Ammo Capabilities

On a TOW missile what are the two functions the Ogive serves?

One unction is to serve as an aerodynamic cover for the forward end of the missile during flight. The other function is to detonate the fuze in the safely and arming device upon contact with the target.

Define Propellant.

o Compoistion that burns o producing gas preassure that forces the projectile assembly from the cartridge case down the gun barrel toward the target. The m242 uses slow burning propellant.

What is the M792?

o HEI-T

M919 APFSDS-T and M791 APDS-T Rounds are used to engage what?

o Light Armored Vehicles o Self Propelled Arty Vics o Helicopters (Beyond 1200m) o Slow moving fixed wing aircraft

What is the M791? penetrator.

o M791 APDS-T o projectile body conists of spin stabilized solid tungsten alloy penetrator

Define Flash tube.

o Part of the ignition sequence o Ignited by primer, which in turn ignites propellant in cartridge case. o only on the M919 APFSDS-T to ensure through burning of propellant.

M792 HEI-T is used to engage what types of targets?

o Unarmoured vehicles (beyond 900m) o ATGM teams (Beyond 900m) o Troop formations (Beyond 900m) o Helicopters (1200m and closer)

What is the M792 Markings?

o Yellow with red band and black markings and gold tip.

Define Rotating band.

o iron or nylon ring located in projectile assembly o engages lands and grooves of gun and seals propellant gasses behind the projectile during firing

Define obturator.

o rubber, nylon or copper ring that seals propellant gasses behind the projectile during fire o On the M919 reduced spin rate of projectile.

Define Booster pellet.

part of the ignition sequence of the ammunition. Ignited by primer, which in turn ignites the propellant in cartridge case

What is dummy ammunition used for?

practice gunnery related tasks; no penetrator, propellant, or explosive charge. Used for non-electrical check out of m242

Describe Self-destruct

If it does not hit the target, the projectile self-destructs at 3000 meters. However, depending on their severity, head winds, and tailwinds can reduce or increase the distance at which the round self-destructs

The Tow is?

solid propellant, command-guided, surface-attack, guided missile system.

What are the parts of the M791 penetrator?

solid tungsten alloy penetrator, pressed on aluminum Windscreen, pressed in tracer pellets, molded discarding type nylon sabot, staked aluminum base, welded or pressed on nylon nose cap

What Can a TOW destroy?

tanks and other armored vehicles, helicopters, fortified bunkers, gun emplacements and other protected postions

What is the MER of the M793?

1600m

How does the TOW 2B Fly?

2.25m over the gunners LOS.

What is the MER of the M910?

2000m

What is the M919 MER?

2500m

The 25mm Sabot Petal Danger Area is?

30 degrees left and right and 200 meters to the front

What is the Sabot Danger area for the 25mm?

30 degrees left and right of GTL and 200m down range.

What is the bursting radius of the M792 HEI-T?

5 Meters

What is the blast radius of the M792?

5m radius

How much clearance is needed at the end of the TOW launcher to fire a missile?

75 meters (50 meters danger and 25 meters caution)

What does the BGM-71H TOW BB warhead configuration enable it to breach?

8 inch thick double reinforced concrete walls.

What is the M793?

M793 TP-T

What are the three Tank Sabot rounds? What is it used to defeat?

M829A1 APFSDS-T; M829A2 APFSDS-T; M829A3 APFSDS-T; Tank and tank like targets

What are the Special purpose tank rounds?

M830 HEAT-MP-T; M830A1 HEAT-MP-T; Used to defeat armor, light armor, structures, obstacles and air targets. M908 HE-OR-T: Used to reduce obstacles between 200m and 1000m

What are the tank training rounds?

M831A1 HEAT-TP-T: Replicated M830 M1002 TPMP-T; Replicated M830A1 and M908; M865 TPCSDS-T: Replicates sabot rounds for training

What are the three training rounds for the M242?

M910 TPDS-T M793 TP-T M794 Dummy Round

What are the 120mm Mortar service rounds?

M929 WP: Screening and spotting M930 Illumination: Used for illumination and signaling M983 Illumination: Used for illumination M934 HE: Used against personnel (In the open or in bunker), light vehicles and light bunkers M933A1 HE: used against personnel (in open or in a bunker) light vehicles, and light bunkers

What is the mortar practice round?

M931 FRTR

What is training 120mm Mortar round?

M931 FRTR: Ballistaclly similary to M933A1 and M934

What are the types of Mortar service ammunition?

M933A1 HE M934 HE M929 WP M930 Illum M983 Illum

What is the M791 MER?

MER 2000m accurate for 2200m

What is the M792 MER?

MER Point 1600m MER Area 3000m

What is the MER of HEI-T 3000m?

Mechanical fuze(M758 fuze) detonates the round at approximately 3000m Tracer burn out is at 2000m, but observable up to 3000m 5 m bursing radius allows firer to engage both point and area targets out to 3000m however accuracy is decreased at 1600m

M792 HEI-T

Muzzle Velocity-- 1100 mps +/- 20 mps Tracer Burn Time-- >3.5s Bursting Radius-- 5m Arming Distance-- 10-200m Max Effective Range-- 3,000m (A) 1600m (P) Tracer Burn Range-- >2,000m Max Range-- 6,381m DODIC-- A975 Hazard Class-- 1.1 Description-- The projectile is yellow with a red band, black markings, and a gold tip.

M910 TPDS-T

Muzzle Velocity-- 1525mps +/- 20mps Tracer Burn Time-- >1.8s Max Effective Range-- 2,000m Tracer Burn Range-- >2,000m Max Range-- 6,404m DODIC-- A940 Hazard Class-- 1.2 Description-- The projectile is blue with white markings.

M793 TP-T

Muzzle Velocity--1100mps +/- 20mps Tracer Burn Time-- >3.5s Max Effective Range-- 1,600m Tracer Burn Range-- >2,000m Max Range-- 8,000m DODIC-- A976 Hazard Class-- 1.2 Description-- The projectile consists of a hollow body that is blue with white markings.

M791 APDS-T

Muzzle Velocity--1345 mps +/- 20 mps Tracer Burn Time-- >1.7s Max Effective Range-- 2000m (accurate to 2200m) Tracer Burn Range-- >2000m Max Range-- 14,578m DODIC-- A974 Hazard Class-- 1.2 Description-- The projectile, sabot, and nose cap are black with white markings.

M919 APFSDS-T

Muzzle Velocity--1385+/- 20mps Tracer Burn Time-- >1.8s Max Effective Range-- 2500m Tracer Burn Range-- 2500m Max Range-- 17,600m DODIC-- A986 Hazard Class-- 1.2 Description-- The projectile, sabot, and protective nose cap are black and the slip band nylon obturator is white. The round has a green rubber sealant between the sabot segment, the sabot penetrator, and the sabot and plastic cap.

Mortars are employed to do what?

Neutralize or destroy area or point targets, screen large areas with smoke, and provide illumination or coordinated high explosive/illumnation

What is the M791 muzzle velocity?

1345mps +-20mps

What is the M919 Muzzle velocity?

1385mps +-20mps

What is the M910 muzzle velocity?

1525mps +- 20mps

What are the 5 different types of 25mm ammo?

1) M791 APDS-T 2) M792 HEI-T 3) M793 TP-T 4) M910 TPDS-T 5) M919 APFSDS-T

What are the 7 types of service ammunition for the 120mm main gun? (tank rounds)

1) M829A1 APFSDS-T 2) M829A2 APFSDS-T 3) M829A3 APFSDS-T 4) M830-HEAT-MP-T 5) M830A1-HEAT-MP-T 6) M908 HE-OR-T 7) M1028 CANISTER

What are the 4 different types of Tow Missiles?

1) TOW-2A (BGM-71E); 2) TOW-2B (BGM-71F); 3) TOW-2B Aero (BGM-71F6); 4) TOW-BB (Bunker Buster) (BGM-71H)

Three ways a M792 HEI-T can detonate

1. Direct Impact 2. Grazing Impact 3. Self-Destruct

What is the M792 muzzle velocity?

1100 mps +-20mps

What is the M793 muzzle velocity?

1100mps

Why is the M919 Self Sharpening?

Abdiatic shear bands form during production, which enables pieces of the mushrooming head to break off.

Describe the Arming phase state of the M758 fuze.

Arming Phase: Piston Spring exerts its force moving the firing pin and restrictor back to the front of the round. Rotor assembly rotates until rotor lock ball locks into place

What is the Arming distance of the M792?

Arming distance 10-150m

What are the capabilities of the BGM-71F6/ TOW 2B AERO?

Arming: 110m to 200m MER: 4200m but can be accurate up to 4500m Warhead: two 5 in warheads made of tantalum which forms an EFP. Enters 19in apart.

What are the capabilities of the BGM-71F/TOW 2B

Arming: 110m-200m MER:3750m Warhead: Two 5 in warheads made of tantalum which form EFP. Enters 19in apart.

What are the capabilities of the BGM-71E/TOW 2A

Arming: 30-65m MER:3750m Charge: 6in HEAT shaped charge with 6.6 pds of exlposive

What are the capaiblites of the BGM-71H?

Arming: 43-65m MER: 3750m Warhead: 6in fragmenting HE

What are the four service TOWs?

BGM-71E/TOW 2A BGM-71F/TOW 2B BGM-71F6 TOW 2B AERO BGM-71H/TOW BB

What is the MER of 7.62?

Bipod: 600point 800m area Tripod: 900 point 1800m area Vehicle: 900 point 1800m area Supression: 1800m 1800m

What makes up the penetrator of the M80A1?

Copper slug, steel penetrator, and reverse drawn copper jacket

If witness lines are not present on the M1028 Canister round what should happen?

Crewmember grasps both forward and aft body and twists in opposite directions. If any movement occurs reject the round

What is the TOW-2B (BGM-71F) DODIC, MER, and Arming Distance?

DODIC PV18 Maximum ranges 3750m Arming Distance 110m-200m

What is the TOW-2A (BGM-71E) DODIC, MER, and Arming Distance?

DODIC--PD62 Maximum ranges--3750m Arming Distance 30m -65m

What is the TOW-2B Aero (BGM-71F6) DODIC, MER, and Arming Distance?

DODIC--WF37 MER 4200m Max range 4500m Arming Distance 110m-200m

What is the TOW-2B Aero TOW-BB (Bunker Buster) (BGM-71H) DODIC, MER, and Arming Distance?

DODIC--WF82 Maximum ranges 3750m Arming Distances 43m-65m

Delete

Delete

Describe the Detonation state of the M758 fuze.

Detonation: Either the probe is crushed forcing the firing pin reward detonating the HEI mix or spin decay due to loss of forward velocity occurs causing self destruct balls to release allowing set back spring to release energy forcing body assembly into firing pin.

What are the different types of detonation?

Direct impact; Grazing impact Self destruct.

Grazing Impact

Due to spin decay (loss of forward velocity), the projectile strikes the target with insufficient force

Describe Grazing Impact

Due to the spin decay (loss of forward velocity), the projectile strikes the target with insufficient force. Spin decay triggers the setback spring to overcome centrifugal force, pushes the body assembly forward, and thrusts the detonator into the firing pin

What does the FRTR stand for on the M931 FRTR?

Full range training round

What is the M931 FRTR used for?

Gunnery Training

What are the 4 types of Mortar rounds?

HE Smoke Illumination Training

The TOW Missile has a ________ _______ attached to the aft seal to provide positive verification that the missile remains dry.

Humidify Indicator

Kinetic Energy

Is the energy possessed by a body because of its motion

Back blast area of the TOW

It has a back blast area that extends 75m to the rear of the vehicle in a 90 degree cone. This area comprises both a 50m danger zone and an additional 25m caution zone.

What is the canister round and what is it used for?

M1028 Canister; Used against massed personnel between 200m and 500m

Muzzle velocity for 25mm rounds

M791 - 1,345 MPS +/- 20 MPS M792 - 1,100 MPS +/- 20 MPS M793 - 1,100 MPS +/- 20 MPS M910 - 1,525 MPS +/- 20 MPS M919 - 1,385 MPS +/- 20 MPS

Max Ranges for 25mm rounds

M791 - 14,578m M792 - 6,381m M793 - 8,000m M910 - 6,404m M919 - 17,600m

Tracer Burn Range for 25mm rounds

M791 - 2,000m M792 - 2,000m M793 - 2,000m M910 - 2,000m M919 - 2,500m

Max Effective Ranges for 25mm rounds

M791 - 2,000m M792 - 3,000m (A) 1,600m (P) M793 - 1,600m M910 - 2,000m M919 - 2,500m

Tracer Burn Time for 25mm rounds

M791 - >1.7sec M792 - >3.5sec M793 - >3.5sec M910 - >1.8sec M919 - >1.8sec

What are the three service rounds for the M242?

M791 APDS-T M919 APFSDS-T M792 HEI-T

5 Types of 25mm rounds

M791 Armor Piercing Discarding Sabot w/ Tracer M792 High-Explosive Incendiary w/ Tracer M793 Target Practice w/ Tracer M910 Target Practice Discarding Sabot w/ Tracer M919 Armor Piercing Fin Stabilization Discarding Sabot w/ Tracer

Define Pusher Base.

Part of the 25mm M910 TPDS-T and M791 APDS-T. Metal base of the projectile assembly that the propellant gasses push against to drive the projectile assembly down the gun barrel. Disccarded from the projectile assembly once it leaves the gun barrel.

Define Fuze.

Part of the HE projectile that causes it to function upon impact with target. M792 round only

Define Projectile Assembly.

Part of the round that travels through the gun tube. Include sub projectile, windscreen, fuze, sabot, base and tracer.

What are the sensors on the TOW 2B? What do they detect

Prolifometer: senses profile change (height from ground to hull) Magnetometer: Senses magnetic signature

Define Tracer

Pyrotechnic flare material used to make the projectile trajectory visible with naked eye

Describe the Safe state of the M758 fuze.

Safe: Firing pin is locked in safe notch of rotor assembly

What are the states of the M758 fuze?

Safe; Set back; Arming Phase; Detonation;

What stabilizes the M919 APFSDS-T while in flight?

Screw on steel fin

M242 ammunition is classified into what categories?

Service and Training

What causes the sabot to discard?

Setback Centrifugal Force Aerodynamic Force

Describe the Setback state of the M758 fuze.

Setback: Entire assembly moves reward of round. Self destruct balls move outward due to centrigugal force locking the body assembly to the rear

What is a Tow?

Solid propellant, command guided, surface attack, guided missile system

Define Cartridge case.

Steel casing that contains the propellant, booster pellet, flash tube and primer

Describe Direct Impact

Striking the target crushes the projectiles probe cap. This pushes the probe rearward, which thrusts the firing pin into the detonator, which detonates the HEI mixture

What are Mortars?

Suppressive indirect fire weapons

What are mortars?

Suppressive indirect weapons. Employed to neutralize point and area targets, screen large areas with smoke, and provide illumination or coordinate HE/Illumination.

Danger Discarding Sabot

The discarding sabot leaves the barrel at a 30-degree angle on both sides of the gun-target line for 100 meters.

Define KE.

The energy possessed by a body because of its motion. It is equal to one half the mass of the body times the square of its speed.

M792 High-Explosive Incendiary w/ Tracer (Characteristics)

The hollowed steel projectile houses an M758 mechanical fuse 32 grams of an HEI mix The projectile is yellow with a red band, black markings, and a gold tip

M793 Target Practice w/ Tracer (Characteristics)

The projectile consists of a hallow steel body with white markings.

M910 Target Practice Discarding Sabot w/ Tracer (Characteristics)

The projectile is blue with white marking. The TPDS-T cartridge trajectory ballistically matches the APDS-T plus or minus 1 mil to a range of 2,000 meters.

M791 Armor Piercing Discarding Sabot w/ Tracer (Characteristics)

The projectile sabot and nose-cap are black with white markings. The Projectile consists of a solid tungsten alloy projectile.

M919 Armor-Piercing, Fin-Stabilized Sabot w/ Tracer (Characteristics)

The projectile sabot and protective nose-cap are black, and the slip-band nylon obturator is white Lubricates the barrel with a grease paste ablator

What are the components of a 25mm round?

o Booster Pellet o Cartridge Case o Flash tube o Fuze o Obturator o Ogive o M115 Primer o Projectile Assembly o Propellant o Pusher Base o Rotating Band o Sub Projectile o Tracer o Windscreen

What is the mortar platoon's mission?

To provide close and immediate indirect support for maneuver battalions and companies.

How many Tows are there and what are they

Tow-2A (BGM-71E) Tow-2B (BGM-71F) Tow-2B Aero (BGM-71F6) TOW-BB (Bunker Buster) (BGM-71H)

The max range of the TOW is?

Tow-2A (BGM-71E) 3750m Tow-2B (BGM-71F) 3750m Tow-2B Aero (BGM-71F6) 4500m TOW-BB (Bunker Buster) (BGM-71H) 3750m

what does the acronym TOW stand for?

Tube-Launched, optically tracked, and wire command-link guided.

Define Sub Projectile

Typically for KE rounds. Part of the projectile that travels to the target after it has discarded its sabots

Best urban target results for the 25mm

When fired perpendicular to the hard surface (zero obliquity)

All TOW 2A and 2B missiles have to IR radiators, they are the ________ beacon and _______ beacon.

Xenon and Thermal

What are the beacons for the TOW?

Xeon Beacon: Day TV Thermal Beacon: FLIR

Define Wind Screen

a pointed, curved surface mainly used to form the streamlined nose of the round.

Define M115 Primer.

o Cap in the base of the cartridge case o when struck by firing pin, starts ignition sequence of the booster pellet or flashtube, which in turn ignites the propellant charge

What are the types of tank rounds?

anti-personnel, multi-purpose, armor defeating

What are the M791 markings?

black with white markings

What are the M919 markings?

black with white obturator

What are the 3 parts of the 7.62 round?

brass casing, projectile, and propellant

Define Ogive.

curved portion of the projectile assembly; provides aerodynamic shape which lowers drag

Define grazing impact

due to spin decay, the projectile strikes the target with insufficient force

Define Kinetic energy

energy possessed by a body because of its motion

what is the purpose of the Ogive on both the Abrams 120mm service and training ammunition?

increase aerodynamics by reducing air friction.

How is Ammunition for the M240 issued?

issued in the M13 clip-type open loop disintegrating, metallic, split-linked belt.

The M242 can destroy what types of targets?

lightly armored ground vehicles and aerial targets such as helicopters and slow flying fixed wing aircraft. Can be used to suppress enemy positions and troops in the open.

What is the sabot discarding safety zone of the Tank?

o 70m Left and right of the GTL o 1000m Down range

Describe the back blast area?

o 90 degree cone o 50m back is the danger zone o 25m after the danger zone is the caution zone

What is the M919, and type of penetrator?

o APFSDS-T o penetrator is made of slate gray, corrosion protected, depleted uranium

How does the BGM 71F Tow 2B detect targets?

the missile detects the target by magnetic signature and optical (laser) profile.

What is TP ammunition used for?

used for live fire gunnery. Have ballistic characteristics similar to service ammunition without CE projectile, fuze or service pentrator