American Government Final
Lowered the voting age to 18 years old
26th amendment
The period of time in US history when political parties were eliminated is known as a. The Era of Good Feelings b. The Era of Good Politics C. The Era of Good Times d. The Era of Good Leadership. e. The Great Migration
A
Which of the following is NOT true regarding candidate centered campaigns? a. Encourage national officeholders to be responsive to local interests b. Officeholders can deny personal responsibility for government's actions C. Individuals can seek the nominations without prior party loyalty Decreases the influence of powerful interests and money e. All of the above are true regarding candidate centered campaigns
?
A bureaucracy is a system of organization and control that is based on what three principles? a. Hierarchical authority, job specialization, and formalized rules b. Job specialization, hierarchical authority, judicial review c. Formalized rules, job specialization, division of labor d. Hierarchical authority, job specialization, division of rules
A
A federal system is one where A) constitutional authority is divided between a national govemment and state govemments. B) constitutional authority is divided among multiple branches of the national government. C) constitutional authority is decentralized, only residing in state governments. D) constitutional authority is unlimited. E) constitutional authority is centralized in a national govemment.
A
Congress is a bicameral legislature, which means that it a. Has two chambers organized largely along party lines b. It only allows members to be affiliated with two parties C. Each of the members are elected every two years d. Congress is not a bicameral legislature
A
De jure discrimination and de facto discrimination are two ways in which some Americans are treated as less equal than others. Examples of governmental actions or public policies designed to address each of these forms of discrimination are A) the Brown decision (de jure), and affirmative action (de facto). B) affirmative action (de jure), and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (de facto). C) the Supreme Court's busing decisions (de jure), and affirmative action decisions (de facto). D) the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (de jure), and the Brown decision (de facto). E) None of these answers is correct.
A
How is the US federal bureaucracy organized? a. By cabinets and secretaries b. Along policy lines C. Based on defense and foreign d. Along party lines
A
In Schenck v. United States (1919), flyers were eirculated to encourage draft-age men to refuse military service. The Supreme Court ruled that A) speech could be restricted when the nation's security is at stake. B) the Espionage Act was unconstitutional. C) speech unrelated to national security can never be restricted D) speech by unpopular groups can be restrietod more than spoech by popular groups. E) all forms of political dissent are constitutional.
A
In an oligarchy, A) control rests with a small group, such as military officers or a few wealthy families. B) the state controls all aspects ofindividuals lives, including family relations and the practice of religion. c) control rests with a small group of popularly elected individuals. D) control rests with a single individual, such as a dictator. E) the state is run by corporate interests and companies instead of individuals.
A
In its 2011 Snyder v. Phelps ruling, the Supreme Court held that Westboro Baptist Church protests at military funerals A) were a constitutionally protected form of free speech. B) would need specific prior approval by a federal judge. C) could not be considered constitutionally protected freedom of assembly. D) were a state matter and must be decided on a case-by-case basis in state courts E) were unconstitutional because the funerals were military, but they would have been constitutional at civilian funerals.
A
Individuals tend to interpret information in ways that reinforce what they already believe. Which term refers to this tendeney? A) confirmation bias B) critical thinking C) discrimination D) intuition E) straw man fallacy
A
The Great Compromise produced A) a bicameral Congress. B) federalism. C) separation of powers. D) the abolition of slavery. E) checks and balances.
A
The Median Voter Theorem stats that to to maximize votes, candidates must a. Position themselves at the location of the median voter b. Position their platform at the median voter within the party c. Not appeal to voters at the median d. Realize that party polarization has eliminated the median voter
A
The availability of collective goods to individuals without their contribution to the groups efforts results in the problem. a. Free-Rider b. Lobbying C. Scarce Resources d. Economic e. None of the above
A
The elastic clause is related to which of the following concepts? A) implied powers B) reserved powers C) enumerated powers D) concurrent powers E) All of these answers are corect.
A
The enumerated powers in Article I of the Constitution were intended to A) establish a govemment strong enough to forge a union that was secure in its defense and stable in its economy. B) ensure that neither northerm nor southerm states would be at a disadvantage C) limit the powers of the state govemments. D) limit the power of the presidency E) ensure that neither small nor large states would be at a disadvantage.
A
The inclusion of certain provisions of the Bill of Rights through the Fourteenth Amendment, so that these rights are protected from infringements by the state governments, is called A) selective incorporation B) the absorption doctrine. C) the preferred position doctrine. D) prior restraint E) procedural change.
A
The inevitable discovery exception A) allows the use of normally inadmissible evidence that would have been discovered by other means or through other foms of evidence. B) holds that otherwise excludable evidence can be admitted in trial if police believed they were following the proper procedures C) has effectively invalidated the exclusionary naie D) holds that the exclusionary rule can be waived in cases where failure to convict can lead to further public harm. E) holds that a convicted person may not appeal the convietion when his or her own actions would have ultimately led to further unlawful acts.
A
The system of and the principle of make the US system natural for the formation of interest groups. a. Self-Government and Free Association b. Free Association and Judicial Review c. Self-Government and Separation of Powers d. Separation of Powers and Free Association e. Judicial Review and Self-Government
A
Through the grants of power in the Constitution, the framers sought to A) both empower govermment and limit it. B) create a govemment in which sovereignty was invested in the national govemment only. C) enumerate the rights of individuals. D) abolish slavery. E) strictly define the powers of state govermments,
A
True or False: In class we watched a Daily Show clip of Jon Stewart mocking CNN's coverage of the missing Malaysia flight. This was an example of Entertainment-Centered Communication. a. TRUE b. FALSE c. We didn't watch a Daily Show clip
A
True/False: All federal judges are nominated and appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate. a. True b. False
A
What characteristic distinguishes democracies from other forms of government? a. Emphasis on the citizens ability to be involved in activities that have a meaningful emphasis on public policy and leadership b. Gives citizens the impression that they can influence public policy but that influence have to be meaningful C. People can vote for the national leader d. Money is limited in political campaigns None of the above
A
What did Martin Van Buren mean when he said that political parties should be national and safe? a. The parties should be nationally known and people shouldn't be discriminated against for being part of one party or the other b. The parties should compete in all the states and abolish the 2nd ammendment C. The parties should appeal across the nation and hold to strongly conservative views d. The parties should not be extreme in their views and should have national appeal e. it was Thomas Jefferson that said parties should be "national and safe."
A
What does it mean when the text suggests that parties and interest groups are "linkage institutions"? a. They connect citizens with government b. They link parties and interest groups C. They provide policy continuity so voters understand what is at stake d. They create a coalition of like-minded voters e. None of the above
A
What is a Congressional Committee's jurisdiction? a. Its authority to review policies from another committee b. The policy area in which it is authorized to act C. Its authority to be the first court to hear a case
A
What is a model of journalism characterized by sensationalism and intended to lure readers by any means possible? a. Yellow Journalism b. Objective Journalism C. Partisan Journalism d. Fake News e. Long-Tail Journalism
A
What term is used to describe the current holder of a particular public office? a. Incumbent b. Constituent c. Gerrymander d. Caucus
A
What was the protest movement that has been most successful because of its permanent integration with a political party? a. Tea Party Movement b. Occupy Wall Street Movement c. Black Lives Matter Movement d. #MeToo Movement e. Movement Against Gun Violence
A
Which of the following is a reason that we see increased protest activity? a. Social media makes it more visable b. We have been at war for so long and people always protest military action c. We have become more partisan as a nation d. People like to protest instead of running for office e. We have not seen an increase in protest activity
A
Which of the following is not a factor that affects presidential success? a. Bureaucratic support b. Judicial acceptance c. Congressional approval d. All of the above affect presidential success
A
Which of the following is not an advantage of an incumbent? a. Turnout in midterm elections is typically high b. Ability to raise funds C PACS tend to favor incumbents d. Strong base of support because they take care of constituents
A
Which of the following is not true regarding how the Constitution established the judiciary? a. It only established the US Supreme Court b. It established the judiciary as a separate and independent branch of government c. It gave Congress the power to establish lower state courts d. It gave the president the authority to nominate all federal judges
A
Why is the appointment of federal judges the most influential of presidential powers? a. Nominations allow a president to influence judicial policy for decades b. Judges are highly scrutinized by everyone in the political process c. The deputy attorney general is delegated the task of identifying nominees d. All of these are reasons it is the e most influential of presidential powers
A
are small and informal, but relatively stable set of bureaucrats, legislators, and lobbyists who seek to develop policies beneficial to a particular interest. a. Iron Triangles b. Issue Networks C. News Media d. Political Action Committees e. Political Parties
A
is the ability of persons, groups, or institutions to influence political developments. A) Power B) Liberty C) Political culture D) Politics E) Apathy
A
was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence. A) Thomas Jefferson B) James Madison C) John Locke D) George Washington E) Alexander Hlamilton
A
Where is most of the work in Congress conducted? a. On the Senate floor b. Through standing committees c. Congress doesn't work d. At the White House
B
10. Which chamber of Congress has a tradition of unlimited debate? a. The House of Representatives b. The Senate C. Both chambers have a tradition of unlimited debate d. Neither chamber has a tradition of unlimited debate
B
Any organization that actively seeks to influence public policy is known as what? a. Faction b. Interest Group C Pressure group d. All of the above e. None of the above
B
Early leaders were trusting of political parties but Martin Van Buren believed the nation was safest without parties. a. TRUE b. FALSE c. We don't know how the early leaders felt about political parties
B
Face to face interactions between people that contribute to a sense of community and foster civic cooperation is known as a. Social Movements b. Social Capital c. Social Gatherings d. Socialization e. Social Media
B
Only those who are 30 years or older and been a citizen for at least 9 years can serve in Congress as, a. A representative in the House of Representatives b. A senator in the Senate C. Speaker of the House d. President of the United States
B
Pluralism contends that, on most issues, A) corporate elites have more control over economie poliey than do "the politicians in the visible govermment." B) the will of the majority of the voting public determines government policy. C) true authority lies with the elected politicians, and not with the public that put them in office. D) it is the preferences of special interests that largely determine what government does E) the diverse nature of the citizenry enhances the democratic process in policymaking.
B
Random sampling is the key to scientific polling and is theoretically based on which is when everyone in the population has a known probability of being chosen at random for inclusion in the poll. a. Directional sampling b. Probability sampling c Population sampling d. Intensity sampling e. Selective sampling
B
The Agency Capture Theory states that a. Agency rules prevent lobbyists from gaining access b. Regulatory agencies side with organizations over public interest c. Lobbylsts influence congress to block funding to agencies d. Organized groups are a source of sound governance e. There is no such thing as the Agency Capture Theory
B
The Electoral College was originally designed by the Framers to, a. Reinforce the Power of the People through direct election of the President b. Allocate electoral votes to each state based on the proportion of Congressional representation C. Provide another method for limiting the power of the presidency through indirect elections d. All of the above are correct e. Only B and C are correct
B
The Lemon test is designed to A) prevent a prosecution or defense from creating a biased jury B) ensure the secular nature of a government action or pohcy C) test a state's practice of guaranteeing procedural due process rights D) ensure that a defendant has been given access to counsel from the time of arrest through a trial E) test state adherence to rights protected by proxy in the Fourteenth Amendment
B
The ____ view of political representatives holds that elected officials should take constituents' concerns into account, but should exercise their own judgement about policies. a. Libertarian b. Trustee c. Manufactured d. Delegate e. Agent
B
The document explaining the ideas of the Constitution and urging its ratiffication is A) the Mayflower Compact. B) The Federalist Papers. c) the Declaration of Conscience. D) The Anti-Federalist Papers. E) the Declaration of Independence.
B
The federal govermment's power to tax, regulate commerce among the states, and declare war are all examples of ____ powers. A) None of these answers is correct B) enumerated c) implied D) reserved E) concurrent
B
What is it called when members of a party band together on legislation and stand against the opposite party? a. Parties almost never band together on legislation b. Party unity C. Party caucus d. Party leadership
B
What is the model of journalism characterized by fact-based reporting that presents both sides of partisan debate? a. Yellow Journalism b. Objective Journalism C. Partisan Journalism d. Fake News e. Long-Tail Journalism
B
What is the most substantial control Congress has over bureaucracy? a. Including sunset provisions in legislation that establish specific dates when the law will expire b. Controlling the spending of the bureaucracy c. Requiring bureaucrats to appear before Congress when asked d. Appointing bureaucrats in high level positions
B
When a bill is being debated in the Senate, one party can try to block voting on a bill using a the procedural tactic that results in endless debate. To limit debate to 30 hours, three fifths majority vote is required for a. Filibuster; Caucus b. Filibuster; Cloture Caucus; Filibuster d. Cloture; Filibuster
B
When previous court rullings on similar cases are considered when a Judge issues a decislon on an existing case, which of the primary sources of the law Is being used? a. US Constitution b. Legislative Statutes c. Administrative Law d. Legal precedents
B
When the US Supreme Court has reached a determination on a case it will issue a that states which party won the case, and one or more which explain the legal basis for deciding won. a. Opinion, Decisions b. Decision, Opinions c. Opinion, Majority Decisions d. Plurality decision, Opinions e. Thought, Feelings
B
Which of the following is NOT a factor we discussed in class that impacts voter turnout in the US? a. The US holds elections frequently b. Number of siblings C. Civic attitude of alienation d. Party loyalty e. All of the above are factors that influence voter turnout
B
Which of the following is an example of a compelling reason for the US Supreme Court to decide to hear a case? a. To retry a case they believe a lower court got wrong b. To settle key questions of federal law that have national significance c. To review a lower court ruling that aligns with previous SCOTUS decisions d. To review a case based on state law that they don't like, but that does not have a federal issue.
B
Which of the following is the chief trial court of the federal system? a. US District Courts b. US Court of Appeals C. US Supreme Courts d. Individual State Courts
B
Which of the following was an argument in favor of federalism at the time of the writing of the Constitution? A) Federalism will be less likely to produce an all-dominant faction B) All of these answers are correct. C) Federalism will moderate the power of government. D) Federalism will protect liberty. E) Federalism will provide for a stronger national government than existed under the Articles of Confederation.
B
Which of the following was the result of the Hatch Act of 1939? a. Federal workers cannot strike and those who do can be fired. b. Established the merit system for federal employment C. Established the patronage system for federal employment d. Prohibited civil servants from holding key jobs in election campaigns
B
is the process through which the annual federal spending and revenue decisions are made? a. Policy implementation b. Budgetary process C. Bureaucratic accountability d. Hierarchical authority
B
systems are those in which seats in the legislature are allocated according to each political party's share of the popular vote. a. Plurality b. Proportional representation C. Factional d. Multiparty e. Two-party
B
Which of the following acts as the "overseer" in the federal court system? a. US District Courts b. US Court of Appeals c. US Supreme Courts d. Individual State Courts
C
A(n). party is a minor party that bases its appeal on the claim that partisan politics is having a corrupting influence on government and policy. a. Third b. Single-issue C. Reform d. Ideological e. Factional
C
According to the Declaration of Independence, governments get their "just powers" from A) "endowed by their Creator." B) "the benevolence of a just king." C) "the consent of the governed." D) "the teachings of Jesus Christ." E) "the various factions."
C
According to the Supreme Court, which is true regarding freedom of assembly? A) Individuals have the right to command immediate access to a public auditorium. B) Public officials can prohibit assembly by unpopular groups. C) Public officials can regulate the time, place, and conditions of public assembly, provided the regulations are reasonable. D) Individuals have the right to hold a public rally in the middle of a busy intersection at a time of their choosing. E) Freedom of assembly is an absolute right, because it is in the First Amendment.
C
In applying the reasonable-basis test, courts tend to A) assess whether a law had the support of a two-thirds majority of legislators at the time of passage. B) prohibit any law that results in the unequal treatment of Americans. C) require govermment only to show that a particular law is reasonable. D) interpret the equal protection clause in a strict manner. E) determine whether a law is working well and, if so, to allow it to remain in effect.
C
The establishment clause prohibits government from A) interfering with freedom of assembly. B) establishing exceptions to the Fourteenth Amendment. C) favoring one religion over another or supporting religion over no religion. D) establishing exceptions to the Bill of Rights E) interfering with the right to bcar arms.
C
The first plan of governament for the United States (Articles of Confederation) was a A) monarchy B) federalist system C) confederation D) theocracy E) unitary form of government
C
The two theories of presidential leadership are the Theory which calls for a strong presidency limited only by what the Constitution prohibits, and the Theory where the presidency is a limited office charged with carrying out the will of Congress. a. Whig: Singular b. Stewardship; Whig c. Whig: Stewardship d. Stewardship; Whig
C
The writers of the Constitution used the term ______ for a form of govemment that consists of carefully designed institutions that are responsive to the majority but not captive to it. A) separation of power B) majoritanianism C) republic D) federalism E) democracy
C
What form of lobbying does a group engage in when it adopts a strategy primarily focused on legal action? a. Inside lobbying with legislative focus b. Outside lobbying with executive focus c. Inside lobbying with judicial focus d. Outside lobbying with judical focus e. Inside lobbying with executive focus
C
What is it called when political leaders attempt to influence public opinion in order to gain public support for a policy position? a. Priming agent b. Framing C. Manufactured consent d. Voter manipulation e. Lying
C
What is the most widespread form of political participation? a. Lobbying b. Volunteering on campaigns c. Voting d. Protesting e. Writing letters to leaders
C
What is the process by which journalists select particular aspects of situations and craft their stories around them? a. Priming b. Signaling C. Framing d. Carrying e. Blinking
C
What piece of legislation established a merit system for certain federal positions? a. Hatch Act of 1939 b. Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 C. Pendleton Act d. None of the above
C
What type of govermment suppresses individuality, forcing people to thỉnk and act in prescribed ways or risk punishment? A) socialist B) communist C) authoritarian D) republican E) egalitarian
C
What was the precedent established in Marbury v. Madison (1803)? a. Judicial power b. Judicial activism C. Judicial review d. Judicial restraint
C
When voting based on a candidates past performance, you are engaging in Meanwhile, is voting based on what a candidate promises. a. Prospective voting, Responsive voting b. Responsive voting, Party voting c. Retrospective voting; Prospective voting d. Responsive voting, Partisan voting e. Prospective voting: Respective voting
C
Which of the following does not occur at the National Party Conventions? a. Party formally selects the presidential candidate b. Party formally selects the vice-presidential candidate C. Party selects the Chief Justice d. Party decides on a platform e. Party attempts to heal wounds and divisions from primary
C
Which of the following is most closely related to the concept of implied powers? A) supremacy clause B) Tenth Amendment C) necessary and proper clause D) power to tax E) commerce clause
C
Which of the following is not one of the outside influences on the Court? a. Public opinion b. Interest groups c. Elected officials d. Justices own political beliefs
C
Who is said to be the second-most-powerful official in Washington? a. The President b. The Vice President c. The Speaker of the House d. The Senate Majority Leader
C
ticket voting occurs when voters uniformly support one party's candldates, whereas a ticket voting involves selecting candidates from office from multiple partles a. Single member district; multiparty b. Coalition; plurallty c. Straight; split d. Primary; secondary e. Party; objective
C
Federal grants-in-aid used only for a designated activity are called A) targeted grants. B) revenue-sharing grants. C) block grants. D) categorical grants E) streamlined grants.
D
Leading administrative units headed by Secretaries and serve in the President's cabinet
Cabinet departments
Required broadcasters provide reasonable opportunitity for discussing of conflicting views.
Citizens united v. Federal election commission
Created the Federal Communications Commission
Communication Act (1934)
A separate view by a Justice who agrees with the majority but disagrees with at least some of the reasoning
Concurring opinion
According to the Anti-Federalists, too strong of a national govemment meant A) that a new constitutional convention would have to convene every few years. B) that a monarchy was preferable to a republic. C) that slavery would be abolished immediately. D) eventual encroachment upon the sovereignty of the states. E) that effective commerce between and among the states was an impossibility
D
Any law that attempts a racial or ethnic classification is subject to the A) suspect-classification test. B) precedent-basis test. C) intermediate-scrutiny test. D) strict-scrutiny test. E) reasonable-basis test.
D
Fiscal federalism refers to the A) national banking system first established by Alexander Hamilton in the 1790s B) coordinated fiscal policy decisions of the federal govermment and the states C) fact that both the federal government and the states have the power to tax. D) expenditure of federal funds on programs run in part through state and local govermments. E) ability of the states to manipulate federal decision making
D
In Schenck v. United States (1919), flyers were circulated to encourage draft-age men to refuse military service. The Supreme Court ruled that A) imminent lawless action B) cry wolf C) SLAPS D) clear-and-present-danger E) Lemon
D
In the Constitution, procedural due process is protected in various ways by the A) All of these answers are correct. B) Fourth Amendment. C) Eighth Amendment. D) Fifth Amendment. E) Sixth Amendment
D
Individualism is the idea that A) all individuals are equal in their moral worth. B) individuals should be free to act and think as they choose. C) there should be formal limits on citizens' power. D) people should take initiative and be self-sufficient. E) people are the ultimate source of goveming authority.
D
Justice Holmes's clear-and-present-danger test holds that govermment can A) restrict speech that is disrespectful to specific classes of citizens. B) engage in prior restraint of the press whenever national security is at issue. C) imprison political dissidents during times of war without following normal procedures. D) restrict speech that threatens national security. E) restrict any speech of an inflammatory nature.
D
Like all other rights, the right of free expression is A) fully respected by public officials. B) None of these answers is correct. C) protected from action by federal officials but not state officials. D) not absolute. E) spelled out in precise terms in the Bill of Rights
D
Passing legislation in Congress is an intentionally difficult process because, a. The Framers wanted legislation to reflect the interests of the majority. b. The Framers did not want legislation that only reflected the interests of a powerful faction. c. Th Framers did not want to make it difficult to pass legislation. d. Both A and B are correct answers
D
States with the most restrictive voter registration laws also have a. The lowest rates of verifled voter fraud b. Turnout rates comparable to the national average c. The highest rates of verified voter fraud d. Turnout rates well below the national average e. The highest percentage of eligible voters registered
D
The 2013 Supreme Court decision Shelby County v. Holder interpreting the Voting Rights Act A) was a victory for the Obama administration in general and Attomey General Erie Holder in particular B) was all the more emphatic because it had a unanimoux 9-0 vote C) declared the entire Voting Rights Act unconatitutional D) argued that Congress had set standards for federal oversight that were no longer relevant E) requires states be more diligent in ensuring that minorities have full voting rights.
D
The Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas ruling (1954) held that racial segregation in schools A) was constitutional because it passed the Reasonable-basis test. B) violated the Civil Rights Act. C) unconstitutional because separate was inherently unequal. D) violated the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. E) constitutional as long as the facilities were equal.
D
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was aimed at eliminating discrimination A) by private individuals in their social relations-bigoted statements and other acts of prejudice are unlawful under most circumstances. B) by govemments in their job practices and provision of services (e.g., schools, roads). C) All of these answers are correct. D) by private individuals in their employment practices and in their operation of public accommodations (e.g., hotels, restaurants). E) by govermments in their conduct of elections (e g., registration, placement of polling booths).
D
The Doctrine of argues that judges should interpret the Constitution, statutes, and precedents in light of fundamental principles and intervene when elected representatives fail to uphold these principles. a. Judicial power b. Judicial activism C. Judicial review d. Judicial restraint
D
The Doctrine of argues that when judges make policy decisions instead of elected lawmakers, they undermine the fundamental principle of self-government. a. Judicial power b Judicial activism C. Judicial review d. Judicial restraint e. None of the above
D
The Supreme Court concept of suspect classifications suggests that A) it is impossible to impose quotas fairly because they require classifications of merit based on race. B) any form of classification of people based on race or gender is not a sufficient basis on which to overtun an established federal law. C) any law designed to specifically affect members of different genders in different ways is inherently discriminatory. D) laws that classify people differently on the basis of their race or ethnicity are presumed to have discrimination as their purpose. E) it is inherently suspect to classify one school district or public facility reserved for a particular race as inferior or superior to another.
D
The ongoing coalition of interests joined together in an effort to get its candidates for public office elected under a common label, is known as a. News Media b. Political Movement c. Public Opinion d. Political Party e. Group Affinity
D
The principle of checks and balances is based on the notion that A) all legislative and executive action should be controlled through judicial power. B) leaders are the trustees of the people. C) legislators and executives cannot be trusted, but judges are trustworthy. D) power must be used to offset power. E) a weak government is always preferable to a strong govermment.
D
Which of the following is not a dimension of public opinion? a. Direction b. Salience C. Intensity d. All of the above are diminsions of public opinion e. None of the above are diminsions of public opinion
D
Which of the following occurred after the Fairness Doctrine was rescinded? a. Radio stations dropped comedy shows b. FCC started regulating cable news c. Information Commons emerged d. Local news started relying on the AP for stories e. Partisan radio talk shows emerged
D
The opinlon held by one or more Justices on the losing side of the case that explalns the legal reason they disagree with the majority position.
Dissenting opinion
A general belief about the role and purpose of government.
E
Groups that are joined together by purposive incentives are known as what? a. Economic groups b. Labor Groups c. Farm Groups d. Professional groups e. None of the above
E
In Mapp v. Ohio the police searched Mapp's house for a suspected bomber without a warrant, the Supreme Court extended the selective incorporation process to inelude A) civil cases. B) children (minors) accused ofcrime. C) pleas of insanity. D) indigent litigants. E) criminal proceedings in the states
E
Marbury v. Madison is a landmark Supreme Court decision because it A) helped to end Thomas Jefferson's political career. B) affimed the necessary and proper clause. C) defined the scope of state powers under the Tenth Amendment. D) established national supremacy. E) set the precedent for judicial review.
E
The Constitution guarantees individuals the right to a writ of habeas corpus, meaning that the government cannot A) silence freedom of the press. B) enact laws that would legalize the practice of indentured servitude. C) prosecute persons for acts that were legal at the time they were committed. D) establish a state religion based on Christian beliefs. E) jail a person indefinitely without a court hearing to determine the legality of his or her imprisonment.
E
The Fourteenth Amendment applies to discriminatory action by A) both government and private parties. B) the president specifically. C) Congress specifically. D) private parties only. E) government only.
E
The exclusionary rule states that A) the laws of one state court cannot be applied in the courts of another state. B) federal law cannot be applied in state courts. C) after seven years, the statute of limitations applies, except in murder cases. D) state law cannot be applied in federal courts. E) evidence obtained illegally is inadmissible in court.
E
The focus of civil liberties is _____ and the focus of civil rights is A) the rights of individuals to privacy and expression; the rights of individuals with respect to imprisonment and punishment B) the Tenth Amendment; the Fourteenth Amendment C) equal righta in the treatment of members of differing groups, the rights of individuals protected from infringement by the government D) the rights of individuals under a government; the rights of society as a whole E) the rights of individuals protected from infringement by the government, equal rights in the treatiment of members of differing groups
E
The idea that govemment should be restricted in its lawful uses of power and hence in its ability to deprive people of their liberty is expressed by the ternm A) judicial review. B) federalism. C) self-government. D) natural rights. E) limited govemment.
E
The main reason for the high cost of American political campalgns is the cost of a. Complying with Federal Election Commission rules b. Actually raising campaign funds c. Paying campaign managers d. Paying pollsters e. Paying for TV ads
E
The movement for women's rights was initially aligned with A) the Progressive movement. B) the modern environmental movement C) the modern civil rights movement. D) the labor movement. E) the abolition movement.
E
To the framers, the great danger of democratic government was the risk of A) judicial imperialism. B) a weak presidency. C) special-interest politics. D) elite rule. E) tyranny of the majority.
E
What are the two resources required for groups to be influencial in outside lobbying? a. Money and more money b. Money and a presidential candidate c. A presidential candidate and committed membership d. Super PAC and checkbook members e. Committed membershiip and money
E
What is a major limit on majoritarianism, as suggested by the text? A) The public lacks access to the information required to take informed political action on most issues dealt with by the govemment each year. B) The most power tends to reside with a wealthy minority of the voting public, preventing the majority public from setting the issue agenda. C) The actions of special interest groups are ultimately more influential than the voting power of the public. D) The rapid turnover of govemment officials and members of the legislature prevents the majority public from making a sustained effort for any single issue. E) The public as a whole takes an interest in only a few of the hundreds of policy decisions that US. officials make cach year.
E
Which of the following is NOT one of the elements of party realignments? a. Emergence of unusually powerful and divisive issues b. Election in which voters shift their partisan support c. Enduring change in the parties' policies and coalitions d. Third party challengers e. All of the above are elements of political realignments
E
Which of the following is NOT one of the functions performed by the media? a. Signaling Function b. Objective Function c. Common-Carrier Function d. Watchdog Function e. All of the above are functions of the media
E
Which of the following is a difference between communism and socialism, as described by the text? A) Under socialism, the govemment owns more industries than a communist govemment does, but it provides less direct benefit for individuals' welfare, B) Under socialism, the government owns some fimms, but under communism the government does not own any major assets. C) Under communism, the govenment manages the economy completely but does not attempt to provide for people's basic needs; under socialism, the government does not manage the economy completely, but does attempt to provide for people's basie needs. D) Under socialism, the economy operates mainly through private transactions, but under communism, the government owns a number of major industries and tries to provide for people's basic economic needs. E) Under communism, the government assumes total management of the economy, whereas under socialism, the govemment does not try to manage the overall economy,
E
Which of the following is an example of the challenges officials face when trying to govern by way of popular opinion? a. The public has a weak understanding of many issues making b. Public opinion is measured for the entire population and not just the official's specific constituents C. Policy makers don't have access to measures of public opinion d. The public always takes time to respond to public opinion polls e. All of the above are challenges faced by officials attempting to govern
E
Which of the following is not a path a bill can take toward becoming law? a. Introduction into the House/Senate; sent to committee for action; voted on in committee; sent to the floor for a vote; sent to conference committee to reconcile; reconciled bill sent to the House and Senate floor for a vote; signed by the President. b. Introduction into the House/Senate; sent to committee for action; voted on in committee; sent to the floor for a vote; sent to conference committee to reconcile; reconciled bill sent to the House and Senate floor for a vote; vetoed by the President. C Introduction into the House/Senate; sent to committee for action; voted on in committee; sent the floor for a vote; voted dead by one or both chambers of Congress d. Introduction into the House/Senate; sent to committee for action; never voted on in committee. e. All of these are paths that a bill can take.
E
Which of the following is not one of the major functions of Congress? a. Law making b. Oversight C. Nominating judges d. Representation e. The states where all its members are from
E
Which of the following was envisioned by the Framers to be the preeminent branch of government? a. The Executive Branch b. The Legislative Branch C. The Judicial Branch d. The Invisible Branch None of the above they expected all of the branches to be equal
E
Why did Hamilton stress the need for federal judges to hold their "offices during good behavior"? a. The Court would be the weakest branch without this life tenure b. It frees judges from political allegiances C. Judicial power rests on the power of Judgement: reasonableness and fairness of its decisions d. Judges should only be concerned with the law and not politics e. All of the above are reasons Hamilton stress life appointments
E
are ways for citizens disenchanted with government policy to actively express their opposition, usually taking place outside established institutions. a. Voting b. Campaigning C. Party Competition d. Civic Duty e. Political Movements
E
Allows corporations and unions to spend unlimited funds an elections.
Fcc fairness doctrine
How important people think an issue is relative to other issues.
Frames of reference
Funded by the federal government and governed by a board of directors, these agencies charge for their services.
Government corporation
When a person's identity or self-interest is tied to a group and they respond accordingly when a policy issue arises that affect it.
Group affinity
Resemble cabinet departments but with narrower area of resposiblity
Independent agency
Voters choose party delegates that will select the presidential candidate during the party convention
Indirect primary
The year leading up to the first caucus in a presidential primary
Invisible primary
An opinion Issued when a majority of the justices agree on the decislon, but do not all agree on the legal basis for that decision.
Majority opinion
Required states to allow people to register to vote when applying for a driver's license or public assistance.
Motor Voter Act of 1993
11. Meetings, open to any registered party voter, used to nominate a presidential candidate
Open party caucuses
The author Is selected by the Chlef Justice or most senior justice and provides the legal basis for the decislon If most of the justices on the winning side agree.
Plurality opinion
Permanent or short-term agency intended to provide advice to the president
Presidential commission
The politically relevant opinions held by ordinary citizens that they express openly
Public opinion
Points by which individuals evaluate issues and developments acquired through the socialization process.
Salience
During presidential elections, all of the electoral votes are cast for one candidate
Unit rule