Anatomy: Chapter 8

Which of the following causes joint degeneration? (1) bursitis (2) arthritis (3) osteoarthritis (4) gout (5) primary fibrositis

(1) bursitis

Which of the following is possible in a synarthrosis joint? (1) flexion (2) rotation (3) abduction (4) opposition (5) none of the above

(5) none of the above

Ball and Socket

(synovial joint) ball shaped, provides widest range of movement. e.g. hip and shoulder

Joints are classified into how many major groups?

3

the type of material that holds the bones together

Structure

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body is _________

ab-abuction

Move the limb toward the midline

adduction

The opposite of abduction is _________

adduction

Gliding

allows only gliding motion. e.g. intervertebral joints

Those joints allowing only slight movement are ___________

amphiarthroses

Suture

an articulation in which bones are united by thin layer of tissue

Inflamed joint

arthritis

Inflammation of a joint is called ________

arthritis

Total joint inflammation is ________

arthritis

A union between two or more bones is an

articulation

Joint

articulation

an ____ is a place of union or junction between two or more bones.

articulation

Condyloid

both the bone and the cavity are elliptical. AKA "ellipsoidal". e.g. wrist joint between radius and carpals

Closed sacs with a synovial lining are _________

bursae

Inflamed bursa

bursitis

Inflammation of synovial bursa

bursitis

A joint in which two bony surfaces are connected by hyaline cartilage is a ____________

cynchondrosis

Lower a part

depression

Synovial joints

diarthroses

Synovial joints are also called

diarthroses

Pushing the foot up

dorsiflexion

_________ is raising the body

elevation

A condyloid joint is also known as an ______ joint

ellipsoidal

Condyloid joint

ellipsoidal

In a suture, the bones are united by _____

fibrous tissue

If a joint is forced beyond its normal range of extension, it is __________

hyperextended

Synarthroses

joint or a union between bones that do not allow movement

Diarthroses

joints or articulations that are freely moving

Amphiarthoroses

joints that plot only slight movement

An example of a hinge joint is the _______

knee

Hinge joint

knee joint

Bone-to-bone connector

ligament

Hinge

limits movements to flexion and extension. e.g. knee, elbow, fingers, and toes

Synovial fluid has two functions:

lubricates and nourishes the cartilage

Pivot

motion is limited to rotation. e.g. neck

Saddle

one articular surface is concave and the other is convex. the two bones fit together. e.g. carpal-metacarpal articulation in the thumb

Rheumatism

primary fibrositis

Moving the palm of the hand so that it faces down is called _________

pronation

Gliding joints are found in the ________

spine

Joints are classified by ______ and _____

structure and function

Joints of skull

sutures

Skull joints are called ______

sutures

A joint in which the bones are connected by a disk of fibrocartilage is a _________

symphysis

Supination and pronation refer to movement of the ________

wrist and elbow

Saddle joint

thumb

Bursae

1) Closed sacs with a synovial membrane lining 2) Found in spaces of CT between tendons, ligaments and bones. 3) Found wherever friction could develop during movement 4) Three types based on where they are found. . .

according to the degree of movement they allow

Function

Gomphosis

a joint in which a conical process fits into a socket

Symphysis

a joint in which bones are connected by disk or fibrocartilage

Syndesmosis

a joint in which bones are connected by ligaments

Synchondrosis

a joint in which two bones surfaces are connected by hyaline cartilage

A buffer between two weight-bearing bones is provided by ________

cartilage

Buffer between vertebrae

cartilage

Synovial joints are characterized by the presence of a _____ and a ______

cavity and a capsule

A ball-and-socket joint will have a ball-shaped head fitting into a ______ ________

concave socket

An ellipsoidal joint is also known as which type of joint?

condyloid

The type of joint formed by opposing planes surfaces is a ________

gliding joint

A tooth is an example of a(n) _______

gomphosis

Accumulation of uric acid crystals

gout

Excessive uric acid

gout

A convex surface fits into a concave surface. What kind of joint is this?

hinge

Degenerative joint disease is sometimes known as _________

osteo-arthiritis

In the joint of the hip, the ball-shaped head of the femur fits into the ________

pelvic bone

Foot pushes down

planar flexion

The opposite of dorsiflexion is ________

plantar flexion

Bacterial infection

rheumatic fever

Around an axis

rotation

Move around the central axis

rotation

The thumb is an example of a ______ joint

saddle

Ball and socket joint

shoulder

The joint providing the greatest range of motion in the body is found in the _________

shoulder

Immovable joint

synarthroses

Two bony surfaces are connected by hyaline cartilage; this is a __________

synchondrosis

Besides sutures, there are two other types of synarthroses; they are _______ and ________

syndesmosis and gomphosis

A diarthroses joint provides a smooth gliding surface because of ___________

synovial fluid