american politics ch 8

Which two political parties were competitive during the first party system?

-Democratic-Republicans -Federalists

To date, the Internet has proven itself to be better than television as a medium for

-mobilizing supporters. -fundraising.

A permanent shift in party allegiances or electoral support is known as a party

realignment

America's plurality, or winner-take-all, system of electing candidates works to the disadvantage of

third parties.

Current election laws in the United States favor

two-party system

Which of the following characteristics of political campaigns have undergone change?

-amount of money required -length of the campaign -focus of the campaign

What percentage of voters today cast a split ticket?

20 percent

True or false: Local party organizations are stronger today than they were in the days of the political machines.

False

The strongest reform party in U.S. history was the

Progressive Party.

Which party benefited from the 1896 realignment, which was triggered by an economic depression following a banking crisis under President Grover Cleveland?

Republican Party

Which are the major political parties in the United States?

Republican Party Democratic Party

Which of the following voting blocs has moved heavily into the Democratic Party since the 1960s?

black Americans

What group was most concerned about what Scammon and Wattenberg called the "social Issue"?

conservative Christians

The most important minor parties in the 20th century have been ______ parties.

factional

Third parties that break off from one of the two dominant parties are known as

factional parties.

A(n) ______ primary is one in which any registered voter, regardless of party affiliation, may vote.

open

The groups and interests that support a political party are collectively referred to as a

party coalition.

In Britain's 2017 election, the Liberal Democrats received 7 percent of the national vote and, thereby, roughly 7 percent of the seats in Parliament. This is an example of a _____ system.

proportional representation

Voting for a candidate's promises rather than his or her past actions is an example of what is called ______ voting.

prospective

Third parties formed to promote a stance on a particular issue are known as

single-issue parties.

During the 1930s the Democratic Party became the party of federal power rather than the ______ party.

states' rights

Primaries in which candidates of both parties are on the same ballot and the top-two finishers compete in the general election are called ______ primaries.

top-two

Over ______ percent of presidential campaigns spending is for media.

59

Even if a third-party candidate fails to win an election, the candidate has still done which of the following to help the third party succeed?

-drawn attention to an issue previously ignored by the two major candidates -encouraged the major parties to address issues introduced by the third party

Today's political campaigns rely on which of the following to be successful?

-pollsters -media producers -campaign strategists

Which of the following sum up the various functions of political consultants?

-production of promotional materials -advising on how to run a successful campaign -gathering voter opinions

What percentage of party activists work within local political party organizations?

95 percent

Which president was elected under his promise that he would do something about the Great Depression?

Franklin D. Roosevelt

The strongest ideological party in U.S. history was the

Populist Party.

Which of the following voting blocs was largely notable for its migration to the Republican Party during the 1980s?

Southern whites

How did many of the founders of the United States view political parties?

They viewed political parties with suspicion.

True or false: Rather than being the result of an abrupt shift in response to a single disruptive issue, realignments are caused by gradual changes in response to several issues.

True

The main opposition to the Democratic Party in the 1830s and 1840s was the ______ Party, which eventually died out.

Whig

Which party formed during the 1830s was competitive against the Jacksonian Democratic Party?

Whig Party

Countries with multiparty systems tend to have what kind of electoral system?

a proportional representation system

All party organizations have a responsibility to

build support among voters

Political parties began to emerge in the United States

in spite of many of the founding fathers' mistrust of them.

As compared to on television, ______ have greater control over the message on the Internet.

individual users

Many voters cast a ______, where they only vote for candidates of one party.

straight ticket

Which of the following led to the start of the political party realignment in the 1930s that worked to the benefit of the Democratic Party?

the Great Depression

When does a national party committee defer to the president to chose a national chair?

when the party controls the White House

What is another name for the plurality system?

winner take all system

Which of the following are true of Hispanic voters in the United States?

-Hispanics tend to be liberal on economic issues and conservative on social issues. -They lean heavily toward the Democratic Party, except for Cuban Americans.

What purpose does party competition serve in American politics?

-It narrows down options for voters. -It allows groups of voters to act in unison.

Which of the following states have closed/partially closed primaries?

-North Carolina -Florida -Nevada

Since the Great Depression, which party's agenda has included a strong commitment to provide a safety net for the most vulnerable members of society?

Democratic

Which of the following statements describe how U.S. campaigns are both party centered and candidate centered?

The same parties are represented nationwide. Candidates organize their own campaigns.

True or false: The median voter theory helps to explain why a party may lose an election when it veers too far from the middle of the ideological spectrum.

True

What is the term Darrell West uses to describes candidates' use of televised ads?

air wars

Which of the following best describes the voting electorate after the expansion of voting rights during the era of Jacksonian democracy?

all white males

In general, political parties are made up of a ______ constituency of supporters.

broad

Because of the increasing cost of political campaigns,

candidates must constantly work to raise funds.

In the era of Jacksonian democracy, the efforts of local party organizations, along with the extension of voting rights to citizens without property, contributed to an almost ______ increase in election turnout.

fourfold

Although state parties do not work full time, they are ______ likely to have full-time employees than local parties.

more

On a variety of issues, white women hold opinions that are on average ______ than those of white men.

more liberal

A ______ political system is made up of at least three political parties.

multiparty

A state that permits all registered voters, regardless of party affiliation, to vote in a primary election has what type of primary system?

open

Which of the following ranks the amount of media coverage of candidates from highest to lowest?

presidential candidates, Senate candidates, House candidates

Which of the following contributed to the decline of the old system of party organizations?

primary elections

Voting for a candidate's past performance rather than future promises is an example of what is called ______ voting.

retrospective

Today, political candidates tend to

set up and run their own campaign organizations

Who oversees the day-to-day operations of the political party's national organization?

the national chair

A state that prevents members of one political party from voting for another party's nominees has which type of primary?

closed