Am. Nat. Gov: Chapter 4 (Civil Liberties)

Basic political freedoms that protect citizens from governmental abuses of power are called civil liberties, while things the government must do to ensure that citizens are protected from discrimination are called civil rights.

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Freedom of religion is one of several civil liberties protected in the first ten amendments to the Constitution, known as the Bill of Rights. The First Amendment specifically addresses religious freedom and freedom of speech

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Over the past 50 years, Congress has established restrictions on money in political campaigns, but the Supreme Court has reversed many of them. This is largely because political donations are considered a form of protected speech.

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The Bill of Rights initially applied to the national government(s), whereas today the Bill of Rights applies to the national and state government(s).

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The Miller test determines whether the government is allowed to restrict material that it believes to be obscene.

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Why was a Bill of Rights added to the Constitution?

antifederalists demanded it for ratification of constitution

Which of the following are parts of the Lemon test?

- Does the practice foster an excessive government entanglement with religion? - Does the practice advance or inhibit religion? - Does the practice have a secular legislative purpose?

Which of the following falls under the exclusionary rule?

- Illegally or unconstitutionally acquired evidence cannot be used in a trial. - Suspect confessions given without proper reading of Miranda rights cannot be used at trial.

Which of the following statements about civil liberties are correct?

- Protections of civil liberties can vary depending on the political environment. - The courts revisit old decisions on what behavior is permissible.

Which of the following statements about selective incorporation are correct?

- Selective incorporation involves applying Bill of Rights protections to state governments. - Selective incorporation has occurred in surges rather than smoothly or incrementally.

Why are the Miranda rights important?

- The Miranda rights remind citizens that they can use a lawyer in their defense. - The Miranda rights remind citizens that there are lawyers paid for by the government to act on their defense. - The Miranda rights notify citizens that they have protection from self-incrimination.

Which of the following statements about the death penalty are correct?

- The Supreme Court has banned the death penalty. - Death penalty usage and sentences have decreased over time. - The Supreme Court has restricted the cases in which the death penalty can be applied.

Which practices has the Court considered unacceptable, as they violate Fourth Amendment protections?

- placing GPS trackers on cars - searching and seizing a cell phone during an arrest

Which of the following rights appeared in the original text of the Constitution, before the addition of the Bill of Rights?

- prohibition against ex post facto laws - guarantee of habeas corpus

Which amendment to the Constitution allows the Supreme Court to selectively incorporate the other amendments so that they also apply to state governments?

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Time, manner, and place restrictions in the regulation of freedom of __________ are allowable as long as they do not show favoritism towards certain groups.

Assembly

Which case formally established the right to privacy?

Griswold v. Connecticut

Which of these cases dealt with a right to privacy?

Griswold v. Connecticut Roe v. Wade

How does the "wall of separation" apply to the establishment clause?

The "wall of separation" refers to the dissociation between church and state.

Selective incorporation was an uneven process that progressed in fits and starts.

True

The government can forbid snake handling in fundamentalist Christian church services.

True

Roe v. Wade was one of the most controversial court cases of the 1900s. It dealt with access to __________.

abortion

Basic political freedoms that protect citizens from governmental abuses of power are known as which of the following?

civil liberties

Which terms are associated with the freedom of religion?

free exercise clause Lemon test establishment clause

Which of the following best describes the pattern of court cases dealing with the right to bear arms over the course of our nation's history?

the court did not deal with many gun control cases until the twenty-first century

Which First Amendment freedom has the Court said the government should avoid any "excessive entanglement" with?

freedom of religion

Which of the three branches of government is responsible for determining whether a government action violates civil liberties?

judicial

Imagine you are the editor at a major daily newspaper. The government finds out that you are about to run a story detailing sensitive government information, and so they sue you to prevent you from publishing it. The government is attempting to engage in which kind of censorship?

prior restraint

What is one of the key trade-offs in civil liberty cases?

public goods versus individual freedom of sep

Why is the doctrine of strict scrutiny important to free speech?

strict scrutiny forces the government to prove a reason for restricting speech

If someone printed a leaflet urging Americans to resist the military draft, this would violate which free speech test(s)?

the clear and present danger test