Anatomy and Physiology Quiz 7 - Endocrine System
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is produced by the ________. A) anterior pituitary B) thyroid gland C) hypothalamus D) posterior pituitary
A) anterior pituitary
Hyposecretion of ________ results in increased urinary output and dehydration. A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) C) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) D) mineralocorticoids
A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
The function of this hormone is to stimulate growth, particularly of long bones and muscle. A) growth hormone B) thymosins C) thyroid hormone D) calcitonin
A) growth hormone
In addition to endocrine glands, some organs whose functions are primarily nonendocrine also produce hormones. These endocrine tissues include ________ and ________. A) heart and kidneys B) parathyroids and skin C) gastrointestinal tract and adrenals D) adipose tissue and sweat glands
A) heart and kidneys
Diabetes insipidus, a condition characterized by thirst and excessive urine output is caused by ________. A) hyposecretion of ADH B) hyposecretion of insulin C) hypersecretion of ADH D) hypersecretion of insulin
A) hyposecretion of ADH
A patient suffering from hypothyroidism has developed a goiter. This occurred because ________. A) low levels of thyroid hormone removed inhibition from the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus, more TSH was produced and it stimulated the thyroid gland to increase in size B) the mental sluggishness associated with hypothyroidism stimulates the thyroid gland to increase in size C) low levels of thyroid hormone stimulate the thyroid gland to increase in size D) the low activity level associated with hypothyroidism stimulates the thyroid land to increase in size
A) low levels of thyroid hormone removed inhibition from the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus, more TSH was produced and it stimulated the thyroid gland to increase in size
Which hormones are produced by the parathyroid gland? A) only PTH B) calcitonin and PTH C) T3 and T4 D) calcitonin and calcitriol
A) only PTH
This hormone stimulates uterine contractions during birth and causes milk ejection in the lactating mother. A) oxytocin B) gonadocorticoids C) prolactin D) melatonin
A) oxytocin
Hypersecretion of this hormone results in loss of calcium from the bones, and softening and spontaneous fractures of the bones. A) parathyroid hormone B) growth hormone C) gonadocorticoids D) insulin
A) parathyroid hormone
This gland is located in the cranial cavity and produces the hormone melatonin. A) pineal B) pituitary C) hypothalamus D) choroid plexus
A) pineal
Besides controlling metabolic rate, thyroid hormone has many functions. These include ________. A) regulation of growth and development, and maturation of the nervous system B) regulation of blood calcium, and release of calcium from bones C) enabling the body to resist both short-term and long-term stressors D) stimulating production of sex cells (egg an sperm) and secondary sex characteristics
A) regulation of growth and development, and maturation of the nervous system
Cretinism, a condition characterized by mental retardation in children, is caused by deficiency of ________. A) thyroid hormone B) insulin C) growth hormone D) aldosterone
A) thyroid hormone
Which hormone is the single most important one that influences metabolism? A) thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) B) thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) C) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
A) thyroid hormone (T3 and T4)
This endocrine gland sits atop the kidneys. It's inner most portion releases the hormone epinephrine
Adrenal
Hormones produced by the
Adrenal Medulla Epinephrine, Norepinephrine
Which reason best explains why hyperinsulinism in the fish causes it to become comatose? A) High blood glucose levels damage the kidneys. B) Low blood glucose levels deprive the brain of fuel. C) Low blood glucose levels shut down the liver. D) High blood glucose levels make the brain shut down.
B) Low blood glucose levels deprive the brain of fuel.
The adrenal cortex produces the hormones ________. A) cortisol B) aldosterone, cortisol, and androgens C) androgens D) aldosterone
B) aldosterone, cortisol, and androgens
Metabolism refers to ________. A) all the catabolic processes in the body B) all the chemical reactions necessary to maintain life. C) all the anabolic processes in the body
B) all the chemical reactions necessary to maintain life.
Hyposecretion of insulin, or a deficiency in insulin receptors leads to ________. A) hypoglycemia B) diabetes mellitus C) tetany D) hirsutism
B) diabetes mellitus
This hormone is the major controller of blood calcium on a day-to-day basis. A) renal caltrate B) parathyroid hormone C) calcitonin D) calcitriol
B) parathyroid hormone
This endocrine gland sits atop the kidneys. It's inner most portion releases the hormone epinephrine. A) thyroid B) pancreas C) adrenal D) thymus
C) adrenal
Which cells of the pancreas produce insulin? A) acinar cells B) alpha cells C) beta cells D) chief cells
C) beta cells
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease in which the body makes abnormal antibodies that mimic the action of TSH on the thyroid gland. You would expect a patient with this disease to have ________. A) normal thyroid function B) low levels of thyroid hormones C) high levels of thyroid hormones
C) high levels of thyroid hormones
Graves' disease, characterized by high metabolic rate, weight loss, irregular heart rate, and protrusion of the eyeballs is caused by ________. A) hypersecretion of growth hormone B) hyposecretion of insulin C) hypersecretion of thyroid hormone D) hyposecretion of aldosterone
C) hypersecretion of thyroid hormone
What gland makes growth hormone? A) pancreas B) thyroid C) pituitary D) adrenal
C) pituitary
The hormone glucagon ________. A) stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen or fat for storage B) raises blood glucose, accelerates transport of glucose into body cells, and stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen or fat for storage C) raises blood glucose D) accelerates transport of glucose into body cells
C) raises blood glucose
How is body weight correlated to thyroid levels? A) Increased thyroid hormone causes more food to be stored as fat, leading to weight gain. B) Increased thyroid hormone causes muscles to bulk up, thus increasing weight. C) Increased thyroid hormone causes a decrease in BMR, leading to weight gain. D) Increased thyroid hormone causes the body to burn food at a faster rate, reducing the chance that calories from food will be stored as fat and lead to weight gain.
D) Increased thyroid hormone causes the body to burn food at a faster rate, reducing the chance that calories from food will be stored as fat and lead to weight gain.
This adrenal cortex hormone is involved in regulation of salt and water balance. A) androgens B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C) cortisol D) aldosterone
D) aldosterone
Hyperthyroidism is associated with ________. A) feeling chilled B) lethargy C) weight gain D) increased BMR (basal metabolic rate)
D) increased BMR (basal metabolic rate)
Melatonin, a hormone made by this gland, controls our diurnal (daily) cycle. A) thymus B) pituitary C) thyroid D) pineal
D) pineal
Hormones released from this gland include ADH and oxytocin. A) pineal B) hypothalamus C) anterior pituitary D) posterior pituitary
D) posterior pituitary
This gland produces the hormone calcitonin. A) pancreas B) pituitary C) parathyroid D) thyroid
D) thyroid
Which hormone stimulates the release of thyroid hormone? A) thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) B) GHIH C) GHRH D) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
D) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Connected by a stalk called the infundibulum, this region of the brain is intimately associated with the pituitary gland and its hormones
Hypothalmus
Tropic hormones from the anterior pituitary include
LH, FSH, ACTH, and TSH
Post. Pituitary Gland
Oxytocin, ADH
Which hormones are produced by the parathyroid gland
PTH
Melatonin, a hormone made by this gland, controls our diurnal (daily) cycle
Pineal
This gland is located in the cranial cavity and produces the hormone melatonin
Pineal
Hormones released from this gland include ADH and oxytocin
Post. Pituitary
Which of the following hormones requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus for its secretion?
Prolactin
Thryroid Gland hormones
Thyroxine T4, Triiodothyronine T3
Growth hormone and prolactin are produced by these anterior pituitary cells
acidophil cells
The _____ is situated on top of the kidney and each component secretes different hormones.
adrenal gland (suprarenal)
This adrenal cortex hormone is involved in regulation of salt and water balance
aldosterone
The adrenal cortex produces the hormones
aldosterone, cortisol and androgens
_________________is another name for sex hormones
androgens
Hypersecretion of ________ results in increased urinary output and dehydration.
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
disease of the thyroid gland: hypothyroidism
cretinism
Hyposecretion of insulin, or a deficiency in insulin receptors leads to
diabetes mellitus
The adrenal medulla secretes __________ and _______
epinephrine, norepinephrine
These hormones are produced in the zona fasciculata. They help the body resist long term stressors
glucocorticoids
Disease of the thyroid gland: hyperthyroidism; excessive production of the thyroid hormone; enlargement of the thyroid tissue
graves disease
________________________ predominately affects females symptomatically as nervousness, emotional liability, and inability to sleep
graves disease
The function of this hormone is to stimulate growth, particularly of long bones and muscle
growth hormone
Graves" disease is an autoimmune disease in which the body makes abnormal antibodies that mimic the action of TSH on the thyroid gland. You can except a patient with this disease to have___
high levels of thyroid hormones
Graves disease, characterized by high metabolic rate, weight loss, irregular heart rate, and protrusion of the eyeballs is called__
hypersecretion of thyroid hormone
______________________ causes profound generalized disturbances in bone growth and maturation.
hypopituitarism
The hormonal secretion of the pituitary gland are controlled by the ___________________
hypothalamus
Action potentials from hypothalamic neurons cause the release of this hormone
oxytocin
This hormone stimulates uterine contractions during birth and causes milk ejection in the lactating mother
oxytocin
The ______________ are the glands responsible for controlling levels of blood calcium and phosphate.
parathyroid gland
Hypersecretion of this hormone results in loss of calcium from the bones, and softening and spontaneous fractures of the bones
parathyroid hormone
This hormone is the major controller of blood calcium on a day-to-day basis.
parathyroid hormone
What gland makes growth hormone
pituitary
Ant Pituitary non tropic hormone
prolactin, growth hormone
The hormone glucagon
raises blood glucose
These hormones pass through the hypophyseal portal system to act on cells of the anterior pituitary gland.
releasing or inhibiting hormones
The pituitary gland sits in the bony depression in the sphenoid bone called the__________________________________
sella turcica
This gland produces the hormone calcitonin
thyroid
The _____________is a butterfly-shaped gland consisting of two lobes.
thyroid gland
Cretinism, a condition characterized by mental retardation in children, is caused by deficiency of
thyroid hormone
Which hormone is the single most important one that influences metabolism
thyroid hormone (T3 and T4)
