Anatomical Considerations -Chapter 8

Axillary branches

1st superior thoracic; 2nd thoraco-acromia and lateral thoracic; 3rd subscapular, anterior humeral circumflex and posterior humeral circumflex

Femoral triangle

A triangular space at the upper part of the thigh, bounded by the medial border of the sartorius and lateral border of the adductor longus muscles and the inguinal ligament. Also called Scarpa's triangle.

Common carotid linear guide

An imaginary line extending from the sternoclavicular articulation to a point over the anterior surface of the base of the respective earlobes.

Cervicoaxillary canal

An opening at the apex of the axilla which transmits structures from the neck into the arm and is bounded by three bony points of interest: the clavicle, the scapula, and the first rib.

Common carotid branches of the right and left external carotid artery

Ascending pharyngal, superior thyroid, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, maxillary, superficial temporal.

Axillary anatomical limit

Begins at the lateral border of the 1st rib. Extends to the inferior border of the tendon of the teres major muscle.

Common carotid branches of the right and left internal carotid artery

Branches arising within the carotid canal, in addition to ophthalmic, anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, posterior communicating, and choroidal branches.

Anterior triangle of the neck

Draw an imaginary line along the midline of the neck between the tip of the mandible and the sternum. Extend this line superiorly along the anterior border of the SCM and then anteriorly along the lower margin of the body of the mandible. The external carotid artery and several of its branches are located in the anterior triangle.

Radial artery linear guide

Draw or visualize a line on surface of the forearm from the center of the bend of the elbow (anticubital fossa) to the center of the base of the index finger.

Axillary linear guide

Draw or visualize a line on the surface of the skin from a point over or through the center of the base of the axillary space to a point over or through the center of the lateral border of the base of the axillary space this line is parallel to the long axis of the abducted arm.

Dorsalis Pedis artery linear guide

From the center of the anterior surface of the ankle joint to a point between the big toes and the adjacent toe.

Brachial Artery linear guide

From the center of the base of the axillary space to the center of the forearm just below the bend of the elbow.

Common carotid contents of the carotid sheath

Internal jugular vein (lateral to artery), vagus nerve,(between and posterior to artery and vein) common carotid artery. (medial to vein)

Axillary anatomical guide

Just behind the medial border of the coracobrachialis muscle.

Ulnar artery anatomical guide

Lies lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (between the tendons of the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum superfiscialis)

Common carotid Branches

No branches of the right common carotid, except the terminal bifurcation into the right internal and external carotid arteries. The left also has no branches, except the terminal bifurcation into the left internal and external carotid arteries.

Ulnar artery linear guide

On the surface of the forearm, from the center of the bend of the elbow (antecubital fossa ) to a point between the 4th and 5th fingers.

Posterior tibial anatomical guide

The artery is located midway between the medial maleolus and the calcaneal tendon

Common carotid anatomical guide

The artery is located posterior to the medial border of the lower third of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Brachial Artery anatomical guide

The artery lies posterior to the medial border of the belly of the biceps brachii muscle

Brachial Artery origin

The brachial artery is a continuation of the axillary artery.

Common carotid relationship of the common carotid and the jugular vein

The internal jugular vein lies lateral and superficial to the common carotid artery.

Anatomical position

The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms forward.

Radial artery Origin

The radial artery originates at the bifurcation od the brachial artery.

Commom Carotid anatomical limit

The right common corotid begins at the level of the right sternoclavicular articulation and extends to the superior border of the thyroid cartilage. The left common carotid begins at the level of the second costal cartilage and extends to the superior border of the thyroid cartilage.

Ulnar artery origin

The ulnar artery originates at the bifurcation of the brachial artery.

Femoral artery anatomical guide

Through the center of the femoral triangle, bound laterally by the sartorius and medially by the adductor longus.

Linear guide

a line drawn on the surface of the skin to represent an approximate location of some deeper-lying structure.

Posterior tibial linear guide

a line from the center of the popliteal space to a point midway between the medial malleolus and calcaneal tendon

Anatomical guide

a method of locating a structure, such as artery or vein, by reference to an adjacent known or prominent structure.

Brachial Artery anatomical limit

brachial artery extends from a point beginning at the inferior border of the tendon of the teres major muscle and extends to a point inferior to the antecubital fossa.

Axillary origin

continuation of subclavian artery

Femoral artery linear guide

draw or visualize a line on the surface of the thigh from the center of the inguinal ligament to the center point of the medial condyle of the femur.

platysma

either of two broad muscles located on either side of the neck and innervated by the facial nerve

Anterior tibial anatomical limit

extends from a point beginning at the inferior border of the popliteus muscle to a point in front of the middle of the ankle joint on the respective sides.

Posterior tibial anatomical limit

extends from a point beginning at the inferior border of the popliteus muscle to a point over and between the medial malleolus and the calcaneus of the respective foot.

Femoral artery anatomical limit

femoral artery extends from a point behind the center of the inguinal ligament to the opening in the abductor magnus muscle.

Blood flow in the veins

flows in the direction opposite of that of the blood flow in arteries, the anatomical limit and linear guide for veins would be the opposite of those of the respective artery. (anatomical guides would be the same)

Incision for raising the axillary vessels

incision made along the anterior margin of the hairline of the axilla with the arm abducted.

Radial artery anatomical guide

lies just lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpiradialis muscle. and medial to the tendon of the brachioradialis muscle.

Anterior tibial linear guide

line from the lateral border of the petella to the anterior surface of the ankle joint.

Relationship of the Axillary artery to the axillary vein

located lateral and deep to the axillary vein

sternocleidomastoid muscle

one of two thick muscles running from the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid and occipital bone

Anatomical limit

point of origin and termination of a structure in relation to adjacent structures

Popilteal fossa anatomical limit

popliteal artery extends from a point beginning at the opening of the adductor magnus muscle to the lower border of the popliteal muscle.

Branches and tributaries of the vessels: Anterior tibial vessels, posterior tibial vessels

right an left peroneal branches, right and left dorsalis pedis arteries.

Common carotid Origins

right is a terminal bracnh of the brachiocephalic artery. The left is a branch off the arch of the aorta.

Femoral artery branches

superficial epigastric, superficial circumflex iliac, external pudendals, profunda femoris and popliteal

Relationship of the brachial artery and the basilic vein

the accompanying basilic vein is located medial and superficial to the brachial artery.

Anterior tibial anatomical guide

the artery is located along the lateral border of the crest of the tibial

Brachial artery incision location

the brachial artery is usually raised by an incision made along the upper one third of the linear guide.

Popilteal fossa linear guide

the center of the superior border of the popliteal space parallel to the long axis of the lower extremity to the center of the inferior border if the popliteal space.

Femoral artery origin

the femoral artery is continuation of the external iliac artery

Relationship of the femoral artery and vein

the femoral artery lies lateral and superficial to the femoral vein.

Popilteal fossa origin

the popliteal artery is a continuation of the femoral artery

Popliteal fossa anatomical guide

the popliteal surface of the femur and the oblique popliteal ligament.

Radial artery anatomical limit

the radial artery extends from a point approximately 1 inch below and in front of the bend of the elbow to a point over the base of the thumb

Ulnar artery anatomical limit

the ulnar artery extends from a point approximately 1 inch below and in front of the bend of the elbow to a point over the pisiform bone.

Popilteal fossa branches

there are five pairs of genicular arteries and five muscular branches.

Realtionship between the radial artery and the vena comitantes

two small veins (venae comitantes) lie on either side of the artery. they may be helpful in locating the artery, for they generally contain some blood.

Relationship of the ulnar artery to the venae comitantes

two small veins lie on either side of the artery. useful in locating the artery for they generally contain some blood.