AMH third exam chapter 11

14. In 1850, a majority of southern slaveholders owned how many slaves?

1 to 5.

10. In 1860, what percentage of southern white families were in the slaveowning class?

25 percent.

2. The U.S. slave population by 1860 was approximately:

4 million.

4. On the eve of the Civil War, approximately how much of the world's cotton supply came from the southern United States?

75 percent.

33. One study showed that how many slave men in the South did agricultural work?

90 percent.

43. Seeing themselves as a chosen people, blacks viewed which Biblical story as playing a central role in their version of Christianity?

Moses and the exodus from Egypt.

9. A slave who worked primarily in cotton fields most likely lived in:

Natchez, Mississippi.

7. Why could someone argue that the North was complicit in the expansion of slavery?

Northern factory demand for cotton steadily increased.

28. In an 1840 letter written from Canada, fugitive slave Joseph Taper asked for divine blessings upon:

Queen Victoria.

24. Which of the following statements about slavery and the law is true?

Slaves accused of serious crimes were entitled to their day in court, although they faced all-white judges and juries.

20. What did paternalism reinforce?

Slaves need to be watched carefully.

39. What was the key to developing an African-American slave community?

Slaves needed to have family members near them.

15. What resulted from the sexual exploitation of slave women?

Some wives of plantation owners resented when this happened and then punished slaves.

6. What economic effect did southern slavery have on the North?

Southern slavery helped finance industrialization and internal improvements in the North.

8. From 1800 to 1860, which of the following occurred to the South and its economy?

Because the South was a slave society, most immigrants stayed away.

31. Which of the following statements is accurate about the work done by southern slaves?

By the time of the Civil War, about 200,000 worked in industrial-type occupations.

3. In the nineteenth century, which product was the world's major crop produced by slave labor?

Cotton.

14. Slave traders tried hard to keep slave families together.

F

17. The Underground Railroad relied on trains in the South.

F

20. Denmark Vesey's 1822 slave rebellion resulted in the deaths of more than thirty whites in Charleston.

F

21. Nat Turner was not a particularly religious man.

F

32. When comparing colonial slavery to nineteenth-century slavery, what was a major difference?

In the colonial period, slaves rarely worked in cotton fields.

29. In Joseph Taper's letter to Joseph Long, how does Taper analyze his experience of living in Canada?

It has been the happiest month of his life.

34. Where did the task labor system originate?

It was a holdover from the colonial period.

13. Slaves frequently named children after other family members to retain family continuity.

T

15. When not in the field, slaves observed more traditional gender roles.

T

18. Most of the slaves who successfully escaped lived in the Upper South.

T

19. When slaves took control of the Amistad, they tried to get the crew to take the ship to Africa.

T

22. After Nat Turner's Rebellion, the Virginia legislature discussed ending slavery in that state.

T

23. Who said that the language in the Declaration of Independence—that all men were created equal and entitled to liberty—was "the most false and dangerous of all political errors"?

John C. Calhoun.

42. What role did Christianity play in slavery?

Teaching slaves about Christianity helped to reinforce the owners' ideas on paternalism.

30. In the New Testament, Jesus did not condemn slavery. What did this mean to southern slaveholders?

The New Testament could be used to endorse slavery.

41. Which of the following statements about religious life among African-Americans in southern cities is true?

Urban free blacks sometimes formed their own churches.

21. John C. Calhoun and George Fitzhugh:

agreed that slavery was not a necessary evil but something actually positive and good.

35. Urban slaves:

most often were domestic servants.

5. The internal slave trade in the United States involved the movement of hundreds of thousands of enslaved persons from:

older states like Virginia to the Lower South.

16. To qualify as a member of the planter class, a person had to be engaged in southern agriculture and:

own at least twenty slaves.

27. Free blacks in the South were allowed to:

own property.

18. In the South, the paternalist ethos:

reflected the hierarchical society in which the planter took responsibility for the lives of those around him.

17. Which event is credited with helping to ingrain the paternalist ethos more deeply into the lives of southern slaveholders?

The closing of the African slave trade.

19. Which of the following would have been a reflection of the paternalist ethos in southern slavery?

The owner felt responsible for his slaves because the slaves could not take care of themselves.

26. Why did southern slaves live in better conditions by the mid-nineteenth century than those in the Caribbean and South America?

The rising value of slaves made it profitable for slaveowners to take better care of them.

36. The plantation masters had many means to maintain order among their slaves. According to the text, what was the most powerful weapon the plantation masters had?

The threat of sale.

38. Jumping over a broomstick was a ceremony celebrating:

a slave marriage.

25. Celia was:

a slave tried for killing her master while resisting a sexual assault.

13. Andrew Johnson of Tennessee and Joseph Brown of Georgia rose to political power:

as self-proclaimed spokesmen of the common man against the great planters.

12. The relationship between rich southern planters and poor southern farmers:

benefited in part from a sense of unity bred by criticism from outsiders.

44. The Brer Rabbit stories of slave folklore:

celebrated how the weak could outsmart the more powerful.

40. Gender roles under slavery:

differed from those of white society because men and women alike suffered a sense of powerlessness.

16. As a general rule, slaveowners never allowed their slaves to listen to a white preacher in church.

false

11. Southern farmers in the backcountry:

generally worked the land using family labor.

1. Frederick Douglass argued that:

slaves were truer to the principles of the Declaration of Independence than were most white Americans.

45. Compared to slave revolts in Brazil and in the West Indies, slave revolts in the United States were:

smaller in scale and less frequent.

22. Defenders of American slavery claimed that British emancipation in the 1830s had been a failure because:

the freed slaves grew less sugarcane, which hurt the economy of the Caribbean.

37. Slave families:

were headed by women more frequently than were white families.