Anatomy & Physiology II

The liver receives ________ blood from the hepatic _______ and ____________ blood from the hepatic ___________. Branches of both veins carry blood into liver sinusoids. _____________ absorb oxygen, most of the nutrients, and some toxins. Needed substances are secreted back into the blood. Blood then drains into the ________ vein and into a__________ vein.

The liver receives oxygenated blood from the hepatic artery and deoxygenated blood from the hepatic portal vein. Branches of both veins carry blood into liver sinusoids. Hepatocytes absorb oxygen, most of the nutrients, and some toxins. Needed substances are secreted back into the blood. Blood then drains into the central vein and into a hepatic vein.

Simple Columnar Epithelium can be found past the lower esophageal junction in the stomach. The junction is located between the esophagus and the stomach.

True

Paratoid gland picture is stained a purple color due to the serous cells, wherein the Sublingual gland picture is stained more of a clear/blue with purple edging on the cells.

...

What features of the small intestine facilitate its role of digestion and absorption?

Circular folds, Villi, Microvilli

The renal corpuscle consists of the:

Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule

The highly permeable blood capillaries of the liver are called

Hepatic Sinusoids

Which digestive gland produces bile?

Liver

Layers of the Upper GI Tract

Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis Externa Adventita in Esophagus>Serosa elsewhere

What are the 3 types of major salivary glands?

Parotid, Submandibular, and Sublingual Glands

Pancreatic acini are exocrine in nature while Islets of Langerhans are endocrine.

TRUE

True or False The pancreatic duct and the common bile duct enter the duodenum at the hepatopancreatic ampulla connecting the liver and the gallbladder.

TRUE

Duodenum has finger-like projections called villi located in the mucosa.

True

Gastric glands are found under the gastric pit in the mucosa of the stomach and are made up of the parietal cells and chief cells

True

Goblet cells are located in the colon in the mucosa. They are very large simple columnar transparent cells.

True

Kidney tissue is made up of two main areas the renal medulla and renal cortex. The renal cortex has renal corpuscles. (a C-like structure with a ball in the center)

True

Proximal Tubule is located next to the bowman's capsule and has many microvilli. The distal tubule is after the Bowman's capsule and Proximal Tubule and has a center surrounded by an open circle.

True

The jejunum has circular folds called plicae with villi that surrounds the plicae at the tips of the mucosa. The submucosa is in the center of the plicae.

True

The loop of Henle is located within the renal medulla.

True

Within the renal corpuscle is a ball of capillaries known as the glomerulus and the "C" structure around it is the Bowman's capsule.

True

In order from the small intestine to the anus, name the major regions of the large intestine:

cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal.

The ducts of the pancreas and liver connect to the digestive tract at the

duodenum

The cystic duct is attached to the

gallbladder

What are part of the digestive system, but are not part of the alimentary canal?

liver, pancreas, and gallbadder

Which attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?

the falciform ligament

The teniae coli are

thickened portions of the longitudinal muscles of the muscularis.

Bile formed in the liver is transported to the gall bladder for storage through which pathway?

Bile duct, right and left hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, cystic duct.

A specialized structure of the tongue that contains taste buds is papillae. There are three main types name them?

Filliform-Shaped like flames Fungiform-Shaped like mushrooms Circumvallate-located in the area of the sulcus terminalis or circular fold.

The pancreatic acini are small clusters of glandular epithelial cells which comprise the exocrine portion of the pancreas.

TRUE

Correctly List the connective tissues surrounding the kidneys STARTING WITH THE MOST SUPERFICIAL LAYER?

renal fascia, adipose capsule, renal capsule

What do you call the "cap" of an acini that has a half moon appearance and are made up of serous cells?

Demilune They are found in the sub mandibular salivary glands.

True or False Filtrate (urine) flows from the renal pelvis into the minor calyx, followed by the major calyx. It then flows into the ureter on the way to the urinary bladder.

False-Collecting ducts or Renal Pyramids, Renal Papillae, Minor Calyx, Major Calyx, Renal Pelvis, Ureter, Urinary Bladder

Submandibular glands have serous cells and mucous cells and clusters of acini with both serous and mucous cells.

...

A nephron includes a 1. renal corpuscle. 2. renal tubule. 3. renal capsule.

1 and 2 are correct. Renal Corpuscle and Renal Tubule

Which one is NOT a function of hepatocytes? A. Secretion of digestive enzymes B. Secretion of bile C. Detoxifying alcohol D. Synthesizing cholesterol

A. Secretion of digestive enzymes

Name the path of urine drainage:

Collecting duct/Renal Pyramids>Renal Papillae>minor calyx>major calyx>renal pelvis>ureter>urinary bladder

These glands secrete alkaline mucus that helps to neutralize gastric acid

Duodenal Glands of the Submucosa also known as Brunner's Glands.

The ducts of the pancreas and liver connect to the digestive tract at the

Duodenum, however the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct (duct of Wirsung) meet at the ampulla of Vater (hepatopancreatic ampulla) and then connect to the duodenum.

The major regions of the large intestine include the ascending, transverse and descending colon and the pylorus.

FALSE

The major regions of the large intestine include the ascending, transverse and descending colon and the pylorus?

FALSE

True or False Bile enters the gallbladder from the liver through the common bile duct and leaves the gallbladder through the cystic duct.

FALSE The common hepatic duct joins the cystic duct (cystic = bladder) from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct. From here, bile enters the small intestine to participate in digestion. The cystic duct is a two way street, therefore bile enters and leaves the gallbladder through the cystic duct.

True or False The left hepatic duct joins the cystic duct from the gallbladder?

False-The left hepatic duct meets with the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. However, as blood passes through the sinusoids, it is processed by hepatocytes and phagocytes. Processed blood returns from the liver to systemic circulation through the hepatic vein. The liver receives oxygenated blood through the hepatic artery, and the hepatic portal vein delivers deoxygenated blood from the GI tract to the liver.

Functions of the liver include all of the following except: A. Bile secretion B. Synthesis of bile salts C. Detoxification D. Bilirubin excretion E. Insulin secretion

Insulin Secretion

Where can mucous acini be found and what do they look like?

Mucous acini are found in the Sublingual Gland and have more of a fluffy cloud appearance. The nuclei of the cells have more of a dash/scribble appearance than a round circle and are pushed to the outer edge of the cell.

Where can serous acini be found and what do they look like?

Serous acini are found in the Parotid Gland and have round circles that look like a small seed that are the nuclei in from the outer edge of the cell and produce aqueous saliva.

Which of the following is not true concerning the liver? The left hepatic duct joins the cystic duct from the gallbladder. As blood passes through the sinusoids, it is processed by hepatocytes and phagocytes. Processed blood returns from the liver to systemic circulation through the hepatic vein. The liver receives oxygenated blood through the hepatic artery. The hepatic portal vein delivers deoxygenated blood from the GI tract to the liver.

The left hepatic duct joins the cystic duct from the gallbladder.

Parietal cells stain pink with large nucleus that look like eggs. The Chief cells stain purple.

True

Peyer's patches are located in the submucosa of the Ileum.

True

Stratified Squamous Epithelium is made up of many layers of flat cells and found in the esophagus

True

The appendix has large nodules that looks like peyer's patches, but are not as there are also mucous cells under them.

True

The glands in the submucosa of the duodenum inferior to the villi are the Brunner's glands with a layer of muscularis externa inferior to them.

True

The pancreas has pancreatic acini and islets of langerhans. The Islets of Langerhans looks like individual cells. The pancreatic acini are in clusters.

True

The portal triad is made up of the portal vein, hepatic artery and the bile duct. The portal vein makes up the largest of the three circles. The hepatic artery has a thick muscular wall around and the bile duct is surrounded with smaller nuceli around the edge.

True

True or False The major regions of the large intestine are the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal?

True