Anatomy ch 13Functions of the nervous system include which of the following?

Satellite cells surround the cell bodies of peripheral neurons, which can be found in (the)

ganglia.

Organized masses of axons and neuron cell bodies in both the CNS and the PNS

have distinct anatomical boundaries.

Because a neuron loses its centrioles,

it is rendered incapable of dividing.

A neuron might be temporarily unable to transmit an impulse to another if

its supply of neurotransmitters is exhausted

The activity of the nervous system is dependent upon

large amounts of energy, cellular connections, a proper extracellular environment, a proper intracellular environment.

In the process known as Wallerian degeneration,

macrophages remove the debris of damaged axons.

An inhibitory response

makes an action potential less likely.

Which of the following selections lists only types of glial cells?

microglia, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells

A biopsy of infected or injured tissue from the CNS will most likely show an elevated number of

microglia.

Myelin is (a)

mostly lipid.

If the point of an extremely small probe were passed into a satellite cell, it would be located in which region of the nervous system?

near a cell body in a ganglion of the PNS

Cells responsible for information processing and transfer are

neurons.

At a vesicular synapse the neurons communicate by

neurotransmitters.

Areas of a myelinated axon that are not covered by myelin are called

nodes.

Areas of gray matter in the interior of the CNS form larger groups called

nuclei.

A group of neuron cell bodies in the CNS that has a descrete boundary is called a

nucleus.

Which type of cell can only be found in the central nervous system?

oligodendrocytes

Injured neurons can recover their functional capabilities if

the oxygen and nutrient supplies are restored.

A communicating junction acts to facilitate

the passage of ions between the cells.

The rate of conduction of a nerve impulse depends upon

the presence or absence of a myelin sheath.

Subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) include

the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous system, the special sensory receptors, the visceral sensory receptors.

A nerve impulse triggers events at a synapse or junction that

transfer information either to another neuron or to an effector cell.

Involuntary cardiac muscle fibers on the heart are innervated by

visceral motor fibers.

Areas of the nervous system that are dense in myelinated axons are referred to as

white matter.

What is the correct sequence of events at a synapse?

1. arrival of nerve impulse at synaptic knob in presynaptic cell 2.neurotransmitter release/diffusion 3. binding of neurotransmitter to receptors 4. generation of action potential in the postsynaptic cell axon 5. removal of neurotransmitter molecules from receptors

A bundle of axons in the PNS is called a nerve. True or false?

TRUE

A bundle of axons within the CNS that shares a common origin, destination, and function is called a tract. True or false?

TRUE

The effects of a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane include which of the following?

Excitatory or inhibitory responses.

A group of cell bodies within the PNS is called a nucleus. True or false?

FALSE

A neuron classified on the basis that it delivers information to the CNS is a motor neuron. True or false?

FALSE

A neuron with one axon and one dendrite, with the soma between them is a pseudounipolar neuron. True or false?

FALSE

A neuron with the dendrite continuous with the axon, and the cell body off to the side is a bipolar neuron. True or false?

FALSE

A somatic motor neuron controls smooth and cardiac muscles. True or false?

FALSE

A connection between the brain and other organs in the body is called a pathway. True or false?

TRUE

A group of axons in a specific region of the spinal cord is called a column. True or false?

TRUE

A neuron with several dendrites but a single axon, which may have many branches is a multipolar neuron.True or false?

TRUE

A small neuron with processes that cannot be distinguished from axon to dendrite is called an anaxonic neuron. True or false?

TRUE

A somatic motor neuron controls skeletal muscle. True or false?

TRUE

Somatic sensory receptors receive information from the skin about touch, pain, and temperature. True or false?

TRUE

Special sensory receptors receive information in the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth. True or false?

TRUE

Visceral sensory receptors receive information from internal organs. True or false?

TRUE

If the CNS was susceptible to a drug that should not affect it, this might indicate damage to which of the following cells?

astrocytes

Pathways leading from the receptors to the CNS are called

both afferent and sensory pathways.

Which of the following are examples of neuroeffector synapses?

both neuromuscular synapse and neuroglandular synapse

The anatomical subdivisions of the nervous system are (the)

central and peripheral nervous systems.

Nerve impulse transmission between cells of the CNS without any delay can be attributed to

communicating junctions that permit the passage of ions between the cells.

Functions of the nervous system include which of the following?

controlling and adjusting the activities of the other systems, receiving input from the senses, stimulating muscles and glands to contract, integrating and processing data

When a neural pathway splits to involve many areas of the nervous system, the type of processing is known as

diverging.

Muscles, glands, and special cells that respond to neural stimuli are called

effectors.

Which of the following are most closely involved with somatic sensory neurons?

exteroceptors

If all of the glial cells of the nervous system were destroyed, which of the following would occur?

Less than 20 percent of the cells of the nervous system would remain.

Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands are under the control of the

autonomic nervous system.

Types of synapses include which of the following?

axoaxonic, axodendritic, axosomatic, neuroeffector synapses

The area that connects the cell body to the axon is called the

axon hillock.

The portion of a neuron that carries information in the form of a nerve impulse is called the

axon.

Movement of nutrients, wastes, and organelles between the cell body and axon terminals is called

axoplasmic transport.

The central nervous system (CNS) includes the

brain and spinal cord.

Which of the following neuroglia produce cerebrospinal fluid?

ependymal cells

Demyelination

is the gradual reduction in myelin.

Pathways that connect the CNS with effectors are

motor pathways, descending pathways, and efferent pathways.

Which of the following is gray matter?

neural cortex

The surface of the brain is called the

neural cortex.

The outermost covering of a myelinated axon is called (the)

neurolemma.

Axons extending from a peripheral ganglion to an effector are called

postganglionic fibers.

The functional classifications of neurons includes ________, which carry information toward the CNS.

sensory neurons

Microglia are (the)

smallest neuroglial cell.

Which of the following structures do not contribute to the coarse grainy appearance of the perikaryon of a neuron?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Receptors may be classified as

somatic and visceral.

Generation of an action potential at an axon of a neuron may be caused by

stimulation of any portion of the dendrites of the neuron and/or input from various presynaptic cells.

Neurotransmitters are

stored in synaptic vesicles.

Neuroglia in the nervous system function to

support the neurons.

The structural classification of a neuron is based upon

the number of processes that project from the cell body.

Nonvesicular synapses are unique because they have

a communicating junction.

A neuron pool is

a group of interconnected neurons with specific functions.

To contact a Schwann cell, where would a microprobe have to be inserted in the nervous system?

along any axon in the PNS, myelinated or not

The process of reverberation involves

extension of collateral axons back toward the source of an impulse and further stimulation of the presynaptic neurons.

Functions of the peripheral nervous system include

providing sensory information to the CNS and carrying motor commands to the peripheral tissues and systems.

In the case of most neurons, the arrival of a nerve impulse at the terminal bouton immediately triggers

release of ACh at the presynaptic membrane.

Action potentials result from

abrupt changing of the transmembrane potential.

Over 50 different neurotransmitters have been identified, but the best known is

acetylcholine.