American Gov't Exam 2

In the Constitution, procedural due process is protected by the Select one: a. Fourth Amendment. b. Fifth Amendment. c. Sixth Amendment. d. Eighth Amendment. e. All of these answers are correct.

e. All of these answers are correct.

Native Americans Select one: a. today number more than 2 million. b. have a far higher infant mortality rate than the national average. c. have in recent years filed suit to reclaim their ancestral lands. d. are less than half as likely to finish college as other Americans. e. All of these answers are correct.

e. All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following states is solidly Democratic? Select one: a. Idaho b. Georgia c. Utah d. Washington e. Texas

d. Washington

Which of the following is true of the Georgia law that required citizens without a government-issued photo I~such as a driver's license or passport, to obtain a voter identification card, which would cost them twenty dollars and expire after five years? Select one: a. A federal judge invalidated Georgia's twenty-dollar fee requirement, but the photo ID requirement stood. b. The law currently stands as it was initially created. c. A federal judge struck down the entire law; a person may vote in Georgia without a government-issued photo ID. d. A federal court struck down the law, but Georgia appealed it and the Supreme Court upheld the law as created. e. None of these answers is correct.

a. A federal judge invalidated Georgia's twenty-dollar fee requirement, but the photo ID requirement stood.

When democratic governments came into existence, tax and food riots and other forms of protest greatly diminished. Why? Select one: a. Citizens had less-disruptive ways to express themselves. b. A government safety net ensured basic needs were met. c. Social scientists have been studying this phenomenon but do not have a conclusive answer. d. The wealth of citizens increased dramatically with democratic freedoms and liberty. e. None of these answers is correct.

a. Citizens had less-disruptive ways to express themselves.

In the case of McNabb v. United States, Justice Felix Frankfurter defined the "history of liberty" primarily in terms of whether Select one: a. governments had observed procedural guarantees. b. those convicted are actually guilty. c. those convicted have the opportunity for appeal. d. those convicted are treated humanely while imprisoned. e. everyone is treated fairly in every case.

a. governments had observed procedural guarantees.

Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann's "spiral of silence" theory contends that Select one: a. most individuals are reluctant to speak out against dominant opinion. b. people tend not to express their views until asked. c. people holding deviant opinions tend to be more vocal, and hence silence the majority. d. most individuals like to challenge dominant opinions. e. All of these answers are correct.

a. most individuals are reluctant to speak out against dominant opinion.

Justice Holmes's "clear and present danger" test holds that government can Select one: a. restrict speech that threatens national security. b. restrict any speech of an inflammatory nature. c. imprison political dissidents during time of war without following normal procedures. d. engage in prior restraint of the press whenever national security is at issue. e. restrict speech that is disrespectful to specific classes of citizens.

a. restrict speech that threatens national security.

What was especially unique about the "Era of Good Feeling"? Select one: a. Political parties were banned. b. President Monroe ran unopposed in 1820. c. Jefferson's faction adopted the label "Republican." d. The president and vice president were from competing parties. e. Federalists won the election of 1820.

b. President Monroe ran unopposed in 1820.

Agenda-setting is an action that falls under which of the major roles played by the press? Select one: a. commoncarrier b. signaling c. watchdog d. partisan advocate e. news interpreter

b. signaling

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Franklin Roosevelt had little faith that public opinion would preserve the Social Security program, and expected it to be dismantled within a few decades. b. Public opinion on the usefulness of the Social Security system tends to swing back and forth dramatically with the health of the national economy. c. George W. Bush attempted to privatize aspects of social security, only to back down in the face of determined resistance. d. Franklin Roosevelt attempted to increase the size of the Social Security system, but backed down in the face of strong public opinion against any expansion. e. Ronald Reagan refused, against the wishes of his party, to propose reform of the Social Security system, because he knew public opinion would oppose it.

c. George W. Bush attempted to privatize aspects of social security, only to back down in the face of determined resistance.

One example of a policy that aimed chiefly to overcome de facto discrimination is Select one: a. the Equal Rights Amendment. b. the Voting Rights Act of 1965. c. busing to achieve racial integration in the schools. d. the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas ruling. e. the Fourteenth Amendment.

c. busing to achieve racial integration in the schools.

The term public opinion is frequently used in reference to all of American society. This perspective is Select one: a. accurate, since Americans are one people and indivisible. b. less accurate than a view of public opinion based on the majority, since the political system operates on the principle of majority rule. c. less accurate than the idea that Americans form many publics, which differ greatly in such things as the level of attention they pay to politics. d. less accurate than a view of public opinion based on what the news media are saying about the public. e. accurate, because there is little diversity in American public opinion.

c. less accurate than the idea that Americans form many publics, which differ greatly in such things as the level of attention they pay to politics.

The Watergate scandal illustrates the Select one: a. futility of media attempts to forecast political events. b. inadequacy of the media as a common-carrier to the public. c. power of the media to serve as watchdog to safeguard against abuses of power. d. ability of the press to serve as the public's representative in political disputes. e. abuse of power by journalists in the United States.

c. power of the media to serve as watchdog to safeguard against abuses of power.

The major reason for the persistence of the American two-party system is Select one: a. that there are naturally only two sides to political disputes. b. regional conflict. c. the existence of single-member election districts. d. the existence of state laws prohibiting the placement of a third major party on the ballot. e. proportional representation.

c. the existence of single-member election districts.

Scholars estimate that turnout would be roughly ________ percentage points higher in the United States if the U.S. had European-style registration. Select one: a. 2 b. 5 c. 7 d. 10 e. 15

d. 10

The average pay for full-time female employees is about ________ percent of that for full-time male employees. Select one: a. 93 b. 50 c. 65 d. 80 e. 70

d. 80

Which of the following broadcast news sources has seen its audience grow since the early 1990s? Select one: a. ABC b. CBS c. NBC d. NPR e. None of these answers is correct.

d. NPR

Over the last century, which newspaper has had a lasting reputation as the country's best newspaper? Select one: a. Washington Times b. Miami Herald c. Los Angeles Times d. New York Times e. Chicago Tribune

d. New York Times

The first large and well-organized attempt to promote women's rights came in 1848 in Select one: a. Boston, Massachusetts. b. San Francisco, California. c. Minneapolis, Minnesota. d. Seneca Falls, New York. e. Madison, Wisconsin.

d. Seneca Falls, New York.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was aimed at eliminating discrimination Select one: a. by governments in their conduct of elections (e.g., registration, placement of polling booths). b. by private individuals in their social relationsbigoted statements and other acts of prejudice are unlawful under most circumstances. c. by governments in their job practices and provision of services (e.g., schools, roads). d. by private individuals in their employment practices and in their operation of public accommodations (e.g., hotels, restaurants). e. All of these answers are correct.

d. by private individuals in their employment practices and in their operation of public accommodations (e.g., hotels, restaurants).

Prospective voting is characterized by Select one: a. a sudden shift in the vote from one party to another. b. choices based on party loyalty. c. choices based on a candidate's past performance. d. choices based on what candidates promise to do if elected. e. the symbolism of a candidate's personality.

d. choices based on what candidates promise to do if elected.

The Tea Party's key initial issue was Select one: a. support for American military involvement in Iraq. b. support for American military involvement in Afghanistan. c. opposition to President Obama's climate change policies. d. opposition to high taxes. e. opposition to the Occupy Wall Street movement.

d. opposition to high taxes.

Party dealignment is Select one: a. essentially the same as party realignment. b. a process that has discouraged the formation of third parties. c. a process that has strengthened the major parties. d. a process that refers to American political parties in the early 1800s. e. None of these answers is correct.

e. None of these answers is correct.

The Supreme Court Select one: a. has ruled that even forms of symbolic speech considered to be dangerous to the public are protected. b. ruled during the Vietnam war that the burning of draft registration cards was a protected form of symbolic speech. c. has reduced its protections of symbolic speech dramatically, and recently has ruled against flag burning as a form of protected symbolic speech. d. has protected symbolic speech much more substantially than it has protected verbal speech. e. has generally protected symbolic speech, though less substantially than it has protected verbal speech.

e. has generally protected symbolic speech, though less substantially than it has protected verbal speech.