ANATOMY BLOOD

Blood normally clots in approximately ________.

3 to 6 minutes

Severe shock that can be fatal occurs with blood loss exceeding ________.

30 percent

Normal blood pH falls in a range between ________ to ________.

7.35; 7.45

When typing a patient's blood, agglutination occurred with anti-A and anti-Rh antibodies. What is this patient's blood type?

A positive

What does fibrin contribute to the process of coagulation?

Fibrin forms a meshwork that traps RBCs and forms the basis of the clot.

Donor and recipient blood types are A positive. Mixing recipient serum with donor RBCs caused agglutination. No agglutination occurred when donor serum was mixed with recipient RBCs. Is the blood safe for transfusion?

No, antibodies in the recipient's plasma are interacting with some unidentified antigen on the donor RBCs.

A separated sample of blood reveals the hematocrit composes 72 percent of the volume of blood while the plasma contributes 38 percent of the blood volume. The buffy coat makes up less than 1 percent of this sample. Which is likely the correct interpretation of these findings?

Polycythemia

The immune serum used to prevent maternal sensitization to Rh antigens is ________.

RhoGAM

When antibodies bind to antigens on foreign blood types, clumping or ________ occurs.

agglutination

Substances that the body recognizes as foreign are called ________.

antigens

Which formed element is the most abundant in blood?

erythrocyte

The transportation of oxygen in the blood is the responsibility of ________.

erythrocytes

What hormone controls the rate of erythrocyte production?

erythropoietin

What long, hairlike molecules form the basis of a clot during coagulation?

fibrin

Which of the following is characteristic of whole blood?

five times the viscosity of water

The percentage of erythrocytes in blood is known as the _______.

hematocrit

Which of these is a normal value for whole blood?

hematocrit: 45%

Which cell is the precursor of all types of blood formed elements?

hemocytoblast

What disorder is associated with a deficiency of clotting factors?

hemophilia

If you carry the Rh antigen, you are referred to as Rh ________.

positive

What is the basis of the ABO blood groups?

presence or absence of A and B antigens on the surface of RBCs

Where does hematopoiesis occur to produce new red blood cells?

red bone marrow

What blood type can a person with O negative blood receive in a transfusion?

type O negative

The average functional lifespan of an RBC is ________.

100-120 days

What blood type has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma?

type O

Which of these formed elements is responsible for stopping bleeding?

platelet

A person with type B blood can receive blood from blood type(s) ________.

B, O

Which of the following does not correctly characterize blood?

Blood is cooler than body temperature.

Molly has blood type A and her daughter has blood type B. Why can't Molly donate blood to her daughter?

Blood type B contains anti-A antibodies, which will agglutinate with type A blood.

What component of a red blood cell binds and transports oxygen?

Hemoglobin

What is not contained in the plasma of blood?

Hemoglobin

Rh-related problems occur in pregnant Rh- women carrying an Rh+ baby.

True

Unlike erythrocytes, leukocytes contain a nucleus and the usual complement of organelles, including mitochondria.

True

What is blood serum?

blood plasma minus the clotting proteins

Which blood type(s) can a person with blood type O receive?

blood type O

Erythrocytes ________.

lack a nucleus and most organelles

Which blood cells are responsible for fighting infections?

leukocytes

In a centrifuged blood sample, the buffy coat situated between the formed elements and the plasma contains ________.

leukocytes and platelets

Which organ is largely responsible for the synthesis of clotting factors?

liver

Platelets are fragments of a multinucleate cell known as a(n) ________.

megakaryocyte

The "universal donor" is blood type ________.

O