Anatomy and physiology chapter 15-17 quiz questions
Which receptors fire at the onset and the offset of stimulation? Select all that apply. a) Corpuscle of touch (Meissner corpuscle) b) Type 1 cutaneous mechanoreceptor (Merkel disc) c) Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscle d)Type II cutaneous mechanoreceptor (Ruffini corpuscle) e) Hair root plexus f) Joint kinesthetic receptors g) Tendon organ
acef
After initially detecting the perfume on your partner, over time you would cease to notice it due to
adaptation.
Light enters the retina through the layers of neural retina in this order ______; however information is processed through this order _______ in the retina 1. Photoreceptor cell layer 2. Bipolar cell layer 3. Inner synaptic layer 4. Outer synaptic layer 5. Ganglion cell layer a) 1, 4, 2, 3, 5 / 5, 3, 2, 4, 1 b) 5, 3, 2, 4, 1 / 1, 4, 2, 3, 5 c) 4, 1, 3, 2, 5 / 5, 2, 3, 1, 4 d) 5, 2, 1, 3, 4 / 4, 3, 1, 2, 5 e) 3, 4, 5, 2, 1 / 1, 2, 5, 4, 3
b) 5, 3, 2, 4, 1 / 1, 4, 2, 3, 5
The auditory pathway ends in Brodmann's area 17 in the superior temporal gyrus of the cerebral cortex. True or False
b) False
Why is the optic disc known as the blind spot? a) Rods and cones are inactive in that area. b) There is no retinal layer so there are no cones and rods. c) The macula degenerated over the optic disc d) The neural circuits lack amacrine and horizontal cells. e) layer of bipolar and ganglion cells do not cover the cones in this area.
b) There is no retinal layer so there are no cones and rods.
Which of the following neurotransmitters does not bind to adrenergic receptors? a) noradrenaline b) acetylcholine c) epinephrine d) norepinephrine e) adrenaline
b) acetylcholine
Which of the following does not describe the visual pathway as light enters the eye? a) visual information from the right half of the visual field goes to the left side of the brain b) all axons from the temporal half of the retina cross in the optic chiasm c) all axons of the retina exit the eye at the optic disc d) optic radiations connect the thalamus to the primary visual area in the cortex
b) all axons from the temporal half of the retina cross in the optic chiasm
Which statement is not true in describing the equilibrium pathways? a) the cerebellum is vital in maintaining posture b) axons from the vestibular nuclei connect with the vagus (X) nerve and the hypoglossal (XII) nerves, which control eye movements c) some axons from the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve enter the cerebellum d) most axons of the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve terminate in the medulla and pons
b) axons from the vestibular nuclei connect with the vagus (X) nerve and the hypoglossal (XII) nerves, which control eye movements
Nerve impulses for the sense of hearing are initiated in the spiral organ (organ of Corti) and then travel through the _____ to the cochlear nuclei in the _____. a) cochlear branch of cranial nerve VIII; pons b) cochlear branch of cranial nerve VIII; medulla oblongata c) vestibular branch of cranial nerve VIII; pons d) vestibular branch of cranial nerve VIII; medulla oblongata
b) cochlear branch of cranial nerve VIII; medulla oblongata
The body parts represented by the largest area on the somatosensory map are the: a) trunk b) fingers c) shoulders d) thighs e) legs
b) fingers
Which of the following sympathetic responses is mismatched with its body part? a) iris of eye - dilation of pupil b) liver - increased glycogen synthesis c) stomach - decreased motility d) hair follicles - contraction of arrector pili muscles e) adipose tissue - increased lipolysis
b) liver - increased glycogen synthesis
The term used for an increased memory response to an event is: a) synesthesia b) long-term potentiation c) memory consolidation d) plasticity e) bradykinesia
b) long-term potentiation
In the olfactory pathway, axons of the mitral cells form the _________. The axons project to the _________. a) olfactory tract; thalamus and cerebral cortex b) olfactory tract; cerebral cortex and limbic system c) olfactory bulbs; thalamus and cerebral cortex d) olfactory bulbs; temporal lobe and cerebral cortex e) glomeruli; cerebral cortex and limbic system.
b) olfactory tract; cerebral cortex and limbic system
Dynamic equilibrium is maintained by the a) cochlea. b) semicircular canals. c) vestibule. d) spiral organ. e) utricle and saccule.
b) semicircular canals.
The definition of autonomic tone is: a) the communication between the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system b) the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity c) the constant slight contraction seen in skeletal muscles d) the canceling out effect of adrenergic and cholinergic responses to a stimulus
b) the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity
Which of the following is not true when comparing the direct and indirect motor pathways? a) the direct motor pathways are also called the pyramidal pathways b) the indirect motor pathways consist of three major tracts c) the lateral corticospinal tracts are a component of the direct motor pathways d) 90% of the axons decussate in the medulla oblongata in the direct motor pathways e) the rubrospinal tracts are a part of the indirect motor pathways
b) the indirect motor pathways consist of three major tracts
Which statement is false in reference to the autonomic ganglia? a) the prevertebral ganglia lie close to the abdominal arteries b) the terminal ganglia lie near the bellies of skeletal muscles c) the sympathetic chain ganglia lie close to the vertebrae on each side d) the sympathetic preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic chain are very short e) the terminal ganglia are parasympathetic ganglia
b) the terminal ganglia lie near the bellies of skeletal muscles
Which organ is matched incorrectly with either its sympathetic or parasympathetic ganglion? a) eye - ciliary ganglion b) urinary bladder - superior mesenteric ganglion c) ear - otic ganglion d) stomach - celiac ganglion e) heart - inferior cervical ganglion
b) urinary bladder - superior mesenteric ganglion
Which receptor fires continuously as long as a stimulation is applied? Select all that apply. a) Corpuscle of touch (Meissner corpuscle) b) Type I cutaneous mechanoreceptor (Merkel disc) c) Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscle d) Hair root receptor e) Photoreceptor f) Type II cutaneous mechanoreceptor (Ruffini corpuscle) g) thermoreceptor h) muscle spindles
bfgh
After staying up all night to study, your eyes are bloodshot. The vasculature in what area is congested and dilated?
bulbar conjunctiva
Select the correct order for the neural pathway from the inner ear to the brain. 1. inferior colliculus 2. cochlear branch nerve fibers of cranial nerve VIII 3. superior olivary nucleus in pons 4. hair cells in spiral organ 5. medial geniculate nucleus in thalamus 6. primary auditory cerebral cortex 7. cochlear nuclei in medulla oblongata a) 6,5, 1, 3, 7, 2, 4 b) 2, 4, 7, 1, 5, 3, 7 c) 4, 2, 7, 3, 1, 5, 6 d) 5, 1, 3, 7, 4, 2, 6 e) 4, 6, 2, 5, 1, 7, 3
c) 4, 2, 7, 3, 1, 5, 6
Which is the correct order of events of sound transmission through the ear? 1. sound waves strike the eardrum 2. the ear ossicles vibrate 3. hair cells of the spiral organ vibrate 4. the perilymph in the cochlea moves 5. sound waves enter the external auditory canal a) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 b) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c) 5, 1, 2, 4, 3 d) 5, 2, 1, 3, 4
c) 5, 1, 2, 4, 3
Which of the following is true when comparing types of pain sensations? a) C fibers, myelinated, slow pain b) A fibers, unmyelinated, acute pain c) C fibers, unmyelinated, chronic pain d) A fibers, myelinated, slow pain
c) C fibers, unmyelinated, chronic pain
______ receptors are primarily used for detecting light rays under bright light conditions. a) Basal cell b) Rods c) Cones d) Ganglion e) Amacrine cell
c) Cones
An agonist is: a) a substance that binds with a neurotransmitter to enhance its effects b) a substance that blocks a hormone from applying its effect c) a substance that activates a receptor producing the same effect as a neurotransmitter d) a substance that prevents a receptor from receiving a hormone
c) a substance that activates a receptor producing the same effect as a neurotransmitter
From which of the following layers of the developing embryo do the eyes develop? a) endoderm b) mesoderm c) ectoderm d) ectoderm and mesoderm e) ectoderm and endoderm
c) ectoderm
The cis to trans conversion of retinal when photopigments respond to light is called: a) bleaching b) regeneration c) isomerization d) adaptation
c) isomerization
The anatomical structure responsible for monitoring the change in length of a muscle is called: a) tendon organ b) alpha motor neuron c) muscle spindle d) type II cutaneous mechanoreceptor e) free nerve ending
c) muscle spindle
The best example of referred pain is: a) shoulder pain while throwing a baseball b) pain still present several minutes after stubbing your toe c) pain felt into the left arm during a heart attack d) pain down your leg from a pinched nerve in your back
c) pain felt into the left arm during a heart attack
Which of the following describes the correct sequence of events of an olfactory receptor reacting to an odorant? a) opening of sodium ion channels -> production of cAMP -> generation of nerve impulse -> depolarization b) production of cAMP -> generation of nerve impulse -> opening of sodium ion channels -> depolarization c) production of cAMP -> opening of sodium ion channels -> depolarization -> generation of nerve impulse d) generation of nerve impulse -> production of cAMP -> opening of sodium ion channels -> depolarization
c) production of cAMP -> opening of sodium ion channels -> depolarization -> generation of nerve impulse
The awareness of differences in the external or internal environment is defined as: a) perception b) transduction c) sensation d) integration e) conduction
c) sensation
Which stimulus does not stimulate the reticular activating system (RAS)? a) an alarm clock b) pain c) smoke d) bright light e) movement of the limbs
c) smoke
Which sensation is not carried by the posterior column-medial lemniscus (PCML) pathway? a) stereognosis b) vibration c) temperature d) fine touch e) kinesthesia
c) temperature
Which is not an event that occurs during the process of gustation? a) salty foods trigger opening of the sodium ion channels b) a tastant is dissolved in saliva c) the site of taste transduction occurs at the basal cells d) hydrogen ion channels are triggered by sour foods e) depolarization causes release of neurotransmitters
c) the site of taste transduction occurs at the basal cells
Memory is best defined as: a) the reinforcement that results from frequent retrieval of a piece of information b) the capability for change while learning c) the way in which information is stored and retrieved d) the ability to attain new information or skills
c) the way in which information is stored and retrieved
The largest autonomic plexus is called the
celiac plexus.
Which molecule detects light rays that strike the photopigments in the retina?
cis-retinal
The descending pathway
consists of upper and lower motor neurons.
A first-order neuron of the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway from the arm joins other axons to form the posterior column in the spinal column. It would synapse with second-order neuron cell bodies located in the _____.
cuneate nucleus
Place the flow of tears in correct order. 1. lacrimal gland 2.lacrimal sac 3.lacrimal duct 4. superior or inferior lacrimal canal 5. nasolacrimal duct 6. nasal cavity a) 6, 5, 2, 4, 3, 1 b) 2, 5, 3, 4, 1, 6 c) 3, 1, 4, 2, 5, 6 d) 1, 3, 4, 2, 5, 6 e) 2, 5, 6, 1, 3, 4
d) 1, 3, 4, 2, 5, 6
Which papillae increase surface area but do not aid in direct gustation? a) Vallate b) Fungiform c) Foliate d) Filiform e) Circumvallate
d) Filiform
After staying up all night to study, your eyes are bloodshot. The vasculature in what area is congested and dilated? a) cornea b) lacrimal puncta c) palpebral conjunctiva d) bulbar conjunctiva e) retina
d) bulbar conjunctiva
Which somatic sensory receptor is rapidly adapting and responsible for fine touch? a) type I cutaneous mechanoreceptor b) lamellated corpuscle c) nociceptor d) corpuscle of touch e) type II cutaneous mechanoreceptor
d) corpuscle of touch
Which structure within the ampulla contains hair cells that are involved in dynamic equilibrium? a) cupola b) macula c) otolithic membrane d) crista e) vestibular apparatus
d) crista
Which of the following is not a function of the cerebellum? a) monitors actual movement b) provides movement corrections c) monitors intentions for movement d) initiates movement e) receives input from the vestibular apparatus in the inner ear
d) initiates movement
The sympathetic division of the ANS is called the thoracolumbar division because: a) the axons of the preganglionic neurons control thoracolumbar inflow b) sensory stimulation is received via all thoracic and lumber nerve roots c) it controls only organs and muscles in the thoracic and lumbar areas of the body d) its preganglionic neurons' cell bodies are located in the gray matter of the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord
d) its preganglionic neurons' cell bodies are located in the gray matter of the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord
The axons of the ganglion neurons of the retina terminate in the a) optic disk. b) optic chiasm. c) visual cortex of cerebrum. d) lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. e) primary somatosensory area of cerebral cortex.
d) lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.
Which of the following somatic sensations has an encapsulated nerve ending as its sensory receptor? a) tickle b) pain c) heat or cold d) pressure e) itch
d) pressure
Sleep walking occurs in which stage of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep? a) stage 1 b) stage 2 c) stage 3 d) stage 4
d) stage 4
Which of the following comparisons of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the somatic nervous system (SNS) is not true? a) the SNS carries information from the special senses b) the ANS has sensory receptors called interoceptors c) tissues of the ANS can function even if their nerve supply is damaged d) the SNS contains motor neurons which are only excitatory e) angina pectoris is an example of input from the ANS
d) the SNS contains motor neurons which are only excitatory
Which of the following would not be considered to be a sensory modality? a) pain b) vision c) equilibrium d) thought e) vibration
d) thought
An age-related change where an individual has a ringing sensation in the ears is called: a) presbyopia b) cataracts c) presbycusis d) tinnitus e) glaucoma
d) tinnitus
Place the events of sound transduction in order. 1. Exocytosis of neurotransmitters occurs 2. Mechanically-gated channels fully open allowing K+ to enter 3. Calcium voltage-gated channels open 4. stereocilia of hair cells bend 5. Higher frequency of action potentials in first-order neurons 6. Cations entering cause depolarization a) 5, 1, 3, 2, 6, 4 b) 2, 6, 3, 4, 1, 5 c) 4, 1, 6, 3, 2, 5 d) 6, 4, 2, 3, 5, 1 e) 4, 2, 6, 3, 1, 5
e) 4, 2, 6, 3, 1, 5
During embryonic development, the lens of the eye develops directly from an invagination of the lens placodes called the a) optic groove. b) optic vesicle. c) optic stalk. d) prosencephalon. e) lens vesicle.
e) lens vesicle.
From which of the following layers of the developing embryo do the eyes develop?
ectoderm
The autonomic nervous system is involved in controlling what effectors? Select all that apply.
exocrine glands, endocrine glands, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle.
Autonomic tone is regulated by the
hypothalamus.
The axons of the ganglion neurons of the retina terminate in the
lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.
An individual with damage to their hippocampus may struggle with
memory consolidation.
Cholinergic receptors include
nicotinic and muscarinic receptors
The two main neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system are
norepinephrine and acetylcholine.
In the olfactory pathway, axons of the mitral cells form the _________. The axons project to the _________.
olfactory tract; cerebral cortex and limbic system
Acetylcholine is always released by _____ postganglionic neurons and is removed from the synaptic cleft at a _____ rate than norepinephrine.
parasympathetic; faster
Dancers being aware of their body position when they are in the air is
proprioception.
The postcentral gyri of the parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex
receives primary somatic sensory information
A postganglionic neuron in the ANS
releases neurotransmitter that binds to the effector cell.
Dynamic equilibrium is maintained by the
semicircular canals.
A disorder that affects the basal nuclei would have what affect?
shaking of hands
Which structure is dually innervated?
stomach
Splanchnic nerves are primarily
sympathetic pregagnlionic fibers
In the trigeminothalamic pathway, first-order neuron's cell bodies are located in the
trigeminal ganglia
Parasympathetic innervation of the liver occurs through
vagus (X) nerve
Autonomic motor neurons regulate visceral activities by 1. increasing activities in effector tissue. 2. decreasing activities in effector tissue. 3. allowing bidirectional conduction across synapses.
1 and 2
Autonomic motor neurons regulate visceral activities by 1.increasing activities in effector tissue. 2. decreasing activities in effector tissue. 3. allowing bidirectional conduction across synapses.
1 and 2
Place the events in order for the process of sensation? 1. Stimulation of sensory receptors 2. Generation of impulses 3. Integration of sensory input 4. Transduction of the stimulus
1, 4, 2, 3
stereocilia of hair cells bend,5. Higher frequency of action potentials in first-order neurons,6. Cations entering cause depolarization
4, 2, 6, 3, 1, 5
Place the events in order of sympathetic motor pathway. 1. postganglionic neuron depolarizes 2. acetylcholine binds to sweat gland's muscarinic receptor 3. postganglionic neuron releases acetylcholine 4. neuron exits lumbar segment of spinal cord 5. acetylcholine binds to nicotinic receptor 6. neuron releases acetylcholine
4, 6, 5, 1, 3, 2
Place the events in order of sympathetic motor pathway. 1. postganglionic neuron depolarizes 2. acetylcholine binds to sweat gland's muscarinic receptor 3. postganglionic neuron releases acetylcholine 4. neuron exits lumbar segment of spinal cord 5. acetylcholine binds to nicotinic receptor 6. neuron releases acetylcholine
4, 6, 5, 1, 3, 2
Light enters the retina through the layers of neural retina in this order ______; however information is processed through this order _______ in the retina 1Photoreceptor cell layer 2Bipolar cell layer 3Inner synaptic layer 4Outer synaptic layer 5Ganglion cell layer
5, 3, 2, 4, 1 / 1, 4, 2, 3, 5
Which nerve supplies the inferior mesenteric ganglion with preganglionic neurons? a) Lumbar splanchnic nerve b) Lesser splanchnic nerve c) Greater splanchnic nerve d) Cardiac accelerator e) Phrenic nerve
A
_____ bind the odorants and begin signal transduction. a) Olfactory cilia b) Supporting cells c) Basal stem cells d) Bowman's glands e) Gustatory receptor cells
A
How would a molecule that mimics cAMP affect an olfactory receptor?
All of the answers are correct.
[dropdown 1] carry afferent signals from the sensory receptor to the CNS. [dropdown 2] carry afferent signals from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex. [dropdown 3] carry sensory information from the CNS to the thalamus. First order neurons Second order neurons Third order neurons Preganglionic neurons Motor neurons Postganglionic neurons Efferent neurons
Answer 1: First order neurons Answer 2: Third order neurons Answer 3: Second order neurons
7) Which of the following describes the sympathetic division of the ANS? Select all that apply. a) Ganglia primarily found in the head b) Stimulates sweat glands c) Synapses with smooth muscle in blood vessel walls d) Short preganglionic neurons e) Craniosacral output f) Always releases acetylcholine g) Releases hormones h) Increases digestive glands
Answer 1: b Answer 2: c Answer 3: d Answer 4: g
What statements support that this diagram represents a somatic motor pathway and not an autonomic motor pathway? Select all that apply. a) neuron cell body is in anterior root b) there is one motor neuron in the pathway c) because the motor neuron is myelinated d) because the effector is a skeletal muscle e) the neuron exits the anterior root
Answer 1: b Answer 2: d
Which of the following nerves conducts impulses associated with the sense of gustation? a) Vestibulocochlear b) Oculomotor c) Vagus d) Trigeminal e) Facial f) Glossopharyngeal g) Hypoglossal h) Abducens
Answer 1: c Answer 2: e Answer 3: f
Which neurons would normally have the shortest axons? Select all that apply a) Somatic motor neurons b) Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons c) Postganglionic sympathetic neurons d) Preganglionic sympathetic neurons e) Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons
Answer 1: d Answer 2: e
As you extend your arm, two tracts work together to maintain posture and muscle tone. Muscles in your proximal limb will be excited by the [dropdown 1 and inhibited by the [dropdown 2]. corticobulbar tract lateral reticulosppinal tract medial reticulospinal tract rubrospinal tract tectospinal tract vestibulospinal tract
Answer 1: medial reticulospinal tract Answer 2: Lateral reticulospinal tract
The descending pathway a) controls sensory functions. b) consists of upper and lower motor neurons. c) consists of neurons located completely within the spinal cord. d) begins in the spinal cord and ends in the brain. e) is only involved with involuntary muscle movements.
B
The postcentral gyri of the parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex a) are considered the primary gustatory area. b) receives primary somatic sensory information. c) controls voluntary body movements. d) receives visual information. e) provides the ability to move the eyeballs.
B
Which of the following are responsible for producing new olfactory receptors? A olfactory glands B basal cells C supporting cells D olfactory bulbs
B basal cells
A viral infection has damaged a patient's tectospinal tract. What signs of this damage probably helped the physicians diagnose the problem?
Can not move the head or eyes in response to visual stimuli
______ receptors are primarily used for detecting light rays under bright light conditions.
Cones
A soccer ball was hit your way. You see the area you want to kick it to at the same time you are preparing to plant your foot and kick the ball. What area allows you to compare intended movement with the actual movement? a) cerebral cortex b) medulla oblongata c) midbrain d) cerebellum e) thalamus
D
Cholinergic receptors include: a) nicotinic and adrenergic receptors b) muscarinic, alpha, and beta receptors c) adrenergic and nicotinic receptors d) nicotinic and muscarinic receptors e) alpha, beta, and nicotinic receptors
D
Jennifer is at a stoplight and begins to accelerate into traffic when the light turns green. She stops suddenly as a truck runs the red light and is only a few inches away from her front bumper. Which effect would you NOT expect to see in Jennifer's body? a) Increased heart rate b) Airway dilation c) Increased pupil diameter d) Increased secretion of digestive juices e) Increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine
D
____ would detect irritation on the skin if you didn't wear gloves while cleaning with bleach. a) Photoreceptors b) Mechanoreceptors c) Proprioceptors d) Nociceptors e) Thermoreceptors
D
Cholinergic neurons are named after the neurotransmitters that they release, the catecholamines. True or False
False
The basal nucleus provide direct input to the lower motor neurons (final common pathway). True or False
False
The ears and the eyes both develop from ectodermal tissue. True or False
False
The primary information carried by the spinocerebellar tracts is pain and temperature True or False
False
The same number of cranial nerves are involved in transmitting sensations in both olfaction and gustation. True or false
False
Ultimately, vestibular axons connect with the olfactory (I) nerve. True or False
False
Which papillae increase surface area but do not aid in direct gustation?
Filiform
Which autonomic plexuses serve the large intestine?
Inferior mesenteric plexus, superior mesenteric plexus
______ are sensory receptors located in blood vessels and visceral organs, whose signals are not usually consciously perceived.
Interoceptors
Which nerve supplies the inferior mesenteric ganglion with preganglionic neurons?
Lumbar splanchnic nerve
____ would detect irritation on the skin if you didn't wear gloves while cleaning with bleach.
Nociceptors
which bind the odorants and begin signal transduction?
Olfactory cilia
Which of the following structures provides innervation for the external genitals?
Pelvic splanchnic nerve, hypogastric plexus
The rami are formed from which neurons?
Preganglionic sympathetic
Which neurons would normally have the shortest axons?
Preganglionic sympathetic neurons and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons
1. Decreased heart rate. 2. Decreased blood pressure. 3. Skeletal muscle tone decreases
Stage 4 NREM
The sympathetic system supplies the heart and lungs when preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons between ____.
T1-T4 trunk ganglion
Which statement accurately describes the changes in the membrane potential of a photoreceptor cell when light rays strike its photopigments?
The photoreceptor cell undergoes hyperpolarization.
All of the following are true of olfactory pathways except which one?
They project first to the occipital lobes and then to the thalamus.
A generator potential produces action potentials and a receptor potential causes release of neurotransmitters. True or False
True
During periods of rest and recovery, the sympathetic activity to glands and smooth muscles predominates over parasympathetic activity. True or False
True
Taste buds consist of supporting cells, gustatory receptor cells, and basal cells. true or false
True
The Sympathetic division is associated with excitement or embarrassment. True or False
True
The fingertips, hands, and lips are supplied with both rapidly adapting and slowly adapting touch receptors True or false
True
The primary difference between an autonomic reflex arc and a somatic reflex arc is that the former has two motor neurons connecting the CNS to an effector. True or False
True
The primary reason that the sympathetic division of the ANS produces immediate responses within the body is based on the concept of divergence. True or False
True
The receptor potential in a photoreceptor (e.g., a rod) is caused by the release of an inhibitory neurotransmitter. True or false
True
The vocal cords, lips, and face combined would occupy a larger area in the primary motor area of the cerebral cortex than the wrist, elbow, and shoulder combined. True or False
True
Which of the following nerves conducts impulses associated with the sense of gustation?
Vagus/facial/glossopharyngeal
The ______contains sympathetic preganglionic axons and connects the anterior ramus of the spinal nerve with the sympathetic trunk ganglia.
White rami communicanes
A postganglionic neuron in the ANS a) releases neurotransmitter that binds to the effector cell. b) is the first part of an autonomic motor pathway. c) has its cell body in the brain or spinal cord. d) has its axons exiting the CNS through cranial nerves. e) carries information into the sympathetic chain ganglia.
a
Place the events in order for the process of sensation? 1. Stimulation of sensory receptors 2. Generation of impulses 3. Integration of sensory input 4.Transduction of the stimulus a) 1, 2, 3, 4 b) 2, 1, 4, 3 c) 1, 4, 2, 3 d) 4, 2, 3, 1 e) 3, 2,4, 1
a) 1, 4, 2, 3
Choose the sequence of events in order for how gustation is conveyed from beginning to end. 1. Taste bud detects tastant on anterior two third of tongue 2. Information travels to limbic system and hypothalamus, and to the thalamus 3. Gustatory nucleus in medulla receives information 4. First order neuron from facial nerve carries impulse 5. First order neuron from vagus nerve carries impulse 6. First order neuron from glossopharyngeal nerve carries impulse 7. Conscious perception of taste 8. Information is sent to the insula of the cerebral cortex a) 1, 4, 3, 2, 8, 7 b) 7, 8, 2, 3, 6, 1 c) 7,1,5, 3, 2, 8 d) 1, 4, 5, 5, 3 ,4 , 8, 7 4, 1, 2, 3, 7, 8
a) 1, 4, 3, 2, 8, 7
Choose the correct sequence of events for the control of body movement. 1. stimulation of upper motor neurons 2. descending tracts 3. beginning of voluntary movement 4. skeletal muscle contraction 5. stimulation of lower motor neurons 6. cerebral cortex's premotor areas a) 3, 6, 1, 2, 5, 4 b) 4, 5, 2, 1, 6, 3 c) 2, 3, 1, 5, 6, 4 d) 3, 1, 6, 5, 2, 4 e) 1, 3, 4, 2, 6, 5
a) 3, 6, 1, 2, 5, 4
Which of the following does not consist primarily of slowly adapting sensory receptors? a) body position b) touch c) pressure d) smell
a) body position
Which structure transduces mechanical vibrations into electrical signals? a) hair cells b) supporting cells c) tympanic membrane d) oval window e) auricle
a) hair cells
Which of the following does not pertain to the lacrimal apparatus? a) tears are produced by the sebaceous glands b) tears contain a bactericidal enzyme c) tears exit the eye vicinity via two small lacrimal puncta d) lacrimal fluid ultimately ends up in the nasal cavity e) lacrimal ducts empty tears onto the conjunctiva of the upper lid
a) tears are produced by the sebaceous glands
Which of the following does not describe the autonomic nervous system? a) the effectors are primarily skeletal muscles b) the sympathetic division generally stimulates an organ c) preganglionic axons release acetylcholine d) it is under involuntary control e) the parasympathetic division decreases heart rate
a) the effectors are primarily skeletal muscles
Which of the following effects does not occur during the fight-or-flight response? a) the pupils constrict b) the airways increase in diameter c) blood vessels to skeletal muscles dilate d) heart rate speeds up e) blood pressure increases
a) the pupils constrict
Which statements describe proprioception? Select all that apply. a) Proprioceptive sensations allow us to estimate the weight of certain objects. b) Proprioceptors are slowly adapting receptors. c) Proprioceptors are embedded in muscles and tendons d) Proprioceptive sensations allow us to determine position of body structures relative to each other. e) Proprioceptive sensations are used to activate the nervous system in response to threatening situations. f) Proprioceptive sensations only allow you to know the positon of body parts when looking at the part.
abcd
Which statements describe a preganglionic neuron? Select all that apply a) Has axons that exit the CNS in a cranial or spinal nerve. b) Has mostly myelinated axons. c) Forms the first part of an autonomic motor pathway. d) Has its cell body in the brain or spinal cord. e) Forms gap junctions with postganglionic neurons in autonomic ganglia. f) Has unmyelinated axons g) Releases acetylcholine h) pathway will lead to skeletal muscle
abcdg
The first step in the visual transduction process that occurs in the retina is
absorption of light by photopigments.