ANA801 Exam 2 Practice Questions
Which one of the following cell types is NOT a glial cell? oligodendroglia ependyma Schwann cells microglia astrocytes
Schwann cells
Keratinocytes in which layer of the epidermis synthesize material that make the skin waterproof Stratum basale Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum Stratum lucidum Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Which one of the following is NOT typically found in the papillary dermis? Sweat glands Fibroblasts Elastic fibers Reticular fibers Sensory nerve endings
Sweat glands
Caveolae in smooth muscle cells are thought to be analogous to pinocytotic vesicles T-tubules lysosomes secretory vesicles phagosomes
T-tubules
Which one of the following is NOT matched correctly? T-tubules - smooth muscle striations - cardiac muscles epimysium - connective tissue T-tubules - impulse conduction gap junction - smooth muscle
T-tubules - smooth muscle
The functional blood-brain barrier: a. consists of capillary endothelial cells b. consists of astrocytes c. is formed by fibroblasts d. a and b are correct e. a, b, and c are correct
a and b are correct
During neutrotransmission at chemical synapses, which of the following events occur (s)? neurotransmitter substances bind to receptors on the postsynaptic site a and c are correct a, b, and c are correct neurotransmitters are released by exocytosis into the synaptic cleft membrane associated with the synaptic vesicles is recycled into the presynaptic element
a, b, and c are correct
Which one of the following incorrectly describes actin? actin composes part of the A - band actin is a major component of the I- band actin is part of the H-zone actin filaments are arranged in a hexagonal pattern around a myosin filament actin is associated with the Z - line
actin is part of the H-zone
In which of the following structures would one find synaptic vesicles? postsynaptic membranes neurotransmitter molecules dendritic spines synaptic clefts axonal (terminal) boutons
axonal (terminal) boutons
The connective tissue investment around an individual muscle fiber of skeletal muscle is basal lamina endomysium sarcolemma perimysium epimysium
endomysium
The leukocyte with a bilobe nucleus and a normal frequency of one to four percent is the: neutrophil basophil monocyte lymphocyte eosinophil
eosinophil
Which one of the following cell types lines the spinal canal and ventricles? oligodendroglia microglia Schwann cells ependyma astrocytes
ependyma
Myelopoiesis refers to the formation of: erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes and thrombocytes neutrophilic leukocytes only erythroctyes only monocytes only both erythrocytes and granulocytes
erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes and thrombocytes
A thrombus (blood clot) depends on which of the following substances created by platelets? heparin fibrin hemoglobin fibrinogen serotonin
fibrin
Which of the following cell types is found in the dermis but not in the epidermis of the skin fibroblasts Merkel cells Langerhans cells keratinocytes melanocytes
fibroblasts
In skeletal muscles the intrafusal fibers: are modified smooth muscle fibers lie perpendicular to the extrafusal fibers form part of the stretch and tension sensory system do not contain actin or myosin filaments are not innervated by nerves
form part of the stretch and tension sensory system
Which of the following statements concerning monocytes is FALSE? have a kidney bean shaped nucleus Constitute 2 to 8% of the WBCs in peripheral blood give rise to platelets give rise to osteoclasts give rise to macrophages in connective tissue
give rise to platelets
Which of the following features occurs during granulopoiesis but not erythropoiesis? gradual decrease in number of specific granules loss of ribosomes and most organelles gradual change (lobulation) in nuclear shape gradual decrease in cell size synthesis of hemoglobin
gradual change (lobulation) in nuclear shape
Which of the following characteristics describes platelets? Platelets... are about 25 microns in diameter have a lifespan in the circulation of ~80 days have a marginal ring of microtubules have a round nucleus are derived from monocytes
have a marginal ring of microtubules
Smooth muscle cells and cardiac muscle cells are similar in that both show cross striations have intrafusal fibers are multinucleated have sarcomeres have centrally located nuclei
have centrally located nuclei
During the progression from immature to mature red blood cells all of the following decrease except: hemoglobin basophilia (bluish color) nuclear size number of nuclei cell size
hemoglobin
Cardiac muscle is uniquely characterized by: multinucleated cells peripheral nuclei intrafusal fibers intercalated discs striations
intercalated discs
Which one of the following features is usually found in thick skin, but NOT in thin skin? hair follicles nerve endings stratum lucidum sweat glands stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
The dendrites of a multipolar neuron contain all of the following structures except neurofilaments synaptic vesicles mitochondria ribosomes
synaptic vessels
Which of the following undergoes an increase during erythropoiesis: production of specific granules lobulation of the nucleus cell size synthesis of hemoglobin nuclear size
synthesis of hemoglobin
Centrifugation of a blood sample results in its separation into several laters. Which layer contains neutrophils? the plasma layer the bottom layer the layer containing fibrinogen the buffy coat
the buffy coat
Which one of the following INCORRECTLY describes the meninges and associated structures? large blood vessels pass through the subarchnoid space dura mater protects the arachnoid and pia mater pia mater separates the CNS from the cerebral spinal fluid large diameter venous sinuses absorb cerebral spinal fluid from the subarchnoid space the meninges make direct contact with the ependyma at the choroid plexus
the meninges make direct contact with the ependyma at the choroid plexus
A myelinated nerve has how many Schwann cells between two adjacent Nodes of Ranvier? more than 4 1 3 4 2
1
The t-tubule in striated muscle is located at which of the following region(s)? 1. the A-I- junction in skeletal muscle 2. the A-I junction in cardiac muscle 3. the Z-line in cardiac muscle 4. the Z-line in skeletal muscle: 2 and 4 1 and 3 1 and 2 3 and 4 2 and 4
1 and 3
The average life span of an erythrocyte is approximately: 30 days 120 days 6 months 3 days 18 days
120 days
The life span of a neutrophil is approximately: 120 days 6 weeks 5 days or less 30 days about 1 year
5 days or less
Which of the following functions are performed by astrocytes in the central nervous system? metabolic support for neurons removal of extracellular neurotransmitter e.g. glutamate removal of excess extracellular K+ ions A and B only A, B , and C
A, B, and C
Where is the elastic fiber network of the skin located? Epidermis Papillary dermis Reticular dermis A, B, and C B and C
B and C
Which one of the following is typical of Guillain-Barre syndrome? a, b, and c are correct Mutation in the gene coding for proteolipid protein Destruction of myelin by macrophages a and b are correct Infiltration of the endoneurium by eosinophils
Destruction of myelin by macrophages
Which one of the following cell types encloses either myelinated or unmyelinated fibers? ependyma astrocytes oligodendroglia Schwann cells microglia
Schwann cells
Which of the following is located in the papillary dermis and senses light touch Meissner's corpuscle free nerve endings Pacinian corpuscles muscle spindles
Meissner's corpuscle
Which of the following is typically encapsulated by connective tissue as well as associated with the sense of fine touch Merkel cell none of the above free nerve endings Pacinian corpuscle Meissner's corpuscle
Meissner's corpuscle
Which of the following morphologies shown here is most common for motor neurons? Bipolar neuron Multipolar neuron Pseudounipolar neurons
Multipolar neuron
The formation of myelin in the peripheral nervous system is a function of astrocytes satellite cells fibroblasts oligodendrocytes Schwann cells
Schwann cells
Node of Ranvier is: an open space between two myelinated segments of an axon a characteristic of unmyelinated fibers the point of near-contact between the processes of two neurons the location of neurotransmitter receptors a constriction of the axon
an open space between two myelinated segments of an axon
The granules of neutrophils contain which of the following? glycogen dense accumulations of ribosomes antibacterial substances heparin antibodies for cellular immunity
antibacterial substances
Which one of the following is not matched correctly? dermal papillae - more prominent in thick than thin skin sweat glands - coiled glands located deep in the dermis hair follicle epithelium - continuous with the epidermis sebaceous glands - empty into hair follicle arrector pili muscle - skeletal muscles that cause wrinkles of the skin
arrector pili muscle - skeletal muscles that cause wrinkles of the skin
Which one of the following cell types monitors exchange between capillaries and neurons? astrocytes oligodendroglia microglia ependyma Schwann cells
astrocytes
The circulating white blood cells which are fewest in number are the: eosinophils neutrophils basophils lymphocytes monocytes
basophils
In respect to blood components, which of the following is NOT true? agglutinated platelets are associated with clotting most leukocytes perform their function outside blood vessels neutrophils are capable of moving through connective tissue neutrophils are concerned with lysis of bacteria blood plasma is derived from serum
blood plasma is derived from serum
Cardiac muscle differs from all other kinds of muscle by having branching cells myofilaments of both actin and myosin transverse striations nuclei in the middle of the cells multinucleated cells
branching cells
During cold exposure, blood flow through which one of the following vascular structures in the skin would be reduced? capillary beds arterioles venules arteriovenous anastamoses ("shunts")
capillary beds
Thin myofilaments and thick myofilaments are observed in the gastronemius muscle in E/M preparations. The thick filaments: are crossed by the Z line consist of both actin and myosin are present only in the H zone consist of myosin are present only in the I bands
consist of myosin
Which of the following is most CORRECT? Skeletal muscle cells: have centrally located nuclei are attached to each other by intercalated discs contain many nuclei branch extensively exhibit exactly 1 terminal cisternae at the A-I junction
contain many nuclei
Which of the following is incorrect for axons? An axon: transports protein synthesized in the cell body possesses synaptic vesicles contains Nissl substance has a tropic (supportive) action on skeletal muscle cells exhibits many neurofilaments
contains Nissl substance
Which statement correctly describes peripheral nerve? Peripheral nerve: contains many nerve fibers bundled together contain neuronal soma throughout its course contains oligodendrocytes is not converted by connective tissue cannot regenerate at all if injured
contains many nerve fibers bundled together
Which one of the following does NOT correctly describe a nerve? usually contains motor and sensory fibers has both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers contains processes of neurons is a component of the PNS contains myelin formed by glial cells
contains myelin formed by glial cells
Which of the following accurately describes the clefts of Schmidt-Lantermann cytoplasmic extensions between lamellae of myelin pools of cytoplasm in the paranodal areas regions of the axon that are unmyelinated pools of cytoplasm adjacent to the axon segments of axon covered with myelin
cytoplasmic extensions between lamellae of myelin
Which of the following statements correctly describes the I band in striated muscle? The I band: consists of myosin filaments appears as a dark band when viewed with the microscope includes the H-zone and the M line is present in skeletal muscle but not cardiac muscle decreases in width during muscle contraction
decreases in width during muscle contraction
Which of the following nueronal structures contains spiny projections that provide extra surface area for synapse formation? nueronal soma axons axon collaterals dendrites terminal boutons
dendrites
Which of the following features is characteristic of a sensory ganglion but NOT of an autonomic, sympathetic ganglion? connective tissue capsule presence of satellite cells distinct separation of neuronal soma and fibers unmyelinated fibers
distinct separation of neuronal soma and fibers
Which of the following connective tissue membranes has venous sinuses which drain cerebrospinal fluid? pia mater perineurium arachnoid membrane dura mater epineurium
dura mater (dural sinuses)
Which of the following conditions is suggested by the laboratory finding that a patient demonstrates an increased proportion of reticulocytes in the circulation over a period of several weeks? internal bleeding subcutaneous bacterial infection infection with a parasitic worm exposure to a foreign antigen
internal bleeding
Which of the following statements is CORRECT? The transverse (T) tubules are: sites of calcium storage cisternal swellings of the sarcoplasmic reticulum attachment sites for actin myofilaments invaginations of the plasma membrane
invaginations of the plasma membrane
Which of the following structures in a motor end plate increases the surface area for synaptic contact? synaptic vesicles terminal boutons junctional folds of the sarcolemma synaptic cleft myelin sheath
junctional folds of the sarcolemma
The second most common white blood cell in the peripheral blood is the: eosinophil neutrophil monocyte basophil lymphocyte
lymphocyte
It is believed that worn-out red blood cells are normally destroyed in the spleen by: monocytes macrophages megakaryocytes neutrophils mast cells
macrophages
Blood platelets are products of: red blood cells plasma cells basophils megakaryocytes osteoclasts
megakaryocytes
Which one of the following is not in typically found the human dermis? Meissner's corpuscles sweat glands reticular layer hair follicles melanin
melanin
Which of the following cells types is found in the epidermis and is correctly matched with its function: Fibroblasts: synthesize collagen and elastin Merkel cells: participate in local allergic reactions Keratinocytes: function as mechanoreceptors Langerhans cells: provide epidermal integrity melanocytes -- synthesize pigments
melanocytes -- synthesize pigments
Which one of the following does NOT give rise to red blood cells during intra-uterine development of a human being? mesenchymal tissue lymphoid liver yoke sac spleen
mesenchymal tissue
Which of the following cell types is derived from monocytes? microglia astrocytes oligodendroglia ependyma Schwann cells
microglia
Which of the following types of neuroglia act as macrophages in the central nervous system? ependymal cells protoplasmic astrocytes microglia oligodendrocytes fibrous astrocytes
microglia
Which type of neuroglia is capable of phagocytosis? microglia protoplasmic astrocytes oligodendrocytes fibrous astrocytes ependymal cells
microglia
Which of the following structures acts as a receptor that monitors the degree of muscle stretch? muscle spindle red fiber white fiber junctional fold purkinje fiber
muscle spindle
The contractile element (component) of skeletal muscle is in the sarcoplasm myofibrils endomysium sarcolemma sarcoplasmic reticulum
myofibrils
The most prominent component of a skeletal muscle cell is myoglobin mitochondria glycogen myofilaments Golgi complex
myofilaments
Which of the following INCORRECTLY describes nerve regeneration? regeneration usually occurs quickly proximal nerve process joins the distal nerve process nerve processes sprout and grow across the site of injury the Schwann cells remain viable and ensheath the regenerating nerve fibers nerve processes shrink in diameter
nerve processes shrink in diameter
Which of the following would NOT be found in the white matter of the central nervous system? myelinated fibers neuronal soma capillaries oligodendrocytes fibrous astrocytes
neuronal soma
The blood cell with the most segmented nucleus is: neutrophil eosinophil basophil lymphocyte monocyte
neutrophil
Bacteria are frequently destroyed by: fibrocytes mast cells basophilic leukocytes small lymphocytes neutrophilic leukocytes
neutrophilic leukocytes
Under normal conditions, the majority of the circulating white blood cells are: basophilic leukocytes eosinophilic leukocytes monocytes neutrophilic leukocytes lymphocytes
neutrophilic leukocytes
The cells that are responsible for forming myelin in the central nervous system are the Schwann cells satelllite cells astroglia oligodendroglia microglia
oligodendroglia
Which one of the following cells forms myelin around processes of more than a single cell? astrocytes microglia oligodendroglia ependyma Schwann cells
oligodendroglia
Which of the following cells would be the least likely to be affected by a drug which is a DNA synthesis poison, such as 5-fluorouracil? stem cell basophilic erythroblast polychromatic erythroblast proerythroblast orthochromic erythroblast (normoblast)
orthochromic erythroblast (normoblast)
Which of the following is located in the "A" band of striated muscle? myosin filaments alone actin filaments alone tropomyosin molecules only overlapping actin and myosin filaments the z-line and associated proteins
overlapping actin and myosin filaments
Which of the following surrounds muscle bundles (fascicles)? endomysium epineurium epimysium perichondrium perimysium
perimysium
The tissue layer that ensheaths several bundlels of nerves is called epimysium neurolemma endoneurium perineurium Schwann sheath
perinerium
Pacinian corpuscles usually are considered to be most responsive to cold pressure light touch pain heat
pressure
Keratohyalin is found in the hyaline cartilage stratum granulosum stratum germinativum reticular dermis stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
Which one of the following INCORRECTLY describes sebaceous glands? Sebaceous glands lubricate the skin produce a watery secretion are located in the dermis help repair the epidermis after severe burns are coiled structures
produce a watery secretion
Nissl substance in nerve cell bodies is associated with cell division synaptic junctions myelin formation spread of stimulus protein synthesis
protein synthesis
The principal site of granulocytic hemopoiesis in the adult human is: yellow bone marrow red bone marrow the spleen the liver lymph nodes
red bone marrow
Nissl substances, a light microscopy term, is equated with which of the following structures seen in electron micrographs? lysosomes residual bodies No answer text provided. microtubles rough endoplasmic reticulum
rough endoplasmic reticulum
A unit of contraction of a myofibril is referred to as a motor unit myomere motor end-plate myoneural junction sarcomere
sarcomere
Which of the following are pseudounipolar neurons? motor neurons that supply skeletal muscle neurons of special sense postganglionic neurons sensory neurons preganglionic neurons
sensory neurons
Which one of the following cells typically contains the most nuclear DNA per cell? cardiac muscle cells myoblasts mesenchymal cells skeletal muscle cells smooth muscle cells
skeletal muscle cells
Which types of muscle can undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia? skeletal muscle smooth muscle cardiac muscle A and B A, B, and C
smooth muscle
The lettered items below are abnormal conditions observed in the peripheral blood of five different patients. Which patient would have the most difficult time combatting a bacterial infection? The patient in whom: Barr bodies are seen on more than 3% of the neutrophils the hemacrit reading is 48% the reticulocyte population has reached 4% in the circulating blood the polymorphonuclear leukocytes constitute 31% of the total white blood cells RBC's exhibit rouleaux formation
the polymorphonuclear leukocytes constitute 31% of the total white blood cells
Which of the following INCORRECTLY describes nerve degeneration following the severance of a nerve? chromatolysis occurs in the neuron cell bodies macrophages "clean-up" debris at the site of injury the nucleus shifts to an eccentric location in damaged neurons the proximal stump undergoes Wallerian degeneration the cell bodys swells
the proximal stump undergoes Wallerian degeneration
Which of the following features is characteristic of cardiac muscle: spindle-shaped cells peripherally located nuclei absence of striations regeneration from pericytes transverse tubules located at the Z line
transverse tubules located at the Z line
Which of the following does NOT describe smooth muscle? Smooth muscle: uses dense bodies, intermediate filaments, and attachment plaques to facilitate contractions uses intercalated discs to facilitate cell-to-cell communication contain caveolae instead of t-tubules has gap junction connecting adjacent cells is found in the wall of hallow organs and blood vessels
uses intercalated discs to facilitate cell-to-cell communication
