AMSCO - 7.5 Reading Notes - AP History

How were colonies treated at the end of WWI? What did they expect and what did they receive?

After World War I, exploitation of the colonies' natural resources and labor increased so that imperial powers' could recover from the gargantuan effort that WW I implied.

What was Gandhi's civil disobedience movement? What are some examples of this protest?

Gandhi believed that civil disobedience, instead of violence, would help India to gain its independence. An excellent example of his efforts was the Salt March of 1930.

How did Africans under colonial rule resist colonizers?

How did nationalist leaders in Africa oppose colonial rule? strikes boycotts, newspaper, pamphlets, formed groups to revive African culture, religion, art to ridicule. Africans used isalm, Christianity, and traditional African religions to resist colonial system.

In China, who were the two main groups fighting for power after the May Fourth Protests? Describe them.

In January of 1946, the two factions of China began to have another power struggle. The KMT, supplied by the United States, controlled the cities, while the CCP had a strong hold in the countryside.

How did the March First Movement demonstrate the power of Korean nationalism?

In the March First Movement, Koreans of different backgrounds came together in large number to defy their colonizers and demonstrate to the world that they had a great desire for independence (Lee, 2000). The Movement had the effect of galvanizing and uniting Koreans against their colonizers.

What was the massacre at Amritsar? Why did Britain react this way - how did it impact India?

Independence for India was now inevitable, and the British in India began to accept the inevitability of independence. The Amritsar Massacre marked the failure of the British policy of concession and repression by which they had governed India from the time of the Indian Rebellion in 1857.

What was the Indian National Congress and what was its role?

Indian National Congress, byname Congress Party, broadly based political party of India. Formed in 1885, the Indian National Congress dominated the Indian movement for independence from Great Britain. It subsequently formed most of India's governments from the time of independence and often had a strong presence in many state governments

What was the Long March and how did it lead to the rise of the Communist Party in China?

Long March, (1934-35), the 6,000-mile (10,000-km) historic trek of the Chinese communists, which resulted in the relocation of the communist revolutionary base from southeastern to northwestern China and in the emergence of Mao Zedong as the undisputed party leader.

What was the Balfour Declaration and how did they create tension in the Middle East as well?

The Balfour Declaration and the failure of the western powers to grant a Pan-Arab state led to a great deal of resentment in the Middle East. The British not only had failed to help the Arabs to found a state but had effectively colonized them and had even given traditionally Muslim territory to non-Muslims.

What was the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere - what was Japan's goal?

The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere was Japan's attempt to form an economic and military bloc consisting of nations within East and Southeast Asia against Western colonization and manipulation, but it failed because of Japan's inability to promote true mutual

What was the two-state solution created during this time?

The first proposal for the creation of Jewish and Arab states in the British Mandate of Palestine was made in the Peel Commission report of 1937, with the Mandate continuing to cover only a small area containing Jerusalem. The recommended partition proposal was rejected by the Arab community of Palestine, and was accepted by most of the Jewish leadership.

How did the mandate system impact Allied countries? What did it allow them to do?

The mandate system gave Allied nations control over former territories of the Central Powers. The Mandate System of the League of Nations was established after World War 1 to administer former territories of the Ottoman Empire and Germany.

What was the mandate system and why was it seen as an insult to colonies?

The mandate system was where the allied powers would take control of the colonies and central powers territory and divide it. The allied countries were now able to increase their imperial holdings through a new form of colonization.

Why had Japan taken over parts of China? How did they react to the League of Nations condemning their imperialism?

The militaristic culture of Japan in the 1930's meant an aggressive foreign policy aimed at establishing Japanese hegemony in the Far East and Pacific. However the Japanese also needed access to raw materials, particularly oil and rubber to sustain a war economy and invaded China in 1937

What was the role of colonies in WWI? What were their overall experiences?

Their colonies sent supplies, food and soldiers to help in the war effort.

Why was there turmoil in the Middle East? What was Pan-Arabism and how did it connect?

Western domination and the 1948 establishment of the state of Israel, Pan-Arabism is a movement that argues for the unification of all Arab states to form one Arab nation.

How did the May Fourth Movement symbolize China's growing nationalism and demand for democracy?

What should be emphasized about the May Fourth Movement is that though it was a popular uprising, it shouldn't be misunderstood as an effusion of democracy—certainly not Western-style democracy. What it represented was a deeply nationalist and widespread anger with what the West had taken away from China.