Anatomy & Physiology 1 McGrawHill Homework Chapter 11

Each label describes a type of somatic reflex. Drag each label into the appropriate box.

#22 confusing

The patellar reflex is an example of a stretch reflex. The same type of response will occur when other muscles and their tendons are stretched. The statements listed here describe the biceps-jerk reflex, the response of the biceps brachii to a stretch reflex. Place the labels in the correct order.

#23 lost

Read each description below and determine whether it refers to the medulla oblongata, the pons, or the midbrain. Then click and drag each box into the appropriate category. Midbrain

#42

A 57-year-old male fell off a ladder while painting the outside of his house, hitting his head on the sidewalk below. Upon arrival at the hospital, he was conscious but confused and disoriented. A CT scan of the brain indicated a small subdural hematoma (bleed and clot). One hour later the patient's level of consciousness was significantly decreased and a second CAT scan showed the hematoma had increased dramatically in size. Between what structures was the hematoma located?

Between the dura mater and arachnoid mater

When a patient receives epidural anesthesia for pain, the needle is inserted between what two structures?

Body of the vertebrae and dura mater

Mrs. L is a 71-year-old female being seen in the office four days after her stroke. She is experiencing weakness in her right hand, right arm, and right leg. The MRI shows a lesion in the brain assumed to be due to a loss of oxygen to the area. What area of the brain might the lesion be located in?

Cerebrum

Corpus callosum is a

Collection of myelinated axons which connect cerebral hemispheres

Mr. S is a 54-year-old male being seen by the neurologist. Earlier in the week his wife noticed that the right corner of his mouth was drooping and he was unable to smile on his left side. An MRI showed no lesion in the brain or spinal cord. As a result, the neurologist began to test the integrity of various nerves, and found an injury to one of them. What cranial nerve might be damaged?

Cranial nerve 7 for facial nerve

Which cranial nerve is thte Glossopharyngeal nerve

Glossopharyngeal nerve is cranial nerve IX

In the spinal cord, white matter is found __________ gray matter. This arrangement is reversed in the brain.

In the spinal cord, white matter is found superficial gray matter. This arrangement is reversed in the brain.

Over a lifetime, the brain shrinks due to the loss of what areas?

Larger loss in gray matter than white matter.

Mrs. L is a 71-year-old female being seen in the office four days after her stroke. She is experiencing weakness in her right hand, right arm, and right leg. The MRI shows a lesion in the brain assumed to be due to a loss of oxygen to the area. Is the lesion seen in the MRI on the right or left side of the brain?

Left side

A 57-year-old male fell off a ladder while painting the outside of his house, hitting his head on the sidewalk below. Upon arrival at the hospital, he was conscious but confused and disoriented. A CT scan of the brain indicated a small subdural hematoma (bleed and clot). One hour later the patient's level of consciousness was significantly decreased and a second CAT scan showed the hematoma had increased dramatically in size. If the hematoma was pressing on the right frontal lobe, what symptoms might the patient present with?

Loss of motor function on the left side of the body

Meninges are

Membranes to cover and protect brain and spinal cord

Motor signals leave the spinal cord through the __________ roots, while sensory signals enter the spinal cord through the __________ roots.

Motor signals leave the spinal cord through the anterior roots, while sensory signals enter the spinal cord through the posterior roots.

Mr. S is a 54-year-old male being seen by the neurologist. Earlier in the week his wife noticed that the right corner of his mouth was drooping and he was unable to smile on his left side. An MRI showed no lesion in the brain or spinal cord. As a result, the neurologist began to test the integrity of various nerves, and found an injury to one of them. The neurologist should test spinal nerves for the drooping mouth.

No

Mr. S is a 54-year-old male being seen by the neurologist. Earlier in the week his wife noticed that the right corner of his mouth was drooping and he was unable to smile on his left side. An MRI showed no lesion in the brain or spinal cord. As a result, the neurologist began to test the integrity of various nerves, and found an injury to one of them. Was cranial nerve V (five) damaged?

No

Mr. S is a 54-year-old male being seen by the neurologist. Earlier in the week his wife noticed that the right corner of his mouth was drooping and he was unable to smile on his left side. An MRI showed no lesion in the brain or spinal cord. As a result, the neurologist began to test the integrity of various nerves, and found an injury to one of them. Was the brachial plexus damaged?

No

In which lobes of the cerebrum is the visual cortex located?

Occipital lobe

Cranial nerves in numerical order

Olfactory is 1st, optic is 2nd, oculomotor is 3rd, trochlear is 4th, trigerminal is 5th, abdúcens is 6th, facial is 7th, vestibulocochlear is 8th, glossopharyngeal is 9th, vagus is 10th, accessory is 11th, hypoglossal is 12th

The gyrus location is the

Ridge or convolution on the surface of the brain

Which part of the peripheral nervous system would send impulses to the skeletal muscles in the arm?

Somatic motor spinal nerves

Indicate whether each term represents a structure vs. a cavity, space, or divider associated with the brain.

Terms that represent structure are cerebrum, cerebellum, hemisphere, gyrus, basal nuclei, corpus callosum. Terms that represent Cavity are sulcus, fissure, cerebral aqueduct and ventricles.

A 57-year-old male fell off a ladder while painting the outside of his house, hitting his head on the sidewalk below. Upon arrival at the hospital, he was conscious but confused and disoriented. A CT scan of the brain indicated a small subdural hematoma (bleed and clot). One hour later the patient's level of consciousness was significantly decreased and a second CAT scan showed the hematoma had increased dramatically in size. Why might a neurologist recommend removing the hematoma by drilling a small hole into the skull?

The brain is enclosed within the cranial cavity and continued bleeding will cause increased intracranial pressure resulting in brain damage.

The parasympathetic nervous system is characterized by __________ preganglionic neurons and __________ postganglionic neurons.

The parasympathetic nervous system is characterized by long preganglionic neurons & short postganglionic neurons.

The spinal cord is part of the __________ nervous system.

The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system.

After suffering a head injury, Derick exhibits weak and uncoordinated movement of the jaw as well as numbness of the tongue and lower gums. Which nerve was likely damaged?

Trigeminal nerve

Which organs are part of the central nervous system?

brain and spinal cord

Place the following regions of the spinal cord in order from superior to inferior.

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

Collection of myelinated axons which connect cerebral hemispheres

corpus callosum

A fissure in the brain is a

deep groove on the surface of the brain

What connective tissue layer surrounds an axon?

endoneurium

Oculomotor nerve focuses on

eye movement and is Cranial nerve 3

Which tract carries sensory information about touch, pressure, and body movement to the cerebrum?

fasciculus cuneatus

A deep groove on the surface of the brain

fissure

Ridge or convolution on the surface of the brain

gyrus

Vestibulocochlear nerve focuses on

hearing and balance and cranial nerve 8

Name a noticeable sign of normal aging in the nervous system.

increase in memory loss

Membranes to cover and protect brain and spinal cord

meninges

What type of functional area of the cerebral cortex would be responsible for sending impulses that control skeletal muscles?

motor area

Which neurotransmitter binds to alpha and beta adrenergic receptors?

norepinephrine

A seven-year-old T-ball player was inadvertently hit in the forehead with a baseball bat because he was standing too close to the batter. His parents took him to the emergency room for evaluation. The emergency room physician noted that the child complained of a headache, light sensitivity, and blurred vision. The child is exhibiting the latter two symptoms because the impact to the forehead __________.

propelled the brain backward causing damage to the occipital lobe

Place the following parts of a reflex arc in order.

receptor, sensory neuron, CNS, motor neuron, effector

Sulcus is located as a

shallow groove on the surface of the brain

The limbic system interprets sensory impulses from the receptors associated with which sense?

smell

A shallow groove on the surface of the brain

sulcus

Vagus nerve

the tenth cranial nerve that innervates digestive organs, heart and other areas