American Gov't Chapter 10

membership organization

an interest group that usually consists of dues-paying members who organize around a particular cause or issue.

purposive incentives

benefits to overcome collective action problems that appeal to people's support of the issue or cause

association

groups of companies or institutions that organize around a common set of concerns, often within a given industry or trade

a. prevent lawmakers from utilizing their legislative relationships by becoming lobbyists immediately after leaving office

Revolving door laws are designed to do which of the following? a. prevent lawmakers from utilizing their legislative relationships by becoming lobbyists immediately after leaving office b. help lawmakers find work after they leave office c. restrict lobbyists from running for public office d. all the above

A. an in-house lobbyist

Someone who lobbies on behalf of a company that he or she works for as part of his or her job is _____. A. an in-house lobbyist B. a volunteer lobbyist C. a contract lobbyist D. a legislative liason

single member plurality

The US uses a 2 party system because it has what?

Jeffersonian Republicans; Federalists

The first party system was characterized by conflict between the ______ and the ______.

C. democrats; Whigs

The two major parties in the United States during the 1830s and 1840s were the ________ and the ________. A. Federalists; Jeffersonians B. Federalists; Whigs C. Democrats; Whigs D. Democrats; Republicans E. Federalists; Democrats

b. Conservative interests favor PACs over super PACs.

What is a difference between a PAC and a super PAC? A. PACs can contribute directly to candidates, but super PACs cannot. b. Conservative interests favor PACs over super PACs. c. Contributions to PACs are unlimited, but restrictions have been placed on how much money can be contributed to super PACs. D. Super PACS are much more likely to support incumbent candidates than are PACs.

slavery

What issue led to the demise of the Whigs?

b. purposive incentives

What type of incentives appeal to someone's concern about a cause? a. solidary incentives b. purposive incentives c. material incentives d. negative incentives

c. a symbiotic relationship among Congressional committees, executive agencies, and interest groups

Which of the following is an aspect of iron triangles? a. fluid participation among interests b. a great deal of competition for access to decision-makers c. a symbiotic relationship among Congressional committees, executive agencies, and interest groups d. three interest groups that have formed a coalition

a. joining a group to be with others like you

Which of the following is the best example of a solidary benefit? a. joining a group to be with others like you b. joining a group to obtain a monetary benefit c. joining a group because you care about a cause d. joining a group because it is a requirement of your job

a. . The Supreme Court has yet to address the issue of money in politics.

Which of the following is true of spending in politics? a. The Supreme Court has yet to address the issue of money in politics. b. The Supreme Court has restricted spending on politics. c. The Supreme Court has opposed restrictions on spending on politics. d. The Supreme Court has ruled that corporations may spend unlimited amounts of money but unions may not.

d. all above

what ways are lobbyists regulated? A. Certain activities are prohibited. B. Contributions must be disclosed. C. Lobbying is prohibited immediately after leaving office. D. all the above

national democratic party

who uses proportional representation today?

Abraham Lincoln

whose modern republican party won the first election in the 1960s?

democratic-Republican elected by house of representatives and Andrew Jackson got mad and created his own party which was the Democratic party and the federalist party was borned

1824 election won by John Quincy Adams why?

federalist vs. Democratic and the democrats won

1828 election

36.7%

2014 vep midterm elections?

iron triangle

3 way relationship among congressional committees, interests groups, and the bureaucracy

Democrats

Afro. Ams were mostly likely to vote for what party in the 1930s?

South- Democratic North- republican

After the end of the civil war to the 1980s what parties were in the north and south

Citizens United

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission was a 2010 Supreme Court case that granted corporations and unions the right to spend unlimited amounts of money on elections

Collective goods offer broadly distributed benefits, while private goods offer particularized benefits.

How are collective goods different from private goods? A. Collective goods offer particularized benefits, while private goods are broadly distributed. B. Collective goods and private goods both offer particularized benefits. C.Collective goods and private goods both offer broadly distributed benefits. D. Collective goods offer broadly distributed benefits, while private goods offer particularized benefits.

d. all the above

What changes have occurred in the lobbying environment over the past three or four decades? a. There is more professional lobbying. b. Many interests lobby both the national government and the states. c. A fragmentation of interests has taken place. d. all the above

60% (vep- voting eligible population)

What is the turnout in the general election in 2016?

Revolving door laws

laws that require a cooling-off period before government officials can register to lobby after leaving office.

soft money

money that interests can spend on behalf of candidates without being restricted by federal law.

under 40% (1/3 of the vote competition will increase the turnout)

no presidential election vep?

voting cues

sources—including fellow lawmakers, constituents, and interest groups—that lawmakers often use to help them decide how to vote, especially on unfamiliar issues

material incentives

substantive monetary or physical benefits given to group members to help overcome collective action problems

inside lobbying

the act if contacting and taking the organization's message directly to lawmakers in an attempt to influence policy

outside lobbying

the act of lobbying indirectly by taking the organization's message to the public, often through the use of the media and/or by issue press releases, in hopes that the public will then put pressure on lawmakers

A. Republican

From 1896 to 1932, the ________ Party was the nation's majority party. A. Republican B. Democratic C. Populist D. Whig E. Federalist

d. all the above

Why might several competing corporations join together in an association? A. because there is often strength in numbers B. because they often have common issues that may affect an entire industry C. because they can all benefit from governmental policies D. all the above

D. somewhat more likely to support; Democratic

Women in the United States are ________ the ________ Party. A. overwhelmingly committed to; Republican B. somewhat more likely to support; Republican C. overwhelmingly committed to; Democratic D. somewhat more likely to support; Democratic E. overwhelmingly committed to; Green

particularized benefit

a benefit that generally accrues to a narrow segment of society

collective good

a good such as public safety or clean air, often produced by government that is generally available to the population as a whole

issue network

a group of interest groups and people who work together to support a particular issue or policy

contract lobbyist

a lobbyist who works for a contract firm that represents clients before government

legislative liasion

a person employed by a governmental entity such as a local government, executive department, or university to represent the organization before the legislature

pluralist

a person who believes many groups healthily compete fro access to decision-makers

lobbyist

a person who represents an organization before government in an attempt to influence policy

neopluralist

a person who suggests that all groups access and influence depend on the political environment

grassroots movement

a political movement that often begins from bottom up, inspired by average citizens concerned about a given issue

astroturf movement

a political movement that resembles a grassroots movement but is often supported or facilitated by wealthy interests and/or elites

in-house lobbyist

an employee or executive within an organization who works as a lobbyist on behalf on the organization

public interest group

an interest group that seeks a public good, which is something that accrues to all

solidary incentives

benefit based on the concept that people like to associate with those who are similar to them

efficacy

the belief that you make a difference and that government cares about you and your views

elite critique

the proposition that wealthy and elite interests are advantaged over those without resources

fragmentation

the result when a large interest group develops diverging needs

free rider problem

the situation that occurs when some individuals receive benefits (get a free ride) without helping to bear the cost

disturbance theory

the theory that an external event can lead to interest group mobilization