American Popular Music Exam 3

cadence

a melodic or harmonic event that signals the end of a musical line or section, or of the piece as a whole

overdubbing

a method used in sound recording that allows for several different parts to be recorded separately and then layered over one another in playback

Janis Joplin

competition to Grace Slick on the San Fransisco rock scene and was the most successful white blues singer of the 1960s

Sing songwriter

cross of urban folk & commercial pop; Paul Simon, Carole King, James Taylor

Disco

dance, studio production, insistent beat;Donna Summer, Chic, Village People, Bee Gees

Creedence Clearwater Revival

definitive male vocal group of the 1960s; Despite their San Francisco Bay Area origins, they played in a Southern rock style, with lyrics about bayous, catfish, the Mississippi River, and other popular elements of Southern United States iconography, as well as political and socially-conscious lyrics about topics including the Vietnam War

disco

derived from the word "discotheque" first used in Europe in the 1960s to refer to nightclubs devoted to the playing of recorded music for dancing

Elton John

pop rock singer know for his great performances and sparkly outfits

Pop rock

upbeat rock variety; Elton John, Paul McCartney, Rod Stewart, Peter Frampton

David Bowie

"glam rock" pioneer who emphasized elaborate showy personal appearance and was know for The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars (1972)

Sam Cooke

"king of soul" who began his career as a gospel singer who tried to remain politically neutral but sang songs like "A Change is Gonna Come"

Barry White

African American singer, songwriter, arranger, conductor and producer who recorded "Love's Theme"

Donna Summer

Donna Summer, was an American singer, songwriter, and actress. She gained prominence during the disco era of the late 1970s; first artist to have three consecutive double albums reach No. 1 on the United States Billboard 200 chart and charted four number-one singles in the U.S. within a 12-month period

Latin stream

Latin soul (dance based songs) became popular in NY by Ray Barretto; Bossa Nova popular in LA by Antonio Carlos Jobim; Mexico there was Ameriachi with influence from Herp Alpert & Tijuana Brass

Supremes

Motown sister groups to the Temptations led by Diana Ross

Ray Barretto

NY born musician and bandleader of Puerto Rican descent who played conga and is well know for the song "El Watusi" based on the charanga

Brill Building

NYC office building where several major music publishers and record labels located their operations in the late 1950s and early 1960s--associated with producers like Phil Spector and Don Kirschner

Soft Soul

R&B with orchestral accompaniment; O'Jays, Spinners, Al Green, Barry White

Beatles

a band modeled after Buddy Holly and the Crickets, played in clubs in Liverpool and did covers of American rock and roll, all members of the band wrote

bossa nova

a blend of samba rhythms; a sophisticated Brazilian tradition of songs composition and the West Coast style of modern jazz, which emphasized relaxed tempos, sophisticated harmonies, and cool, cerebral emotional atmosphere

soul music

a combination of the intensity of African American gospel with popular R&B styles, exemplified in the late 1960s by Aretha Franklin and James Brown

jazz rock

a fusion of jazz improvisation with rock instrumentation and rhythms, pioneers by artists like Miles Davis

bugalu

a fusion of rumba and mambo with black american popular music- "Watermelon Man" a 1963 hit for Ramon "Mongo" Santamaria is considered a classic example

Jerry Garcia

a guitarist, banjoist, and singer who had played in various folk groups during the 1960s and created the Grateful Dead out of multiple bands; helped pioneer urban folk music to folk rock to acid rock

countrypolitan

a popular style of country music that emerged in Nashville in the mid01960s and combines elements of tradition country with mainstream pop sounds-- singers like Glen Campbell and Kenny Rodgers

concept album

a record album conceived an an artistic totality, rather than a collection of individual songs--Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band

counterculture

a subculture existing in opposition to and espousing values contrary to those of the dominant culture

soft rock

a term invented in the early 1970s to describe acoustic folk-rock as well as tuneful, soothing types of popular music that use electric instruments--the work of Carole King i the 1970s is representative

Simon and Garfunkel

acoustic urban folk duo in 1965; producer overdubbed electric rock band to "Sounds of Silence" and released it as a single (unbeknownst to them); became number one hit in 1966

synthesizers

an electronic instrument, usually incorporating a keyboard, capable of producing complex sounds through the manipulation of wave shapes

Beach Boys

band formed by Brian Wilson had a mastery of early rock ballads, created original material based on rock and roll but soon extended the style, wrote songs like "Fun, Fun, Fun" and "Surfin' USA"

Carlos Santana

began career by playing in nightclub bars in Tijuana; moved to San Fransisco and put together a group of middle and working class latino, black, and white musicians; latin american substream in rock music

Joni Mitchell

canadian singer/songwriter who would draw from folk, pop, rock and jazz; her songs often reflect social and environmental ideals as well as her feelings about romance, confusion, disillusionment and joy

Bubble Gum

cheerful, preteen audience; Jackson Five, Osmonds

sampler

digital recording process wherein a sound source is recorded or sampled with a microphone, converted into a stream of binary numbers that represent the profile of the sound, quantizes, and stored in computer memory

Olivia Newton-John

english and australian country singer who scored 10 country pop crossover hits and won the CMA Female country artist of the year in 1974

Cynthia Weil

female songwriter working for Phil Spector in the Brill Building

Jefferson Airplane

first nationally successful San Fran band who started with folk rock and then moved to louder, harder sound; used lots of distortion and volume; had communal writings of songs and then shorten them for radio play; sang "Somebody to Love"

Jimi Hendrix

guitarist who expanded on legacy of technique, volume, and improvisation; innovative and influential; would often play with teeth or behind his back; used distortion, feedback, and sound manipulating devices; not a great deal of success on charts

Berry Gordy Jr.

had a Detroit based independent label that did writing, producing and marketing; creator of Motown

Patsy Cline

had her first country hit "Walkin' After Midnight" which had bluesy vocal inflections, crooning vocal backgrounds, and high piano (honky-tonk) influences

Ray Charles

had success in both R&B and rock and roll; had a gospel and blues vocal approach by adding words, moans, and shakes; tried country but failed and had success on pop and R&B charts but not country

The Allman Brothers Band

important band from the American South, connected blues to mainstream rock music and jazz improve; established southern rock

Carole King

important singer songwriter in 1970s who finally achieved some fame through her album Tapestry

The Eagles

inherited the distinction of singing about Souther Cali from the Beach Boys; sang the song "Hotel California"

Stevie Wonder

is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, and multi-instrumentalist. A child prodigy, he is considered to be one of the most critically and commercially successful musical performers of the late 20th century ;HE signed with Motown's Tamla label at the age of 11, and he continued performing and recording for Motown into the 2010s. He has been blind since shortly after birth

Charlie Rich

know as the "Silver Fox"; talented jazz and blues pianist who was a rockabilly artist and became the Country Music Association's Entertainer of the Year in 1974

Grace Slick

lead singer of Jefferson Airplane and was one of the most important female musicians on the San Fransisco scene

Brian Wilson

leader of the Beach Boys who acknowledge his reliance on early rock; was a second generation rock and roller; moved his music beyond earlier influences to areas of meaning to him and his particular time & place; created rocks first concept album as a response to Beatles Rubber Soul

Herb Alperto

led the Tijuana Brass and produced famous songs like "The Lonely Bull"

Barry Man

male songwriter who worked in the Brill Building and wrote songs for Phil Spector

Eric Clapton

most infuential British guitarist; inspired by Robert Johnson and BB Kin; played with the Yardbirds and later Cream; millions of album sales in late 60s

Joao Gilberto

musician, guitarist, and singer often credited with initiating the bossa nova

"Oldies" radio formaat

nostalgic tendencies that renew popularity of Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry

Adult Contemporary

old crooner tradition: Barbara Streisand, Neil Diamond, Roberta Flack, Carpenters

Glen Campbell

originally worked with western swing bands; then in the late 60s he had hits that hit the crossover charts and began hosting his own network television series

Chubby Checker

rock and roll singer well know for The Twist which reached number one in 1960

James Brown

singer who sang R&B, soul and pop; vocal stylings involved repeating words with heightened emotion through repeated rhythm rather than words; sang songs like "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag" and was seen as contributor to AA life and politics

Aretha Franklin

singer who went through a long period of pop before her breakthrough with Atlantic records in 1967; started singing gospel; known for her power and intensity of voice, co-wrote many songs and played piano; symbol of black female power

Country pop

soft rock with country influences; Joh Denver, Kenny Rodgers

The Twist

song with dance that was able to be performed by anyone, gained tremendous popularity among teens and adults and reached No. 1 twice on the charts: sang by Chubby checker

John Denver

started in an urban folk movement in the 60s and later had hits in 70s that still had acoustic guitar as the main instrument; "Take Me Home, Country Roads" and "Rocky Mountain High" which were considered country records; big crossover success

counterpoint

the sounding of two independent melodic lines or voices against one another

Merle Haggard

the spirit of hardcore country, beganing play odd nights jobs and was at the center of the rockabilly style; used electric instruments

Bob Dylan

urban folk singer who did primarily acoustics and looked down at rock as "unserious" music; put emphasis on qualities of songs and writing and imagery; bad vocals; eventually went electric and lost support of many; wrote "Blowin' in The Wind" and "Like a Rolling Stone"

Ramon "Mongo" Santamaria

was a virtuoso conguero who recorded "Watermelon Man" which was the biggest hit for Latin bugalu

Mile Davis

was an American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, and composer. He is among the most influential and acclaimed figures in the history of jazz and 20th century music. With his ever-changing directions in music, Davis was at the forefront of a number of major stylistic developments in jazz over his five-decade career.[1]

Marvin Gaye

was an American singer, songwriter and record producer with fusion of soul and gospel influence. Gaye helped to shape the sound of Motown in the 1960s; he recorded the concept albums What's Going On and Let's Get It On and became the first artist in Motown (followed by Stevie Wonder) to break away from the reins of their production company.

Dolly Parton

was an established country music star who moved to pop; CMA Female Singer of the Year in 75 and 76; had her own national television series

Phil Spector

was an original member of The Teddy Bears, but would go on to work behind the scenes in writing and producing; formed his own; independent record label (Phillies) and would produce songs with a very specific "wall of sound" style; used multiple part doublings but kept vocals clear: was a murderer

Burt Bacharach

wrote Tin Pan Alley songs for Dionne Warwick

Antonio Carlos Jobim

wrote the songs "Chega de Saudade" which was the first bossa nova song to be recorded

Dionne Warwick

young distinctive African American vocalist who sang R&B songs and was willing to cultivate for of a crooning sound for Tin Pan Alley sings