American History Misterm
What new invention finally brought an end to the open range on the Great Plains?
Barbed Wire prevented cattle drives from happening, as the barbed wire blocked their cattle routes.
What led to the start of boomtowns, and what caused their decline?
Boomtowns were caused by a discovery of Gold or Silver in a certain area caused a population influx, and a resulting town. Once the resource was gone, the people left, the town economy collapsed, and the remaining people went away.
What were the two basic types of workers in American industry at this time?
Common workers, or people who had the common and unskilled jobs, and craftsmen, who had specialized jobs and made much more money.
What new methods of selling products were developed in the late 1800s?
Companies switched to large stores that sold many products instead of specializing in one. They also started owning chain stores, or many stores owned by the same company, as well as much larger advertisements, such as large boards or road signs.
What did President Johnson do that convinced Congress that he was not carrying out the laws Congress had passed for Reconstruction?
He offered people who did not qualify for amnesty amnesty, but only if they begged. He also let southern states back in with little repercussions, and only seemed to punish Rich White Southerners.
Who was Thaddeus Stevens, and what role did he play in Reconstruction?
He was a main advocate for Black Rights and strongly anti slavery before the war. He was a senator and the once of the main fighters to keep reconstruction going.
How did inventions contribute to economic growth in the United States in the late 1800s?
It allowed for cheaper and more efficient to produce things faster, thus it allowed for more money to be made, and products to be bought at cheaper prices.
Why was wheat a suitable crop to grow on the Great Plains?
It could grow with less rain than normal crops, it was easily plantable and harvestable, it was cheap to come buy, and was used in many, many foods.
What effects did the Emancipation Proclamation have on the war?
It gave the War a moral cause, and it prevented both Britain and France from joining the war on the confederate side.
When was the Ku Klux Klan formed, and what was its goal?
It was a white supremecist group that acted as a paramilitary arm for the Democratic Party. Their goal was to prevent African Americans from voting and having other rights.
They african Americans who voted for the republican ticket. This implies that only white people voted republican, which was absolutely untrue.
Lincoln wanted to bring in the confederate states as soon as possible, and would let them in as long as they ratified the 13th amendment. It would have failed because It had no basis to enforce anything the Republicans wanted done, and would have resulted in a system similar to the one they had just fought to destroy.
What was the main conflict between Presidents Lincoln and Johnson and Congress over Reconstruction?
President Lincoln wanted to bring the confederate states back into the union as quickly as possible. Johnson simply wanted revenge on the rich white people in the south, and did not actually care for the country, and Congress wanted to punish the south and bring them back in slowly.
What attempts did nativist groups make to decrease immigration to the United States in the late 1800s?
The APA wanted to stop catholic Immigration, and the Working Man's party wanted to stop Chinese Immigration.
What were the military advantages of the North and South at the start of the Civil War
The North had superior industrial Power, manpower, a navy, and superior technology. The South had a defensive advantage, superior tactics and generals, and they had the cotton trade with Europe.
How did the Civil War affect the economies of the North and the South?
The Northern economy was largely unaffected and even had a boost from the increased wartime production. The Southern economy was in shambles.
What movements in the late 1800s addressed urban problems?
The Temperance movement wished to limit alcohol consumption to stop the alcoholism problem. The Socialist movement wanted to improve conditions with the workforce, but in a more radical way than Labor Unions.
The United States had an advantage in industrializing due to its resources and large workforce. What resources did the nation have? Why was its workforce large?
The United states had access to large quantities of lumber, Gold, Oil, Iron, coal, and farmland. Their workforce grew very rapidly due to mass immigration from other countries.
How did the railroads boost the settlement of the West?
The companies would sell the land given to them by the government to the settlers. They also did most of the advertising, and their railroads allowed easy transportation to the west, and their railroad stations created towns.
What events brought the way of life of the Plains Indians to an end?
The expansion of ranches and farms closed off much of their hunting ground, and Railroads had to shoot lots of buffalos who constantly walked onto their tracks.
What was the goal of the Tenure of Office Act?
The goal was to prevent Johnson from firing cabinet members who supported Radical Republican goals.
How did the Civil War affect the South's economy?
Their economy was obliterated due to their fields and farms being burned. They lost lots of men from the working class in the war, and their slave economy was completely shattered.
Why did workers try to organize labor unions in the United States in the late 1800s?
Their working conditions were dangerous and unsafe, their pay was awful, and they had almost no power to change it unless they organized.
Who were the "Black Republicans," and what did this name imply?
They african Americans who voted for the republican ticket. This implies that only white people voted republican, which was absolutely untrue.
What did realist authors such as Mark Twain and Henry James write about?
They attempted to write about the actual quality of life among the general population, and bring light to the incredible poverty of the cities and suburbs.
Some leaders, both Northern and Southern, argued that the South should develop a different kind of economy after the Civil War. What kind of economy did they create?
They created a semi industrial economy that still relied heavily on agriculture to support it.
What problems did cities in the United States face in the late 1800s?
They faced high levels of poverty and population growth that they couldn't control which led to overcrowding and general lack of hygiene around the city.
How did the federal government encourage railroad companies to construct railroads?
They gave them lots of land along the side of the railroads and other land elsewhere as a method
What constitutional amendments were Southern states asked to ratify before they could reenter the Union?
They had to ratify the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments.
What motivated Radical Republicans to pass civil rights legislation on behalf of African Americans?
They knew that passing these laws would continue to guarantee election victories from the African American Community.
How did African Americans seek to improve their lives once they gained their freedom?
They often moved up north to avoid the increased oppression and racism in the South. They attempted to become educated to get better jobs, or improve their knowledge of farming that they already had from Slavery.
How did the black codes prevent African Americans from achieving equality?
They often restricted their voting rights by requiring a literacy test, a poll tax, or even a grandfather clause. They also had les general rights due to loopholes in the systems.
Why did the end of slavery not bring about equality for African Americans?
They still did not have the same rights as white people, and they often had their rights supressed because of the racial tension still there from slavery. They only thing they gained from the end of slavery was they couldnt be forced to work without pay anymore.
What tactics did Southern Democrats use to try to regain political power?
They used bargaining tactics and also some illegal tactics involving paramilitary groups such as the KKK.
Why did African Americans in the 1870s lose some of the political power that they had gained during Reconstruction?
Union troops left the south and thus reconstruction was no longer enforced, and organizations like the Ku Klux Klan were able to stop acting in secret and do bigger things to suppress black rights.
What supposedly were the provisions of the Compromise of 1877?
Union troops would withdraw from the south, and the Democrats would sede the election.
How did the Chinese in the United States react to the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?
Unskilled Chinese laborers were stripped of citizenship and had economic boundaries placed on them. Immigration from China was also banned for 10 years.