AMH 2010 ch 1-3 study guide

When Native Americans first encountered Europeans, what led to the European diseases being so deadly?

Centuries of continental isolation meant the Native Americans had no immunity.

Who received most of the profits from trade between Native Americans and colonists?

Colonial and European merchants.

What role did religion play in Columbus's explorations?

Columbus wanted to convert Asians to Catholicism.

How did Native Americans view the concept of land ownership?

Families had the right to use land, but they did not actually own the land.

Which of the following is true of Spain's explorations of the New World?

Florida was the first region in the present-day continental United States that Spain colonized.

People from ________ were most likely to go to other European countries or rival colonies before settling in one of their own ________ colonies.

France; French

In what way was Puritan church membership a restrictive status?

Full membership required demonstrating that one had experienced divine grace.

What was in the "Declaration of Josephe"?

He declared that the Spanish God was dead.

What was Puritan leader and Massachusetts Bay governor John Winthrop's attitude toward liberty?

He saw two kinds of liberty: natural liberty, the ability to do evil, and moral liberty, the ability to do good.

Why did King Henry VIII break from the Catholic Church?

He wanted a divorce, and the Pope refused to grant it.

What was the most significant result of Ferdinand Magellan's explorations?

His voyages showed that the circumference of the earth was longer than what Columbus had estimated.

Which one of the following statements is true of Spanish emigrants to the New World?

Many of the early arrivals came to direct Native American labor.

Which of the following is true of freedom in New Netherland?

Married women retained a legal identity separate from that of their husbands.

In 1517, the German priest ________ began the Protestant Reformation by posting his Ninety-Five Theses, which accused the Catholic Church of worldliness and corruption.

Martin Luther

Which colony adopted the Act Concerning Religion in 1649, which institutionalized the principle of religious toleration?

Maryland.

A substantial difference between the Spanish colonies in Mexico and Santa Fe was that:

Mexico had more Spanish settlers because of gold.

When compared to European societies, how did Indian gender relations differ?

Most, but not all, Indian societies were matrilineal.

What benefited the Pilgrims when they landed at Plymouth?

Native Americans, decimated by disease, had left behind cleared fields for farming.

In the 1650s, who pushed England toward a policy of expanding territory and commercialism?

Oliver Cromwell.

Who was most likely to build the best relationships with the Native Americans?

Pilgrims.

The first permanent European settlement in the Southwest, established in 1610, was:

Santa Fe.

How did Pocahontas play a key role in Jamestown society?

She served as an intermediary between Powhatan and English leaders.

Which of the following is true of the Puritans' dealings with Quakers?

Their officials in Massachusetts punished Quakers financially and physically, even hanging several of them.

Which of the following is true of the Puritans of the seventeenth century?

They agreed that the Church of England retained too many elements of Catholicism in its rituals and doctrines.

To solidify Spain's unification, what did King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella do?

They married and combined their kingdoms.

To solidify control of Virginia, what did the English do?

They put the colony under the control of the crown.

Maryland was similar to Virginia in that:

Tobacco proved crucial to its economy and society

Religious dissension in England during the first half of the seventeenth century resulted in

a civil war.

"Coverture" refers to:

a woman surrendering her legal identity when she marries.

In the 1640s, leaders of the House of Commons:

accused the king of imposing taxes without parliamentary consent.

Where did the first peoples to the Americas come from?

asia

In 1607, the colonists who sailed to Jamestown on three small ships:

chose an inland site partly to avoid the possibility of attack by Spanish warships.

Anne Hutchinson's trial demonstrated that:

church elders lacked tolerance.

When Europeans arrived, many Native Americans:

did not see themselves as a single unified people.

Tobacco production in Virginia:

enriched an emerging class of planters and certain members of the colonial government.

For Native Americans along the Atlantic Coast, disease and:

environmental factors dramatically altered their way of life.

The minister Thomas Hooker:

expanded the number of men who could vote in Connecticut.

"Christian liberty" was the basis for religious toleration.

false

African society did not practice slavery before Europeans came.

false

Agriculture did not come to the American continents in Mexico and Peru until approximately one thousand years ago.

false

Columbus established the first permanent settlement on Hispaniola in 1502.

false

Columbus first sailed to what is now Venezuela.

false

Cortés conquered the capital city of the Aztec empire with an army of over 1,000 men.

false

Growing connections with Europeans lessened warfare between Indian tribes.

false

Puritans believed that the Church of England was not in need of reform.

false

Thanks to Martin Luther, the movable-type printing press is one of the most important inventions in modern times, helping to rapidly disseminate information around the world.

false

The Pilgrims intended to set sail for Cape Cod in 1620.

false

The Spanish were the first to sail down the western coast of Africa, establishing trading posts called factories.

false

The Virginia Company accomplished its goals for the shareholders and for its settlers.

false

The headright system led to fewer people from England coming to Virginia.

false

The mound builders were sophisticated ancient peoples living near Mexico City.

false

The romance between Pocahontas and John Smith led to their marrying in England, where she then died.

false

Under English law, women held many legal rights and privileges.

false

Virginia women who were femme sol were more likely to have the opportunity to conduct business.

false

Women in the early Virginia colony consisted of about half the white population.

false

Zheng He's voyages sparked Chinese interest in directly trading with Europe.

false

In the seventeenth century, New England's economy:

focused on the export of fish and timber.

The Half-Way Covenant of 1662 addressed:

generational conflicts

The Magna Carta:

granted a series of liberties, but mainly to lords and barons.

The Diggers of Great Britain:

influenced the development of the American colonies, because some of their members and ideas crossed the Atlantic to the New World.

African enslavement of other Africans:

involved the enslavement of criminals, debtors, and war captives.

The Pueblo Indians encountered by the Spanish in the sixteenth century:

perfected techniques of desert farming.

In their relations with Native Americans, the Dutch:

recognized Indian sovereignty over the land.

As governor of New Netherland, Petrus Stuyvesant:

refused the open practice of religion by Quakers and Lutherans.

For most New Englanders, Indians represented:

savagery

Pre-Columbian Native Americans lacked metal tools:

so Europeans felt they were superior.

An example of a freedom that most Native Americans would hold in high esteem would be:

the chance to work with other tribe members to build a house.

The Columbian Exchange was:

the transatlantic flow of plants, animals, and germs that began after Christopher Columbus reached the New World.

The Puritans believed that male authority in the household was:

to be unquestioned.

A Discourse Concerning Western Planting argued that English settlement of North America would strike a blow against Spain.

true

As enclosure of land resulted in fewer farmers, many of these people moved to English cities, becoming jobless and causing vagrancy.

true

Believing that tobacco was harmful to one's health, King James I warned against its use.

true

Early settlers of Jamestown preferred gold to farming.

true

For Indians, generosity was among the most valued social qualities.

true

Indians mostly traded furs and animal skins for European goods.

true

Jamestown was originally settled only by men.

true

Most, although not all, Indian societies were matrilineal.

true

The English increasingly viewed America as a land where a man could control his own labor and thus gain independence.

true

The Spanish reconquista removed the Moors from power in the Iberian Peninsula.

true

The Zuni, Hopi, and their earlier ancestors were dependent on canals for farming.

true

France's relations with Native American tribes can be described as a marriage of necessity because:

very few French came to North America.

In England, the idea of working for wages:

was associated with servility and the loss of liberty.

Intermarriage between English colonists and Native Americans in Virginia:

was very rare before being outlawed by the Virginia legislature in 1691.

In regard to geography, English colonies:

were in colder climates than Spanish colonies.

Most seventeenth-century migrants to North America from England:

were lower-class men.

The actions of Bartolomé de las Casas can best be described in modern-day terminology as that of a(n):

whistleblower.

In regard to history, what was a borderland?

A geographical and cultural border not clearly defined.

Which European city was known in the early seventeenth century as a haven for persecuted Protestants from all over Europe and even for Jews fleeing Spain

Amsterdam.

During the reign of _______, the English government turned its attention to North America by granting charters to Humphrey Gilbert and Walter Raleigh for the establishment of colonies there.

Elizabeth I

How did Richard Hakluyt explain his claim that there was a connection between freedom and colonization?

English colonization would save the New World from Spanish tyranny.

Where did early mound-building tribes flourish?

In the Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys.

What was the impact of King Philip's War (1675-1676)?

In the long run, the war produced a broadening of freedom for whites in New England.

________ described best the actions of the Puritan leaders in Massachusetts Bay.

Intolerant

Which indigenous group formed the Great League of Peace?

Iroquois

How did the Virginia Company reshape the colony's development?

It instituted the headright system, giving fifty acres of land to each colonist who paid for his own or another's passage.

In 1776, Adam Smith observed what fact about the Western Hemisphere?

Its discovery was one of the two greatest events in history

The Black Legend described:

Spain as a uniquely brutal colonizer.

What was a difference between Chinese and Portuguese navigation?

The Chinese were not looking to discover new places.

In colonial America, what was an example of a borderlands area?

The Great Lakes.

Unlike Spanish missionaries, the Jesuits did what in regard to converting Indians?

The Jesuits did not suppress traditional Indian religious customs.