive system is the ______. -breakdown of food into nutrients -production of red blood cells -destruction of toxic metabolic by-products -transmission of nervous impulses
breakdown of food into nutrients
Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C? Whole-wheat bread Ground beef Fat-free milk Broccoli
broccoli
Which of the following statements is true? Cells produce water as a by-product of metabolism. Most of the water that enters the digestive tract is excreted in feces. Water and beverages comprise 100% of a person's total water intake. In general, fruits and vegetables are less than 25% water by weight.
cells produce water as a by-product of metabolism
Which of the followings statements is true? Trans fatty acids are naturally in many foods. The human body can convert simple carbohydrates into alpha-linolenic acid. A saturated fatty acid has one double bond within its hydrocarbon chain. Certain fish, such as salmon, are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids.
certain fish, such as salmon, are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids
Betty is constipated; she generally has bowel movements only twice a week. To help relieve her constipation without taking medications, Betty should _______. reduce her intake of fruits and vegetables restrict her fluid intake increase her intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber use colon cleansing enemas daily
increase her intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber
When consumed with certain plant foods, vitamin C enhances the absorption of _____. iron niacin riboflavin calcium
iron
For several years, Corey has sufferered from intermittent abdominal pain along with bouts of diarrhea and constipation. According to Corey, his "bad guts" worsen whenever he is "stressed out" or eats certain foods, especially raw fruit and baked beans. His doctor has determined that his intestinal tract is not inflamed. Based on this information, Corey probably has _____. gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) irritable bowel syndrome ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease
irritable bowel syndrome
Eating diets that contain high amounts of certain kinds of fat raise the risk of developing heart disease. Thus, a diet that supplies an excessive amount of such fats is a ____ for heart disease. hypothetical variable dietary modulator risk factor nutritional determinant
risk factor
Which of the following menu items does not contain complementary protein? Kidney beans mixed with rice Pita bread dipped in mashed chickpeas Whole-wheat crackers spread with soy nut butter Salad made with apples, pears, and grapes
salad made with apples, pears, and grapes
Chyme is the _____. material absorbed by lacteals that the liver must detoxify and excrete organelle that maintains fluid balance within intestinal cells semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach large particle that transports lipids throughout the bloodstream
semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach
Lola doesn't like to cook, so she eats fast food at least three times a week. When she doesn't eat fast food, she opens a can of soup and makes a ham and cheese sandwich. For snacks, she prefers processed cheese cubes, potato chips, and pretzels. Based on this information, her diet is very high in _________. potassium sodium beta-carotene vitamin D
sodium
Maintenance of normal extracellular fluid volume depends largely on the extracellular concentration of _____ ions. hydride and bromide nitrogen and potassium sodium and chloride iodide and sulfide
sodium and chloride
Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate? Glucose Soluble fiber High-fructose corn syrup Lactose
soluble fiber
Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving? Grape drink Olive oil Soy milk French fries
soy milk
Salivary glands secrete amylase, an enzyme that enables a minor amount of _____ to be digested in the mouth. water alcohol starch protein
starch
Refined carbohydrates do not satisfy hunger as well as proteins and fats, which may lead to an excessive consumption of calories. True False
true
The vitamin effective in treating pellagra is ______. biotin niacin vitamin K ascorbic acid
niacin
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone that _____. enables glucose to enter muscle cells stimulates the gallbladder to secrete bile into the small intestine decreases the excretion of sodium ions from kidneys increases the production of salivary amylase
stimulates the gallbladder to secrete bile into the small intestine
A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3 g protein, 5 g fat, 5 mg vitamin C, and 100 ml water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies _____ kcal. 107 117 87 97
117
Scientists conduct a study in which 100 adults with chronic diarrhea are divided into 2 groups of 50 people. One group is given a supply of yogurt that contains a certain kind of bacteria, and the other group is given yogurt that is bacteria free. The study's participants and researchers do not know which group of subjects has the bacteria in the yogurt and which group does not. The scientists instruct the participants to eat the entire 8 ounces of yogurt once a day for a month and record the their bowel habits. This is an example of a(n) ____ study. introspective hypothetical double-blind uncontrolled
double blind
Which of the following statements is true? Protein-energy malnutrition affects babies while they are breastfeeding. In the United States, teenagers have the greatest risk of protein-energy malnutrition. Compared to children in other parts of the world, impoverished children in the United States have the highest risk of protein-energy malnutrition. Edema is a major sign of protein-energy malnutrition.
edema is a major sign of protein-energy malnutrition
Which of the following minerals is associated with a reduced risk of dental caries? Fluoride Arsenic Selenium Iodine
fluoride
Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrates. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more _____ than normal. ketone bodies vitamin C glycogen stores muscle fibers
ketone bodies
Subcutaneous fat does not _____. stimulate red blood cell production protect against minor bruising store energy insulate the body against cold temperatures
stimulate red blood cell production
Phil is a participant in a study designed to examine the effects of taking a dietary supplement on muscle tissue development. Phil suspects he is in the experimental group, because he is certain his muscles are bigger and stronger as a result of taking the product supplied by the researchers. When the study is completed, Phil learns that he did not receive the dietary supplement. Phil thinks the researchers made a mistake—he is certain his muscle mass increased while he took the supplement. According to this information, Phil's belief that his physical condition improved while he participated in the study is an example of ______. participant fatigue human subject bias an anecdotal report the placebo effect
the placebo effect
True or False If Kara's body weight is 120 pounds, her RDA for protein is approximately 44 g.
True
Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins? In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins. The body has higher requirements for fat-soluble vitamins. In general, water-soluble vitamins are more likely to be stored in the body than fat-soluble vitamins. The body has higher requirements for water-soluble vitamins.
in general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins
Which of the following statements is true? Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber. Dietary fiber includes the stringy material found in tough, overcooked meat. Most forms of fiber are comprised of fructose molecules bonded together. Scientists classify forms of fiber according to their solubility in oil.
most americans do not consume enough dietary fiber
An essential nutrient -must be supplied by the diet -is not in empty-calorie food -is only in fortified foods -is only in foods from animal sources
must be supplied by the diet
_____ are water-soluble vitamins. Pantothenic acid, vitamin A, and choline Vitamins B-12, B-6, and E Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin Vitamins K, D, and E
niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin
An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is _____________. headaches swollen tongue night blindness hair loss
night blindness
Jameela is an Iranian woman living in poverty. She is not seen in public places without being covered almost completely in heavy veils. Her usual diet is comprised of legumes, small amounts of yogurt, whole-grain breads and rice, fruits, and a few vegetables. Based on this information, Jameela is most at risk of _____________. beriberi scurvy osteomalacia pellagra
osteomalacia
Which of the following hormones acts to increase calcium absorption and decrease urinary calcium excretion? Insulin Antidiuretic hormone Glucagon Parathyroid hormone
parathyroid hormone
Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal protein? Vegetable salad with greens and baby carrots ½ cup of apple and watermelon chunks Slice of American cheese Peanut butter on crackers
peanut butter on crackers
Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called _____. segmentation gluconeogenesis lipolysis peristalsis
peristalsis
Your best friend eats plenty of meats and dairy products but avoids eating fruits and vegetables. She bruises easily, her sores take a long time to heal, and her gums bleed when she brushes her teeth. Based on this information, which of the following vitamins is most likely to be deficient in her diet? Vitamin C Vitamin B-12 Vitamin B-6 Pantothenic acid
vitamin C
Chase is a 22-year-old college student. According to recommendations of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), fat should comprise _____% of his total energy intake each day. rev: 03_11_2016_QC_CS-45468 5 to 10 35 to 45 20 to 35 10 to 20
20-35
The typical vegetarian diet supplies high amounts of _____________.
vitamin C
A group of registered dietitians is planning to conduct a scientific study to investigate the effects of eating honey on school-age children's behavior. At first, the researchers will ______. identify relationships between variables make observations gather data analyze the hypothesis
make observations
According to Shawn's physician, Shawn has a high risk of _____ because his waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure consistently measures 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg, and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl. cystic fibrosis metabolic syndrome diverticulitis constipation
metabolic syndrome
When she prepares food, Felicia wants to use a product that is a rich source of unsaturated fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should she select? Unsalted butter Cream cheese Olive oil Coconut oil
olive oil
If the epiglottis is not fully closed, food enters the trachea, blocking the windpipe which may cause the person to lose consciousness and die. True False
true
The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are _____. maltose, ribose, and galactose fructose, lactose, and hexose monophosphate glucose, galactose, and mannose galactose, glucose, and fructose
galactose, glucose, and fructose
Max wants to restrict the added sugar intake of his 5-year-old son. He should _______. give the child low-fat milk with meals and snacks instead of regular soft drinks encourage the child to consume more energy drinks serve more foods that are sources of refined carbohydrates replace his son's favorite fruit juices with fruit ades or drinks
give the child low-fat milk with meals and snacks instead of regular soft drinks
Which of the following characteristics increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)? Female sex Asian ancestry Higher than average intakes of calcium Type 2 diabetes
type 2 diabetes
The human body can absorb some of the _____ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria. thiamin vitamin A riboflavin vitamin K
vitamin K
Becky's 2-year-old son can't walk because he was born with spina bifida. To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with this birth defect or related disorders, Becky should _____. consume green leafy vegetables, drink orange juice, and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant eat at least 3 ounces of fatty fish three times a week, take vitamin A and D supplements, and drink more fat-free milk during the first three months of pregnancy take iron, zinc, and magnesium supplements during the first month of pregnancy, then eat more whole-grain breads and cereals for the remaining months of the pregnancy take pantothenic acid, B-6, and B-12 supplements before getting pregnant
consume green leafy vegetables, drink orange juice, and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant
A refined grain product that has iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid added to replace amounts lost during processing has been ____________. enhanced enriched supplemented fortified
enriched
Phil is a healthy college student. When he wakes up in the morning, he can't wait to eat breakfast. While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages, his pancreas secretes _____ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits. thyroxin insulin aldosterone glucagon
glucagon
The introduction of iodized salt in the 1920s dramatically reduced rates of _____ in the United States. anemia pellagra goiter hypogonadism
goiter
Which of the following statements is false? Goiter often occurs among populations living in areas that lack the mineral iodine. Iodine is required for normal function of the thyroid gland. Adding iodide to table salt has reduced the prevalence of goiter. Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland and is a result of cancer.
goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland and is a result of cancer
_____ is the most biologically active form of vitamin A in the body. Alpha-tocopherol Retinol Lutein Beta-carotene
retinol
In the United States, newborns receive an injection of _____ to prevent _____. niacin; pellagra vitamin C; collagen breakdown vitamin K; bleeding thiamin; beriberi
vitamin K bleeding
April wants to add _____ to her salad, because the food is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fats. coconut oil cheddar cheese walnuts bread cubes
walnuts