American Catholicism Quiz 2
Why were so many Euro-American Catholics either pro-Confederacy, or at least not anti-Confederacy? Or, to turn the question around, why did so many abolitionists see Catholics as aligned with pro-slavery forces?
A good portion of them already had slaves and very traditional values. Religion tried to be neutral (not specifically protestant versus catholic); Most Caths either pro or neutral-gave hierarchy/order during time of French Rev
During the 19th century, why was elementary school education so often a point of contention between Catholic and Protestant Americans?
America had set up a public school system that prided itself in building the next generation of americans, free of any affiliations between church and state. Americans were focused on training the next generation to be independent free thinkers. However with the massive immigration of Catholics from europe from the potato famine and latter Italian german and polish immigrants they posed an immediate threat to the public school system by wanting to impose religious affiliation whiting the pre existing school system. This did was one of the main conflicting pionts between the protanstant she and the Catholics in the early history of america. Freedom of the mind/ self reliance
The Lourdes devotion is a good example of the way devotions spread and are lived out. What happened at Lourdes? What kinds of people helped the devotion spread? What's the "immaculate conception" and why did 19th century Catholics care about that? What are two ways in which Lourdes became physically present in the United States? How did the devotion end up giving power both to priests and to 'ordinary' laypeople? If a person is sick, when does Lourdes water usually enter the picture, as compared to conventional medical treatment?
Bernadette, a young peasant girl, with sees Mary (the immaculate conception) at the spring and then this sight became considered holy and the water was holy and could heal (like the blind man). This was announced as infallible. People who went on pilgrimages and recreated this scene in other locations helped spread the scene. The immaculate conception was the purity that was within Mary and this made her all the more holy and sacred. They became present in US by sending holy water and recreating lourdes. They were able to charge money to be there and it became capitalistic. The water was used as a last resort.
If a "devotion" requires an object, an action, and a physical thing, how is Eucharistic adoration or benediction a good example? What are some good examples of devotions that have Mary as their object? What are their actions and physical elements?
Eucharistic adoration is a physical thing that people use to focus your faith towards physically. An example would be holy cards or the rosary. The prayer?
We can think of the 19th century as a running battle between European Catholic immigrants who wanted to make a church that was "American"; European Catholic immigrants who wanted to create mini-German, Polish, Irish, Italian, Lithuanian, etc, churches within the United States; and European Catholic immigrants who wanted to make a single church that was Romanized. This third group saw being "Catholic" and being culturally "Roman" as the same thing. What tactics did they use that explain why, by the mid 20th century, European-American Catholics were much less culturally diverse than their many ethic/national backgrounds might have suggested?
It is like the American melting pot. The cultures combine and find common ground in their new home. they blend and over time unite and become one common american religion.
active religious life
Members take vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience and devote their lives to God. Sisters and brothers generally view their way of life not so much as a career but as a vocation—a calling
What (in a sentence or two) was at stake in the "Americanist controversy"?
The "Americanists" like John Ireland, fought for the separation of church and state. This upset the Jesuits because they suspected "state power" and were not fans of this "excessive nationalism". The Americanists wanted public to be related to state and private to be related to religion. This was not ideal for the Jesuits because of the changes it meant for them in terms of tax funds and Catholic ideals. They did not want to be "tainted by liberal opinions" (169).
European Catholic immigrants often wanted the Church to help them keep their home culture (German, Polish, etc) in the new country. What specifically did they expect the Church to do to help them with that goal?
The Philadelphia Gesu transferred "Rome" to "America" by sending relics via European Jesuit friends to be put on display during Lent with proof of their authenticity. Bring over relics that held deep connections to motherland. Created churches identical to those in their countries of origin. Create community based around these churches.
"trustee" system of parish government
The method used to administer diocesan property, temporalities, and parishes. A bishop usually chooses a group of responsible person who, together with an ecclesiastical superior, form an administrative council to manage and direct possessions, property, and finances. They must account periodically for their stewardship and can in no way infringe upon the spritual administration of the parish or diocese.
What kinds of "freedom" were various American Catholics interested in during the period surrounding the Revolutionary War? From the point of view of the 'official' Catholic church, what were the pros and cons of the new American concept of the "separation of church and state"?
Wanted freedom to have big plots of land, spread their religion religion to native, wanted to find new environment to live out their religion free from dominate of protestant England, jobs, opportunity.
sodality
a confraternity or association, especially a Roman Catholic religious guild or brotherhood.
rosary
a form of devotion in which five (or fifteen) decades of Hail Marys are repeated, each decade preceded by an Our Father and followed by a Glory Be. "the congregation said the rosary" a string of beads for keeping count in a rosary or in the devotions of some other religions
Lourdes
a leading place of pilgrimage for Roman Catholics after a peasant girl, Bernadette Soubirous, had visions of the Virgin Mary in 1858
pilgrim
a person who journeys to a sacred place for religious reasons
cloistered religious life
a place of religious seclusion, such as a monastery
shrine
a place regarded as holy because of its associations with a divinity or a sacred person or relic, typically marked by a building or other construction
nativist movement
a wide national consensus sharply restricted the overall inflow of immigrants, especially those from southern and eastern Europe
Know-Nothing Party
aim was to keep control of the government in the hands of native-born citizens: so called because members originally professed ignorance of the party's activities.
miraculous medal
also known as the Medal of the Immaculate Conception, is a medal, the design of which was originated by Saint Catherine Labouré following her apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Rue du Bac, Paris, France, and made by goldsmith Adrien Vachette.
What were the arguments made by "nativists" to explain why the Catholic Church and/or Catholic immigrants were dangerous to the country? What steps did nativists take, or want to take, in response to that danger?
american labor be protected, danger free school system, don't want them to hold foreign office, nunneries and jesuits,
How did devotions (in general) "cement social bonds" for Catholic immigrants?
by wearing the cross or the rosary it gives this sense of community, you always have something to talk about.
What's the difference between a "contractual" approach to devotional life and a "familial" approach?
contractual is somewhat saintly and seems out of reach because it's so holy, whereas familial is much more open and simplified, anyone can become a part of it.
What kinds of work were sisters/nuns performing on the 'frontier' during the 18th and 19th centuries?
created schools, cared for orphans, hospitals, desk work of frontier
What were John Carroll's concerns/worries, as expressed in "The First American Report to Propaganda Fide"?
deprivation of religious ministry, deprived of morals and Catholic education, lack of representation for Catholic officials, not enough to supply the means of the people
"national parish"
distinguished by liturgical rites or nationality of the congregation; it is found within a diocese or particular Church, which includes other types of parishes in the same geographical area, each parish being unique.
Immaculate Conception
if you are referencing "the" immaculate conception than you are referring to Mary who was pure and free of sin making her extremely holy. If you are referring to immaculate conception in general than you are referring to a child being conceived without the act of intimate relations.
Why did Massachusetts want to ban "popish priests" in the early 18th century?
it was believed that european jesuits and other catholic missionaries sought to stir up native peoples against British settlements in North America
devotions
prayers or religious observances.
Sacred Heart
the heart of Christ, especially as represented in an image and regarded as an object of devotion among Roman Catholics
What were Mathew Carey's two arguments for why Protestants should contribute to the Catholic bible printing?
wanted Catholics to become more familiar with scripture, marketed to protestants and Catholics alike,
