American History Unit 3
What was the outcome of the election of 1800? What was significant about who won? How did the election of 1800 impact the Constitution?
"Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson defeated Federalist John Adams by a margin of seventy-three to sixty-five electoral votes in the presidential election of 1800. When presidential electors cast their votes, however, they failed to distinguish between the office of president and vice president on their ballots. https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/elections/election1800.html
marbury vs. madison (1803)
Madison, legal case in which, on February 24, 1803, the U.S. Supreme Court first declared an act of Congress unconstitutional, thus establishing the doctrine of judicial review. The court's opinion, written by Chief Justice John Marshall, is considered one of the foundations of U.S. constitutional law. https://www.britannica.com/event/Marbury-v-Madison
French Revolution
The revolution that began in 1789, overthrew the absolute monarchy of the Bourbons and the system of aristocratic privileges, and ended with Napoleon's overthrow of the Directory and seizure of power in 1799.
Treaty of San Lorenzo
This 1795 treaty with Spain is also known as Pinckney's Treaty. It gave the US unrestricted access to the Mississippi River and established the border between the US and Spanish Florida.
South Carolina Nullification Controversy
a conflict between the U.S. state of South Carolina and the federal government of the United States in 1832-33. ... Calhoun, who opposed the federal imposition of the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 and argued that the U.S. Constitution gave states the right to block the enforcement of a federal law. https://www.britannica.com/topic/nullification-crisis
Pinckney's Treaty
agreement between the united states and spain that changed floridas border and made it easier for american ships to use the port of new orleans
precedent
an earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide to be considered in subsequent similar circumstances.
How did voting rights change in the early 1800s?
states started eliminating the property owning requirements in order to vote. That meant more people started to vote.
assimilate
(v.) to absorb fully or make one's own; to adopt as one's own; to adapt fully
The Bank War (1832-1836)
*Major Events:* Erupted when Henry Clay sought to renew the Bank's charter before the Election of 1832. Jackson vetoed the bill then ordered all federal deposits in the bank to be withdrawn. Two Secretaries of the Treasury refused and were removed from office. Jackson was censured by the U.S. Senate. Bank president *Nicholas Biddle* called in loans from across the country resulting in a financial crisis. The Bank lost its charter in 1836 and went out of business five years later.
Louisiana Purchase (1803)
A territory in the west central U.S. purchased from France for $15 million; extended from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada. *Historical Significance:* Protected trade access to the port of New Orleans and free passage on the Mississippi River; contributed to the growing slavery debate in the U.S.
Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)
A formal announcement issued by President George Washington on April 22, 1793, declaring the United States a neutral nation in the conflict between Great Britain and France.
XYZ Affair (1797)
Diplomatic conflict between France and the United States when American envoys to France were asked to pay a hefty bribe for the privilege of meeting with the French foreign minister. Many in the U.S. called for war against France, while American sailors and privateers waged an undeclared war against French merchants in the Caribbean.
Whiskey Rebellion (1794)
Farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion.
Cherokee Nation in the 1820s & explain how the relationship with the Native Americans changed over time.
In the 1820s and 1830s Georgia conducted a relentless campaign to remove the Cherokees. Between 1827 Cherokee Trail of Tears and 1831 the Georgia legislature extended the state's jurisdiction over Cherokee territory and set in motion a process to seize the Cherokee land, divide it into parcels, and offer the parcels in a lottery to white Georgians. The discovery of gold on Cherokee territory in 1829 further fueled the desire of Georgians to possess their land. The following year Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, which authorized U.S. president Andrew Jackson to negotiate removal treaties with Native American tribes. Ross and other leaders fought government efforts to separate the Cherokees from their land and appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. In Worcester v. Georgia (1832) the Court held that the Cherokee Indians constituted a nation holding distinct sovereign powers, but the decision would not protect the Cherokees from removal. https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/cherokee-indians
Corrupt Bargain/Election of 1824
In this election all 5 running candidates were Democratic Republicans; Jackson won both the popular and electoral voters-Henry Clay dropped out and supported Adams and with his support John Quincy Adams becomes president.
Who was President after John Quincy Adams? Was he qualified to be President? Explain his spoils system. What was the social, political, and economic impact of his presidency?
Jackson was elected the seventh president of the United States in 1828. Known as the "people's president," Jackson destroyed the Second Bank of the United States, founded the Democratic Party, supported individual liberty and instituted policies that resulted in the forced migration of Native Americans. He died on June 8, 1845. https://www.biography.com/us-president/andrew-jackson
Who was the next President after George Washington? Do some research on his Presidency, what were the social, economic, and political challenges during his administration?
John Adams, a remarkable political philosopher, served as the second President of the United States (1797-1801), after serving as the first Vice President under President George Washington. Learned and thoughtful, John Adams was more remarkable as a political philosopher than as a politician. https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/john-adams/
Research John Quincy Adams' presidency, was he qualified to be President? How did he propose to help the economics of the U.S.?
On February 9, 1825, the House of Representative elected John Quincy Adams as the sixth President of the United States after the electoral college failed to produce a winner. https://millercenter.org/president/john-quincy-adams/key-events
Indian Removal Act of 1830
Passed by Congress on May 28, 1830, during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. It authorized the president to negotiate with Indians tribes in the Southern U.S. for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their homelands. The act was strongly supported by non-native people of the South, who were eager to gain access to lands inhabited by the Five Civilized Tribes. The Removal Act paved the way for the reluctant migration of tens of thousands of American Indians to the West, an event widely known as the "Trail of Tears".
Corrupt Bargain
Refers to the presidential election of 1824 in which Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, convinced the House of Representatives to elect Adams rather than Jackson.
The Native American Policy
The Creeks' leader was Alexander McGillivray, a mixed-race chief who spoke fluent English and was a shrewd negotiator. Twenty-eight Creek chiefs led by McGillivray accepted Washington's invitation to travel to New York in the summer of 1790 to negotiate a new treaty. The result was the Treaty of New York which restored to the Creeks some of the lands ceded in the treaties with Georgia, and provided generous annuities for the rest of the land. It also established a policy and process of assimilation called "civilization," aiming to attach tribes to permanent land settlements. Under the policy tribal members would be given "useful domestic animals and implements of husbandry" to encourage them to become "herdsman and cultivators" instead of "remaining in a state as hunters."2 https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/native-american-policy/
Trail of Tears (1838-1839)
The forced removal of about 15,000 Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, and Seminole Indians west; a quarter of them died along the way. they did not have time to prepare for the journey.
Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)
passed by Federalists, signed by President Adams;; increased waiting period for an immigrant to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years, empowered president to arrest and deport dangerous aliens, & made it illegal to publish defamatory statements about the federal government or its officials.
War of 1812 (1812-1815)
was a military conflict fought between the forces of the United States of America and those of the British Empire.The Americans declared war in 1812 for a number of reasons, including a desire for expansion into the Northwest Territory, trade restrictions because of Britain's ongoing war with France, impressment of American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy, British support of American Indian tribes against American expansion, and the humiliation of American honour.
