American Revolution
16. Navigation Laws
series of laws that restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England (after 1707 Great Britain) and its colonies
35. British East India Company
Was the only tea company that controlled all the tea imported into the colonies (Which led to their products destruction for not being able to trade with anyone else.)
19. Stamp act
British put a tax on all legal documents. It was later repealed.
21. Samuel Adams
Samuel Adams was a tax collector and did whatever he had to do to get ahead of everyone else. He was the leader of the Sons of Liberty.
36. Boston Tea Party
"Destruction of tea" by colonists dressed up as Tomahawks was the act of intimidation and disregarding Britain's raised tea tax.
18. Sugar Act
A law passed by British Parliament in 1764, raised duties on foreign sugar/molasses imported by the colonies, giving British sugar growers in the West Indies (West Indies Sugar Company) a monopoly on the colonial market. But this simply made smuggling more prominent.
40. Patriots
American colonists that had separate beliefs from King George; wanted freedom and complete separation from England. First continental congress, sons of liberty, etc formed as an attempt to do this (eventually successful with the Dec of independence)
39. Loyalists/Tories
American colonists that stayed loyal to the king's beliefs. Were punished by patriots (tarring and feathering) for simply doing their job
29. British reactions to revolutionaries boycotts, violence etc
Britain didn't do much. They refused to give revolutionaries a representative.
33. Boston Massacre
Clash that broke out between civilians and British troops in Boston in 1770. The British fired their rifles into a rioting crowd, killing 5 people. This increased the colonists' demand for revolution.
17. King George III
Considered to be a flawed ruler who appointed "incompetent" men as his ministers, (head of a government department), which resulted in things like the Stamp Act, the Townshend Acts, and many others. He was extremely hated by the Patriot Revolutionaries, making effigies, (life-sized doll), and burning them, defile pictures of him, and burn Tory's (American colonist who supported the British during the American Revolution) houses because they supported him. He didn't take advice from his advisors on the Revolutionary War, and it is told that he had strong determination to not acknowledge the American independence. He wanted to punish the American's stubborn refusal to comply with Britain's authority by indefinitely prolonging the War which he promised would be, "ongoing for eternity." He wanted to keep the rebels poor and harassed until their disappointment and displeasure was transformed into, "remorse and penitence," (feeling or showing sorrow and regret for having done wrong).
34. Crispus Attucks
First man killed in the Boston Massacre. Freed black slaves.
30. Quartering Act
Forced civilians to house in vacant private homes and other buildings and provide them food. 1774
28. Thomas Hutchinson
He was the lieutenant governor and chief justice and a loyalist. Revolutionaries surrounded his house and he told his family to leave, but his eldest daughter wouldn't leave without him so he left (That was his excuse for leaving) the drunken revolutionaries destroyed his home, costing about 25 pounds sterling in damage.
46. Thomas Paine (Common Sense)
He wrote the Common Sense and provided an argument for every kind of people. His points were: -We (as in America) would have been fine without the help from Britain. Britain thinks they are doing America a favor but they're not -America has enemies because they are "friends" with Britain. - Britain is not Americas mother, Russia is. Even if it was then it is bad parent because people from Britain are running away from their mother. - America doesn't have allies because they're friends with Britain. America has no complaints with Europe. Europe is the market for America's trade so we need to be "friends" with them. - If god wanted Britain to rule over America then he would have put them closer to each other and not put a giant ocean between them. -And it's hard to communicate. It would take 4 months to go -Small islands aren't capable of protecting an entire continent.there and 4 months to get back. They would never get anything done.
44. Hobbes v. Locke-Social Contract
Hobbes said in the Social Contract that citizens should give up their rights and obey their government, and the government should provide protection. Locke was famous for saying that every man should have 3 simple rights- life, liberty, and property. This was later stolen and changed to the pursuit of happiness by Thomas Jefferson in the Declaration
15. Ideological, economic and political changes before v. after the war in the relationship between Britain and the colonies
Ideological- They couldn't move west of the Appalachian Mountains because of the proclamation of 1763, and that was the whole goal of the war in the first place, so they had no choice but to revolt. Economic-Britain was in debt, so they wanted to tax the colonists more Political- Colonist thought of themselves as British subjects before the war, and after they called themselves Americans.
31. Declaratory Act
Said that Great Britain had the power to make any new law or pass any new tax at any time
4. Regulations on the colonies
In the beginning: British were "more lax in governing their colonies. English control over the colonists was minimal. British began paying more attention to the colonies and starting enforcing the laws. Colonists did not like this and began to not follow the laws. More regulations were put into place
32. Townshend Act
Indirect tax on imports such as glass, lead, paint, and paper
22. John Hancock
John Hancock always tried to impress Samuel Adams. He was a big smuggler and he was rich and stupid
6. Smuggling
John Hancock was the biggest smuggler out there. Smuggling was a form of moving goods illegally in or out of a country. In those days he smuggled tea. The British policies had struck them the hardest. No rice, no wheat, little tobacco was sent to trade with England.
7. Salutary Neglect
Salutary neglect was an undocumented, British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of laws, meant to keep the American colonies obedient to Great Britain.
5. Pros and cons for the colonies' economies
Pros were: provided the mother country with a market to which the colonists could sell profitable manufactured goods, they were provided protection and land, people bought their goods. It worked well for colonies that produced goods like southern and middle colonies. Also English military forces protected the colonies from potential attacks by the French and Spanish. Cons: the colonies were not able to trade with the enemy; if they did they would pay heavy duty import taxes. They were not able to ship goods or produce in enemy ships, engage in manufacturing activities that competed with citizens of the Mother Country. Not able to create laws or institutions that ran counter to the laws and institutional structures in the Mother Country.
3. Role of Colonies
Provide European mother country with cheap, raw material and tax revenue. Provide the mother country (England) with a market to which they could sell profitable manufactured goods.
47. Myths v the realities of the Revolutionary War (Berkin reading and class discussions)
Taxes imposed - really low -colonists did not defeat George Bush themselves - Spain France and Natives -Created a democracy ----> Confederacy ------> Republic -Only 1/3 wanted revolution -Founding Father & sons of Liberty's actions - Tarring and feathering - Founding Fathers weren't "saints" -John Hancock - smuggler -Sam Adams - Thief -Boston Teas party ....> lowered price of tea - Virtual Rep. - Brit reps. call of the colonists in Parliament
11. Treatment of colonial soldiers by British commanders
The colonial soldiers were treated terribly by the British commanders-- the British thought the colonial soldiers were of lower quality. Because of this the colonial militia wondered why they would be working for a side that mistreated them.
25. Actual representation v. Virtual representation
The colonists wanted to send 2 representatives from each colony to England to part take in the voting but parliament thought differently. Parliament felt that since the colonist were from Great Britain that they were "virtually" represented by those already in parliament.
26. How Loyalists were treated by Patriots
The loyalist were treated as traitors by patriots. If word got out that you were in favor of Great Britain then you were tortured and most likely tar and feathered. The patriots felt that it was idiotic for anyone to support Great Britain, after all of the taxation and such.
23. Daughters of Liberty
The women were equally as important as the men during this revolution. Since women often purchased consumer goods for the home, the Daughters of Liberty became instrumental in upholding the boycotts, especially boycotting tea. The most radical Daughters of Liberty refused to accept gentleman callers for themselves or for their daughters who were not sympathetic to the patriot cause.
45. Declaration of Independence-Author? How does it use Locke? Significance?
Thomas Jefferson wrote it and it uses Locke because he said life liberty and property, but Jefferson somewhat stole that and said life liberty and the pursuit of happiness.. It was a document ending the connection between GB and America, signed by many famous figures in 1776
27. Oliver Perry's View of Revolutionaries
Thought Sam Adams to be the Devil, thought he did anything to get ahead, stole tax money. Thought John Hancock kissed John Adam's butt, rich but stupid, mind was a blank slate. John Adams- tricked Hancock to build Houses and wharves, embezzled money, and was cunning and deceitful
10. French and Indian War
Who fought? Why did they fight? What was its significance? This war was between The French and the British colonists and they fought because it started out in the Ohio River valley where the English colonists wanted to expand to. The only issue was that the French already conquered that land. Virginia's gov. in 1754 demanded that they leave there forts and that's how the war started. The French had more advantage because they knew the land, but the British won the war because they sent in red coats to help in 1757, which helped turn the war around. This was a big significance because the only reason the British COLONISTS only fought to gain land, but the king wouldn't allow because they needed to pay back for the war. And it led to further issues such as the intolerable acts
20. Sons of liberty
a group led by John Hancock and Samuel Adams, the group tarred and feathered people because of taxes
37. Intolerable acts
acts imposed upon the colonists in response to the Boston tea party in December 1773. They closed the harbor, stopped colonists from holding their own meetings, forced citizens to house British troops, and stopped British troops from being tried in a court of Boston
13. Significance of the French defeat
because the French lost, America became an independent and free nation. It also gave America liberty, free press, right of speech, lower taxes, and many other rights.
2. Mercantilism
government regulation of a nation's economy in order to increase its power at the expense of rival nations.
1. Mercantilism benefits
it was self efficient and no wealth flowed out of borders. It was also to produce products other nations wanted.
38. First continental congress
meeting of Boston colonists to discuss the intolerable acts and their relationship with Britain. His congress had three objectives: to compose a statement of colonial rights, to identify British parliaments violation of those rights, and to provide a plan that would convince Britain to restore those rights
41. Lexington and Concord
the British army invaded the colonists at Lexington, Massachusetts. It was the first time that England was doing something about the colonists revolting and started the war
8. The French and Indian War
the war in America in which France and its Indian allies opposed England 1754-60: ended by Treaty of Paris in 1763.
14. The Proclamation of 1763
was issued on October 7, 1763 by King George the third. It prohibited settlements by whites on Indian Territory from west of the Appalachians and south of Hudson bay to Florida's and ordered white settlers to with draw it.
12. The Treaty of Paris
was signed in 1763 after Britain and the colonists won the French and Indian War. The main points of this treaty - The French lose all their colonies in North America - The Proclamation of 1763 comes from this-- prohibiting colonists from moving to the Appalachian Mountains - Great Britain need money because they are in debt from the war-- they try to get colonists pay more taxes.
24. "No taxation without representation!"
was the epitome of the 1750's and 1760's. The lack of representation that the colonists had was a violation of colonists' rights. All taxes and laws imposed during this time were seen as unconstitutional in the eyes of the colonists. It was also one of the main grievances by the colonies and a main cause of the American Revolution.
9. Conflict between the French and British colonists
was they both wanted colonial control in America, lucrative trade opportunities, and religious differences.
