AMSCO Chapter 2 Identifies
Massachusetts Bay Colony
1629 - King Charles gave the Puritans a right to settle and govern a colony in the Massachusetts Bay area. The colony established political freedom and a representative government.
Lord Baltimore
1694- He was the founder of Maryland, a colony which offered religious freedom, and a refuge for the persecuted Roman Catholics.
Headright System
A method for attracting immigrants, Virginia offered 50 acres of land to each immigrant who paid for passage to America and to any plantation owner who paid for an immigrants passage.
Roger Williams
A respected Puritan minister who believed that the individual's conscience was beyond the control of any civil or church authority. He was banished from the Bay colony for his beliefs. In 1636, he founded the settlement of Providence.
Wampanoags
An american indian tribe led by metacom
Mercantilism
An economic policy in which the colonies were to provide raw materials to the parent country of growth and profit of the parent country.
Captain John Smith
Because of his forceful leadership, Jamestown barely survived its first five years.
Navigation Acts
Between 1650 and 1673 England passed a series of acts which establish rules for colonial trade. * Trade to and from the colonies could be carried only by English or colonial-built ships, which could be operated only by English or colonial crews. * All goods imported in the colonies, except some perishables, had to pass through the ports in England. * Specified goods from the colonies could be exported only to England.
corporate colonies
Colonies operated by joint-stock companies during the early years of the colonies, such as Jamestown
Royal Colonies
Colonies under the direct authority and rule of the king's government, such as Virginia after 1624
joint-stock company
Corporate colonies, such as Jamestown, were operated by joint-stock companies, at least during the colony's early years.
Virginia Company
England's King James I chartered the Virginia Company, a joint-stock company that founded the first permanent English colony in America at Jamestown in 1607.
John Cabot
First Englishman to explore lands in North America which England would later settle in the early 1600's.
James Oglethorpe
Founder of Georgia's first settlement, Savannah, in 1733. He acted as governor of Georgia and had strict laws which included a ban on rum and slavery.
King Philip's War
From 1675 to 1676, the American Indian chief Metacom (King Philip), waged a vicious war against the English settlers in southern New England. (p. 31)
Puritans
Group of dissenters that wanted to purify the Church of England. In 1630 they founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony at Boston.
John Rolfe
He helped Jamestown develop a new variety of tobacco which became popular in Europe and became a profitable crop.
Jamestown
In 1607, the first permanent English colony in America was founded at this location.
House of Burgesses
In 1619, just 12 years after the founding of jamestown, Virginia's colonists organized the first representative assembly in america, the Virginia House of Burgesses.
Mayflower Compact
In 1620, while they were sailing to America on the Mayflower, the Pilgrims created this document that pledged them to make decisions by the will of the majority. It was a rudimentary written constitution.
John Winthrop
In 1630, he led about a thousand Puritans to America and founded Boston and several other towns.
Chesapeake Colonies
In 1632, the area once known as the Virginia colony, has divided into the Virginia and Maryland colony. Maryland became the first proprietary colony.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)
In 1639, the Hartford settlers drew up the first written constitution in America. It established a representative government made up of a legislature elected by the people and a governor chosen by the legislature.
New England Confederation
In 1643, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, and New Haven colonies formed a military alliance to deal with the threat from the Native Americans. It lasted until 1684.
Bacon's Rebellion
In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon led a group of army volunteers that raided native american villages, fought the governor's forces and set fire to Jamestown. The rebellion lost momentum when Bacon died of dysentery. The rebellion was caused by the governor's unfair favoritism of large plantation owners and refusal to protect small farms from NA raids.
Frame of Government (1682)
In 1682-1683, William Penn provided the Pennsylvania colony with a Frame of Government which guaranteed a representative assembly elected by landowners and a written constitution.
Glorious Revolution
In 1688, King James II was deposed and replaced with William and Mary. This brought the end to the Dominion of New England, and the colonies operated under their previous structure. (p. 37)
Charter of Liberties
In 1701, the Pennsylvania colony created this written constitution which guaranteed freedom of worship for all and unrestricted immigration.
Georgia
In 1732, Georgia was formed to provide a buffer between wealthy Georgia and Spanish controlled Florida, and to provide a place for the many debtors of England to begin again.
William Penn
In 1861, the royal family paid a large debt by granting his family a large parcel of American land. This Quaker, formed a colony that he named Pennsylvania.
Halfway Covenant
In the 1660s, people could now take part in church services and activities without making a formal commitment to Christ. It was created because the next generation of colonists were less committed to religious faith, but churches still needed members. (p. 31)
Dominion of New England
James II wanted to increase royal control in the colonies, so he combined them into larger units and abolished their representative assemblies. The Dominion of New England was combined New York, New Jersey, and the other New England colonies into a single unit.
Quakers
Members of the Religious Society of Friends who believed in the equality of men and women, nonviolence, and resistance to military service.
Triangular Trade
Merchants traded colonist rum for African slaves, African slaves for West Indies sugar cane, and sugar cane was brought back to the colonies to make rum.
Seperatists
Radical dissenters to the Church of England; wanted to create a completely separate church that was independent of royal control
Pilgrims
They were radical dissenters to the Church of England. They moved to Holland, then in 1620, they sailed to America on the Mayflower in search of religious freedom. They established a new colony at Plymouth on the Massachusetts coast.
Metacom
This American Indian chief was known to the colonists as King Philip. He joined together the Native American tribes to fight the colonists in King Philip's War, a war that lasted from 1675 to 1676.
Anne Hutchinson
This Puritan believed in antinomianism and was banished from the Bay colony because of her beliefs. In 1638, she founded the colony of Portsmouth.
Plymouth Colony
This colony was started by the Pilgrims at Plymouth (Massachusetts). In the first winter nearly half of them perished. They were helped by friendly American Indians and celebrated the first Thanksgiving in 1621.
Great Migration
This movement started because of a civil war in England. Nearly 15,000 settlers came to the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Middle Passage
Voyage from West Africa to the West Indies. It was miserable for the slaves transported and many died.
Holy Experiment
William Penn put his Quaker beliefs to the test in his colony, Pennsylvania. He wanted the colony to provide a religious refuge for Quakers and other persecuted people, enact liberal ideas in government, and generate income and profits for himself. (p. 34)
Indentured Servants
Young people from England under contract with a master who paid for their passage. Worked for a specified period for room and board, then they were free.
propreitary colonies
colonies under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king, such as Maryland and Massachusetts.
act of toleration
the first colonial statue granting religious freedom to all christians, but it called for death of all non-christians. it was created to provide a safe haven for catholics.
antimonianism
the idea that faith alone, not deeds, was necessary for slavation
