Anatomy blood and heart test
18) Blood returning from the lungs enters the a) left atrium b) right atrium c) left ventricle d) right ventricle
A
59) Which of the following insoluble fibers forms a mesh network and the basis for the formation of a clot during coagulation: a. albumin b. fibrin c. thrombin d. fibrinogen e. hemoglobin
B
9) The right atrium receives what? a) oxygen rich blood b) capillaries c) oxygen poor blood d) platelets
C
10) The heart is separated by a wall of tissue called ... a) veins b) capillaries c) atriums d) septum
D
104)When an antigen triggers an immune response, it usually activates ________ first. A) mast cells B) plasma cells C) B cells D) T cells E) NK cells
D
106) Which is the action of histamine? A) releases digestive enzymes that destroy the injured cells and then attacks the surrounding tissues B) increases rate of metabolism C) interferes with viral replication inside the cell D) makes capillaries more permeable and speeds up blood flow through the area of damaged tissue E) enhances phagocytosis
D
46) Which of the following is a regulatory function of blood? A) delivery of oxygen to body cells B) transport of metabolic wastes from cells C) prevention of blood loss D) maintenance of normal pH in body tissues
D
48) When neither anti-A nor anti-B clots on a blood plate, the blood is type ________. A) A B) B C) AB D) O
D
52) Which of the following is not a distribution function of blood? A) delivery of oxygen to body cells B) transport of metabolic wastes from cells C) transport of hormones to their target organs D) transport of salts to maintain blood volume
D
62) Which of the following chemicals does not help regulate blood pressure? A) ADH B) atrial natriuretic peptide C) angiotensin II D) nitric acid
D
60) Bleeding disorders often result from a lack of which one of the following vitamins: a. vitamin B12 b. vitamin A c. vitamin C d. vitamin D e. vitamin K
E
15) The hormones that prompts red blood cell formation:
Erythropoietin
14) The most numerous type of white blood cells is:
Neutrophil
11) A _____ prevents blood from flowing backward. a) valve b) heart c) septum d) ventricle
A
2) Which tunic of an artery contains endothelium? A) tunica intima B) tunica media C) tunica externa D) basement membrane
A
22) The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute is referred to as a) cardiac output b) stroke volume c) cardiac cycle d) ejection fraction
A
30) Blood returning directly from the systemic circulation enters the A) right atrium. B) right ventricle. C) left atrium. D) left ventricle. E) pulmonary trunk.
A
34) Which one of the following formed elements is the most abundant: A) erythrocytes B) eosinophils C) platelets D) basophils E) lymphocytes Erythrocytes
A
35) Which one of the following groups consist of granulocytes: A) neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils B) lymphocytes and monocytes C) eosinophils and monocytes D) basophils and eosinophils E) neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils
A
36) The type of leukocytes that would increase rapidly during allergy attacks and infections of parasitic worms are: A) eosinophils B) basophils C) neutrophils D) lymphocytes E) monocytes
A
41) A substance that stimulates the immune system to release antibodies: A) antigen B) antibody C) interleukin D) fibrinogen E) prothrombin activator
A
49) Platelets ________. A) stick to the damaged area of a blood vessel and help seal the break B) have a life span of about 120 days C) are the precursors of leukocytes D) have multiple nuclei
A
50) Fredʹs blood was determined to be AB positive. What does this mean? A) There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma. B) Antibodies to A and B are present in the red cells. C) His blood lacks Rh factor. D) He can only receive blood from a donor who is AB positive.
A
51) What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production? A) Kidney B) Brain C) Liver D) Pancreas
A
53) Which of the following is a protective function of blood? A) prevention of blood loss B) maintenance of adequate fluid volume C) maintenance of normal pH in body tissue D) maintenance of body temperature
A
54) An individual who is blood type AB negative can ________. A) receive any blood type in moderate amounts except that with the Rh antigen B) donate to all blood types in moderate amounts C) receive types A, B, and AB, but not type O D) donate to types A, B, and AB, but not to type O
A
77) Red blood cells travelling through veins A) lack oxygen and are burgundy. B) lack oxygen and are bright red. C) are oxygenated and are burgundy. D) are oxygenated and are bright red.
A
78) The white blood cell that phagocytoses injured and infected tissue is the A) neutrophil. B) eosinophil. C) basophil. D) monocyte. E) lymphocyte.
A
80) A blood clot that does not retain its vessel wall location becomes a(n) A) embolus. B) embolism. C) infarction. D) thrombus. E) thrombolus.
A
82) The circuit that begins at the right ventricle and ends at the left atrium is the ________ circuit. A) pulmonary B) arteriole C) systemic D) venous E) hepatic
A
92) The two collecting ducts that ultimately drain the lymphatic vessels are the A) thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct. B) lumbar duct and left lymphatic duct. C) intestinal duct and left celiac trunk. D) bronchomediastinal duct and subclavian duct. E) thyrocervical trunk and bronchomediastinal duct.
A
93) ________ are large lymphoid nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx. A) Tonsils B) Peyer patches C) Lymph nodes D) Complements E) Thymus glands
A
95) ________ develop(s) when the immune response mistakenly targets normal body cells and tissues. A) Autoimmune disorders B) Immediate hypersensitivity C) Anaphylaxis D) Immunodeficiency diseases E) Immune complex disorders
A
98) Allowing small children to be exposed to some dirt is one way of imparting A) naturally acquired active immunity. B) artificially induced active immunity. C) innate (nonspecific) immunity. D) naturally acquired passive immunity. E) artificially induced passive immunity.
A
13) The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates:
Atrial depolarization
1) Which statement best describes arteries? A) All carry oxygenated blood to the heart. B) All carry blood away from the heart. C) All contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood. D) Only large arteries are lined with endothelium.
B
101) Immunity that results from antibodies ingested from breast milk is which type of immunity? A) naturally acquired active immunity B) naturally acquired passive immunity C) artificially induced active immunity D) artificially induced passive immunity E) innate (nonspecific) immunity
B
102) ________ enable the immune system to launch a faster, stronger response to a previously encountered antigen. A) Plasma cells B) Memory cells C) Helper T cells D) NK cells E) Pathogenic cells
B
105) Which cells have a primary role in cell-mediated immunity? A) B cells B) T cells C) NK cells D) antigens E) plasma cells
B
108) Adaptive defenses A) involve immunological surveillance. B) protect against particular threats. C) do not distinguish between one threat and another. D) are not dependent on the activities of lymphocytes. E) are present at birth.
B
17) Cardiac muscle cells communicate through an intricate system of proteins and attachments called a) t-tubules b) intercalated discs c) desmonic apertures d) branched striation
B
19) The cardiac veins drain blood into the _____ and back into the right atrium. a) coronary arteries b) coronary sinus c) aorta d) pulmonary trunk
B
23) AV valves are opened by... a) Papillary Muscles b) Pressure c) Chordae Tendineae d) Pectinate Muscles
B
24) The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the A) pulmonary trunk. B) pulmonary veins. C) aorta. D) inferior vena cava.
B
26) Atrioventricular valves prevent backflow into the A) ventricles. B) atria. C) venae cavae. D) aorta. E) pulmonary trunk.
B
27) The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the A) heart. B) lungs. C) brain. D) kidneys. E) pancreas.
B
32) Consider a blood pressure reading of 120/80. 120 corresponds to the A) diastolic pressure. B) systolic pressure. C) pulse pressure. D) mean arterial pressure. E) blood osmotic pressure.
B
33) The matrix of blood is called: A) buffy coat B) plasma C) erythrocytes D) lymphocytes E) formed elements
B
37) The most numerous white blood cells are the: A) lymphocytes B) neutrophils C) eosinophils D) monocytes E) basophils
B
4) The pulse pressure is ________. A) systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure B) systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure C) systolic pressure divided by diastolic pressure D) diastolic pressure plus 1/3 (systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure)
B
40) A __________ clot is formed during the process of hemostasis. A) fibrinogen B) fibrin C) prothrombin D) thrombin E) thromboplastin
B
5) Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation? A) tunica intima B) tunica media C) tunica externa D) basement membrane
B
55) Hematocrit is the percentage of: a. plasma in blood b. erythrocytes in blood c. leukocytes in blood d.formed elements in blood e. platelets
B
56) White blood cells differ from red blood cells because only they contain: a. a biconcave shape b. a nucleus and most organelles c. the ability to transport both oxygen and carbon dioxide d. the iron-containing molecule called hemoglobin e. cytoplasm
B
63) The pulse pressure is ________. A) systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure B) systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure C) systolic pressure divided by diastolic pressure D) diastolic pressure plus 1/3 (systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure)
B
71) The first heart sound ("lubb") is produced as the atrioventricular valves ________ and the semilunar valves ________. A) open; close B) close; open C) open; open D) close; close E) The actions of the valves do not contribute to the heart sounds.
B
72) Which of the following is a role of capillaries? A) maintain blood pressure B) permit diffusion between blood and interstitial fluids C) house phagocytic white blood cells D) site of hematopoiesis
B
8) Which pumps out blood from the heart? a) atriums b) ventricles c) capillaries d) veins
B
85) The veins of the systemic circuit carry A) oxygenated blood to the heart. B) deoxygenated blood to the heart. C) oxygenated blood from the heart. D) deoxygenated blood from the heart.
B
86) The fluid lubricating the opposing surfaces of membrane in the pericardial cavity is called A) visceral fluid. B) pericardial fluid. C) mucous. D) cerumen. E) saline.
B
87) The embryonic remains of the connection between atria is the A) foramen ovale. B) fossa ovalis. C) atrioventricular valve. D) interatrial septum. E) interventricular septum.
B
88) The right atrium receives A) oxygenated blood from the vena cava. B) deoxygenated blood from the vena cava. C) oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein. D) deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein. E) oxygenated blood from the pulmonary artery.
B
91) Which are the primary cells of the lymphatic system? A) pyrogens B) lymphocytes C) mast cells D) lymph nodes E) phagocytes
B
96) After receiving a blood transfusion, a patient develops signs indicating a cross reaction between incompatible blood types. Which class of immunoglobulins is responsible for these signs? A) IgA B) IgM C) IgE D) IgD E) IgG
B
99) In artificially induced active immunity, A) exposure to an antigen in the environment occurs naturally. B) antibody production is stimulated under controlled conditions. C) the body receives antibodies produced by another person. D) antibodies are administered to prevent disease after exposure to the pathogen. E) genes for antibodies are introduced into the body.
B
103)During a typical immune response, activated B cells mature into cells that produce ________, which bind(s) to and attack(s) foreign invaders. A) antigens B) perforins C) antibodies D) heparin E) complement proteins
C
12) _______ carries nutrients such as glucose, fats, vitamins, and minerals. a) red blood cells b) white blood cells c) plasma d) hemoglobin
C
20) The pacemaker cells of the heart are located in the a) AV node b) wall of the left ventricle c) SA node d) Purkinje fibers
C
21) The QRS wave of the ECG above is the electrical signal corresponding to which mechanical event of the cardiac cycle? a) ventricular diastole b) atrial systole c) ventricular systole d) none of the above
C
29) The semilunar valves prevent backflow into the A) atria. B) aorta. C) ventricles. D) pulmonary trunk. E) venae cavae.
C
42) Which antigen(s) does type AB blood contain: A) A antigen B) B antigen C) A and B antigens D) sometimes A antigens, other times B antigens E) no antigens
C
43) The universal recipient has blood type: A) A B) B C) AB D) O E) ABO
C
45) What is the average normal pH of blood? A) 8.4 B) 7.8 C) 7.4 D) 4.7
C
47) The most abundant plasma protein is ________. A) globulin B) clotting protein C) albumin D) bile
C
57) The average functional lifespan of an RBC is: a. 20-30 days b. 50-70 days c. 100-120 days d. one year e. the body's lifetime
C
58) The series of reactions that stop blood flow following a cut is called: a. homeostasis b. coagulation c. hemostasis d. erythropoiesis e. agglutination
C
6) The arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds are called ________. A) muscular arteries B) elastic arteries C) arterioles D) venules
C
61) The process whereby the binding of antibodies to antigens causes RBCs to clump is called: a. hemostasis b. coagulation c. agglutination d. clotting cascade e. hemolysis
C
64) Peripheral resistance ________. A) decreases with increasing length of the blood vessel B) increases as blood vessel diameter increases C) increases as blood viscosity increases D) is not a major factor in blood pressure in healthy individuals
C
65) The two common iliac veins form the A) femoral vein. B) popliteal vein. C) inferior vena cava. D) lumbar vein. E) great saphenous vein.
C
67) The ________ circuit carries blood to and from all parts of the body except the lungs. A) pulmonary B) coronary C) systemic D) systolic E) diastolic
C
68) The atrioventricular valve on the left side of the heart is also called the A) tricuspid valve. B) cuspid valve. C) mitral valve. D) pulmonary valve. E) aortic valve.
C
7) Which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension? A) 120/80 in a 30-year-old man B) 140/90 in a 70-year-old woman C) 170/96 in a 50-year-old man D) 110/60 in a 20-year-old woman
C
73) The plasma component with a role in blood clotting is called A) albumin. B) globulin. C) fibrinogen. D) electrolyte. E) salt.
C
76) Oxyhemoglobin consists of A) two hemes and an oxygen molecule. B) two oxygen molecule and a heme. C) four oxygen molecules and four hemes. D) two oxygen molecules and two hemes. E) two hemes and four oxygen molecules.
C
79) The final step in the coagulation phase is A) activation of Factor X. B) conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. C) conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. D) platelet plug formation. E) chemotaxis of clotting factors.
C
83) The circuit that travels through the left side of the heart is the ________ circuit. A) pulmonary B) arteriole C) systemic D) venous E) hepatic
C
90) The vessels that supply blood to the heart are called the A) aortic arch. B) ascending aorta. C) coronary arteries. D) vena cava. E) coronary sinus.
C
97) Immunoglobulins that are the first antibody type to be produced and secreted, following initial exposure to an antigen, are the ________ antibodies. A) IgE B) IgG C) IgM D) IgD E) IgA
C
107) Which of the following is the "first line of cellular defense" against foreign compounds or pathogens? A) T cells B) B cells C) NK cells D) phagocytes E) plasma cells
D
28) Blood flowing from the left atrium to the left ventricle flows through the ________ valve. A) aortic B) tricuspid C) pulmonary D) bicuspid E) papillary
D
3) Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ________. A) arterioles B) arteries C) veins D) capillaries
D
31) The instrument used to measure blood pressure is the A) stethoscope. B) thermometer. C) endoscope. D) sphygmomanometer. E) hydrostatic pressure cuff.
D
38) Which type of leukocyte contains heparin, an anticoagulant: A) neutrophil B) monocyte C) lymphocyte D) basophil E) eosinophil
D
75) Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? A) distribution of respiratory gases B) delivery of hormones C) temperature regulation D) neural processing E) defense against diseases
D
84) The arteries of the pulmonary circuit carry A) oxygenated blood to the heart. B) deoxygenated blood to the heart. C) oxygenated blood from the heart. D) deoxygenated blood from the heart.
D
100)A child develops symptoms of chicken pox, produces antibodies against its specific antigens, and recovers from the illness. Later as an adult, he is immune to another exposure to the chicken pox virus. This is an example of which type of immunity? A) artificially induced active immunity B) naturally acquired passive immunity C) artificially induced passive immunity D) innate (nonspecific) immunity E) naturally acquired active immunity
E
109) Choose the most accurate characteristic of B cells. A) They help establish and control the sensitivity of the immune response. B) They stimulate the activities of T cells. C) They attack foreign cells, normal cells infected with viruses, and cancer cells that appear in normal tissues. D) They continually monitor peripheral tissues. E) They differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies.
E
16) The fibrous pericardial sac around the heart is lined by the a) epicardium b) endocardium c) parietal myocardium d) parietal endocardium e) parietal pericardium
E
25) Deoxygenated blood is carried away from the right ventricle by the A) pulmonary arteries. B) pulmonary veins. C) aorta. D) inferior vena cava. E) pulmonary trunk.
E
39) The type of leukocytes that become macrophages in the tissues are: A) neutrophils B) eosinophils C) basophils D) lymphocytes E) monocytes
E
44) Which of these blood types carries no antigens: A) blood type A B) blood type B C) blood type AB D) blood types A, B, and AB E) blood type O
E
66) The innermost layer of the heart wall is the A) mediastinum. B) parietal pericardium. C) epicardium. D) myocardium. E) endocardium.
E
69) When a chamber fills with blood and is preparing to begin the next cardiac cycle, that chamber is A) in systole. B) in arrhythmia. C) contracting. D) depolarizing. E) in diastole.
E
70) During ventricular systole, A) the ventricles are relaxed. B) blood is entering the ventricle. C) the semilunar valves remain closed. D) the pressure in the ventricles decreases. E) the ventricles are contracting.
E
74) The average pH of blood falls in a range of A) totally neutral. B) very acidic. C) slightly acidic. D) very alkaline. E) slightly alkaline.
E
81) The majority of the body's blood volume at one time is found within the A) heart. B) capillaries. C) spleen. D) arteries. E) veins.
E
89) The left atrium and ventricle are supplied blood by the ________ artery. A) right coronary B) circumflex C) posterior interventricular D) marginal E) left coronary
E
94) ________ is the ability to produce a normal immune response upon exposure to an antigen. A) Versatility B) Complement activation C) Neutralization D) Specificity E) Immunological competence
E
