Anatomy & physiology
Cora is 22 years old and the captain of her college swimming team. Her normal breaths per minute are 10, and her tidal volume is 750 ml. What would her alveolar minute volume be?
6000 ml or 6 L
A 10-month-old surgical patient was born with a disorder in which the tissues that make up the roof of his mouth failed to join completely while he was in utero. Which condition does the patient have?
A 10-month-old surgical patient was born with a disorder in which the tissues that make up the roof of his mouth failed to join completely while he was in utero. Which condition does the patient have?
What dense connective tissue structure surrounds the cavity of synovial joints?
Articular capsule
What happens when the atria are in systole in the cardiac cycle?
Blood enters the ventricles
Which symptom might a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta experience?
Brittle teeth
If a patient has a posterior neck injury, which section of the vertebral column needs to be examined?
Cervical
Which symptom is typical in a patient with a low metabolism due to decreased blood levels of T3 and T4?
Cold intolerance
Which condition is diagnosed after obtaining a sample of the amniotic fluid and evaluating the level of alpha-fetoprotein?
Defect in the neural arch
A pregnant patient has arrived in the emergency room having a seizure. Her husband tells the healthcare team that she is 36 weeks along. Which treatment option is appropriate for this patient?
Delivery of the baby and placenta
Which joints permit most of the movement in the body?
Diarthrotic
Chiara has just stepped on a piece of broken glass. In which area do the pain impulses enter her spinal cord?
Dorsal root
Which type of muscular dystrophy is caused by an absence of the protein dystrophin?
Duchenne
Which hormone promotes the development of the lobes and alveoli of the breast?
Estrogen
Which characteristic does connective tissue have?
Extracellular matrix
Which example shows the relationship of the spread of disease and the lymphatic system?
Foreign invaders can enter through a wound and,if lymph nodes are unable to stop them, can use the lymphatic system to travel anywhere in the body.
Ben has a bad case of food poisoning. Which lymphatic tissue would likely be the first to respond to the pathogens?
Gastrointestinal-associated lymphatic tissue
Which disorder is gum inflammation caused by excess plaque on the teeth?
Gingivitis
Ryan has just been diagnosed with anhidrosis, which is an inability to sweat. Which of Ryan's tissues is involved in this disorder?
Glandular epithelium
Greg has been running sprints of 100 yards for almost an hour. He allows himself about thirty seconds of rest in between each sprint. He has gone from being slightly winded to gasping for air now that he is almost at the end of his workout. Which method is he using to generate ATP in his muscle cells?
Glycolysis
Charlie is a newborn baby with trisomy 21. Which of the following characteristics would you expect her to display?
Heart defects
Which tissue covers the ends of bones in a joint?
Hyaline cartilage
Which substance protects the skin from physical injury?
Keratin
Overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) can be due to diseases in which organ?
Kidney
Which accessory organ produces a substance that assists in fat breakdown?
Liver
A patient has weakness, numbness, and tingling in her limbs, problems with her vision, dizziness, and fatigue. Which condition does the patient most likely have?
Multiple sclerosis
Which bony landmarks transmit nerves and blood vessels to the eyes and surrounding tissues?
Orbital fissures
Which condition can be caused by cancer cells blocking lymphatic vessels?
Peripheral edema
What is the first phase of meiosis II?
Prophase II
Olivia was born three weeks before her due date. Her obstetrician noticed right away that Olivia had transient tachypnea of the newborn. Which signs in Olivia would have led the obstetrician to this diagnosis?
Rapid, labored breathing, nostril flaring, and cyanosis
Which function is melatonin thought to perform?
Regulation of wakefulness
Which term means a kidney stone?
Renal calculus
Sylvia has just eaten a meal consisting of a salad, chicken breast, and sweet potato fries. Her body is secreting enzymes to digest the proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, and absorb the broken-down food molecules. What will happen to the food her body is unable to digest?
Sylvia will defecate it as feces.
The speed of the cardiac cycle increases during exercise due to:
Sympathetic stimulation
A patient's ECG shows an absence of P-waves. What does this indicate?
The atria are failing to contract normally
Cora is playing with her cat who ends up scratching her. Cora thinks she might need to bandage her skin but notices that she is not bleeding. Why is this the case?
The claws only scratched the epithelial layer, which is a vascular.
A patient is being treated for a pulmonary embolism. Rapid onset of symptoms that include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, weakness, muscle twitching, and seizures indicates that the patient has developed:
acute renal failure.
Air in the anatomic dead space must be subtracted from the minute volume to determine alveolar minute volume because:
air in the anatomic dead space determines how much air can reach the alveoli.
The cause of multiple sclerosis is thought to be:
an autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks myelin-producing cells in the central nervous system.
Adaptive immunity can be described as:
generating specific responses to each particular pathogen.
Adaptive immunity differs from innate immunity by:
having memory for pathogens that have previously entered the body.
The all-or-none rule means that:
if a muscle fiber is stimulated it will contract fully.
Signs and symptoms of a hip fracture include:
leg and foot on the injured side laterally rotated
A radical mastectomy can lead to edema in the upper limb because:
lymphatic vessels in the axillary region may be damaged during the surgery.
Barbara is 71 years old and very active. She eats a balanced diet and is at the optimal weight for her age, gender, and height. She recently developed diabetes mellitus out of the blue, which her healthcare professional found very concerning. This could be a sign of:
pancreatic cancer.
Sense of smell is necessary to taste many different flavors because:
perception by the brain associates smells with tastes.
The mammary glands are stimulated to produce and secrete their product during:
pregnancy.
What step of healing is occurring if cells are dividing and filling in a wounded area?
proliferative
A function of the respiratory system is:
regulation of blood pH.
Kidneys help maintain homeostasis through:
removing wastes, toxins, and metabolites
The nervous system regulates multi-unit smooth muscle by:
stimulating each motor unit separately.
