Alternation of Generations Quiz

Monoecious

Refers to whether separate individuals of a specific plant or animal specie are bisexual.

Dioecious

Refers to whether separate individuals of a specific plant or animal specie is either male or female.

Archegonium

The female sex organ in a gametangium (This is similar to an animal's ovaries).

Antheridium

The male sex organ in a gametangium (This is similar to an animals testes).

Microsporangium

The term for a sporangium which produces (male) microspores.

Vascular plants

These are plants which have plant tissues (xylem and phloem), that conduct nutrients and water into plants and ferns.

Meiosis

This is a form of eukaryotic cell division which produces haploid sex cells, or gametes (which contain a single copy of each chromosome), from diploid cells.

Mitosis

This is a form of eukaryotic cell division which produces two daughter cells with the same genetic component as the parent cell.

Asexual reproduction

This is a form of reproduction in which offspring is created by a single organism, and the offspring inherit genes from the single parent only. Plants which undergo asexual reproduction include strawberries, blackberries, and dandelions.

Chlorophyll

This is a green pigment which can be found in green plants in cyanobacteria. It is responsible for for the absorption of light which provides energy for photosynthesis.

Spore

This is a haploid cell which will grow into the haploid gametophyte.

Apical meristem

This is a meristem located at the the tips of shoots and roots of all vascular plants. They can create three kinds of primary meristems, which will in turn produce mature primary tissues for the plant.

Plant

This is a multicellular eukaryotic organism which has cell walls made of cellulose, contain chlorophyll which enable to them to make their own food using photosynthesis, and have a life cycle called alternation of generations.

Zygote

This is a single, diploid cell which is produced by the conjunction of a sperm and an egg inside the archegonium of a plant. This cell will develop into a sporophyte

Megasporangium

This is a sporangium which produces (female) megaspores.

Megaspore

This is a spore which develops into a female gametophyte.

Microspore

This is a spore which develops into a male gametophyte.

Gametophyte

This is a term for a haploid plant which produces gametes via mitosis.

Eukaryote

This is a term for any organism whose cells have a cell nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes. Eukaryotes belong to the domain Eukaryota or Eukarya, and can be unicellular or multicellular organisms.

Vascular tissue

This is a type of tissue which makes up the roots and leaves of the plant. There are two kinds of vascular tissue: xylem, which transports water, and phloem, which transports food.

Phloem

This is the kind of vascular tissue which transports food to the plant.

Xylem

This is the kind of vascular tissue which transports water to the plant.

Meristem

This is the tissue in which cell division takes place in vascular plants.

Embryophyte

This term refers to any plant member of the subkingdom Embryobionta, having an enclosed embryo, as with a seed or archegonium. These include ferns, gymnosperms, bryophytes, and angiosperms.

Alternation of Generations

This term refers to the life cycle of most plants in which the generations alternate between haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophytes. All embryophytes and some algae undergo this process.

Haploid

A cell containing one set of chromosomes.

Diploid

A cell containing two sets of chromosomes.

Sporophyte

A diploid plant which produces spores via meiosis.

Sporophyll

A distinct leaf which bears sporangia on the leaf blade.

Angiosperm

A flowering plant.

Gametangium

A generic term for a multi-cellular plant sex organ.

Gymnosperm

A plant with a seed not enclosed in an ovary.

Lateral meristem

A secondary meristem which is responsible for secondary growth, which is increase in stem thickness.

Stomata

A small pore in the epidermis of the leaf or stem of a plant. This pore is of a variable size, and it allows the movement of gasses in and out of the plant.

Megasporophyll

A sporophyll bearing megaspores.

Microsporophyll

A sporophyll bearing microspores.

Gamete

A term referring to a haploid ovum (female) or sperm (male)

Sporangium

An area within the sporophyte where diploid cells undergo the process of meiosis to become haploid spores.