Anatomy - Chapter 8: The Skeletal System (The Appendicular System)

__________ support the weight of the body, provide spring and leverage to the foot when walking, and helps absorbs shock.

Arches

What bone(s) makes up the arm region in the upper limb skeleton and what bone(s) make up the forearm region?

Arm - humerus Forearm - radius and ulna

What bones is the pectoral girdle made up of?

Clavicle and scapula

T/F: The distal end of the femur articulates with the tibia (medially) and the fibula (laterally).

F - The femur only articulates with the tibia. The fibula does not reach the femur but articulates with the tibia at both its proximal and distal ends.

Bone feature that stays on the side of the talus (not on top) and anchors the ankle preventing it from moving sideways.

Lateral malleulus of fibula

The greater trochanter of a the femur is located more ___________ (laterally/ medially) than the lesser trochanter.

Laterally

These bone features of the tibia articulate with the distal end of the femur.

Medial and lateral condyle

Bone feature that articulates with the top part of the talus of the ankle preventing tibia from moving sideways.

Medial malleolus of the tibia

This ligament inserts anteriorly on the tibial tuberosity holding the patella in place.

Patellar ligament

The patella is located within what tendon?

Quadriceps femoris tendon

T/F: The appendicular system includes bones of the upper and lower limbs (free limbs).

T

What is the function of the patella?

- Increases leverage of tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle which helps maintain the position of the tendon when knee is bent (flexed, decrease in angle). - Protects knee joint.

Because the scapula does not articulate with the ribs and vertebrae, how is it anchored in place?

- Large group of muscles extend from vertebral column and ribs that will anchor the scapula in place. - Sternoclavicular joint

Answer the followings about the humerus: 1. This bone feature is located between the greater and lesser tubercle. 2. The head of the humerus is located more _____________ (medially/ laterally). 3. The greater tubercle is located more _______________ (laterally/ medially) while the lesser tubercle is located more ____________ (anteriorly/ posteriorly). 4. The deltoid tuberosity is located (medially/ laterally) on the shaft of the humerus. 5. The condyle is located _______________ (distally/ proximally) and is made of up what bone features? 6. The capitulum is located ______________ (laterally/ medially) while the trochlea is located ____________ laterally/ medially). 7. The _____________ fossa is located above the capitulum while the ___________ fossa is located above the trochlea. 8. The ___________ epicondyle is located laterally to the capitulum while the ___________ epicondyle is located medially to the trochlea. 9. Located posteriorly and contains a big depression where the olecranon process of the ulna articulates. 10. Bone feature that is located anteriorly and articulates with the coronoid process of the ulna. 11. Bone feature that is located anteriorly and articulates with the lateral head of the radius. 12. Bone feature where the deltoid muscle attaches to. 13. Slightly rough projections on top of condyles that serve as muscle attachments. 14. Smooth articulating surfaces that articulate with radius and ulna. 15. Bone feature where the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii passes through.

1. Intertubercular groove 2. medially 3. medially, anteriorly 4. laterally 5. distally, capitulum and trochlea 6. laterally, medially. 7. radial, coronoid 8. lateral, medial 9. Olecranon fossa 10. Coronoid fossa 11. Radial fossa 12. Deltoid tuberosity 13. Medial and lateral epicondyle 14. Capitulum and trochlea 15. Intertuberculer groove

Answer the followings about the pectoral girdle: 1. Acromion is a bone feature located on what bone? 2. The acromion articulates with the what bone feature on the clavicle? 3. What bone feature does the head of the humerus articulate with? 4. What bone does the humerus articulate with? 5. The acromion is located more ___________ (anteriorly/ posteriorly) on the scapula while the coracoid process is located more (anteriorly/ posteriorly). 6. The acromion is continuous with what bone feature on the scapula? These bone features are located (posteriorly/ anteriorly).

1. Scapula 2. Acromial end 3. Glenoid fossa 4. Scapula 5. posteriorly, anteriorly 6. spine, posteriorly

What is the purpose of girdles (pectoral and pelvic)?

Attaching limbs to the axial skeleton.

This ligament is located inferiorly on the foot, goes from the calcaneus to the navicular, made of fibrous CT that is going to be very strong to help maintain the medial longitudinal arch of the foot, and helps to provide support to head of talus that will be bearing the major portion of the body weight as the tibia sits on top of it.

Calcaneonavicular ("spring") ligament

This is the only place where the axial and upper appendicular skeleton articulate with one another.

Sternoclavicular joint

Why is the shoulder in the upper limb more mobile than the hip joint in the lower limb?

The ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder has little in the way of ligament support, which gives the shoulder a very large range of motion. In contrast, movements at the hip joint are restricted by strong ligaments, which reduce its range of motion but confer stability during standing and weight bearing.

distal

The head of the ulna is located (distal/ proximal).

The greater and lesser tubercle is located on the ______________ (humerus/ femur) and the greater and lesser trochanter is located on the _______________ (humerus/ femur).

humerus, femur

The radial tuberosity on the radius and the ulnar tuberosity on the ulna are located on the (distal/ proximal) end.

proximal

What is the difference between the pelvis and the pelvis girdle?

The pelvic girdle is ONLY the hip bone and the pelvis is the hip bones + sacrum.

Foot contains a ____________ arch that runs transverse and _______________ arch (medial and lateral part).

Trasverse, longitudinal

The ligament on the plantar portion of the foot that puts an extra "spring" in your step connects what two tarsal bones together?

calcaneus & navicular

Your friend falls and lands with all his weight on the lateral aspect of his foot just distal to the heel bone and proximal to the metatarsals. Which tarsal is most likely broken?

cuboid

What bone does not have a head? a. humerus b. fibula c. femur d. tibia e. radius f. ulna

d

The styloid process on both the ulna and radius are located on the (distal/ proximal) end.

distal

What bones form the knee joint?

femur, patella, tibia

The linea aspera on the femur is continuous with the ___________ ____________ and is located ________________ (posteriorly/ anteriorly).

gluteal tuberosity, posteriorly

Which are the only bones that contain epicondyles?

humerus and femur

The pelvic girdle is the fusion of what bones?

ilium, ischium, and pubis

A sheet of CT that holds the tibia and the fibula or radius and ulna together in a syndesmosis joint.

interosseous membrane

The radial notch is located on the _____________(medial/ lateral) and ___________ (proximal/ distal) side of the the _________ (radius/ ulna) and articulates with the head of the ___________ (radius/ ulna).

lateral, proximal, ulna, radius

The ulnar notch is located on the _____________(medial/ lateral) and ___________ (proximal/ distal) side of the the _________ (radius/ ulna) and articulates with the head of the ___________ (radius/ ulna).

medial, distal, radius, ulna

What is the primary function of the appendicular system?

movement

What bone(s) forms the pelvic girdle?

os coxa/ hip bone/ coxal bone

This joint is where the axial and appendicular skeletons meet in the lower limb and serves to transmit the weight of the torso onto the pelvis and lower limb.

sacroiliac joint

Which carpal bones articulate with the forearm?

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum

What are the 3 main joints located in the upper limb skeleton?

shoulder, elbow, wrist

The fibular notch is located on the ________ (tibia/ fibula), it is located on the ____________ (proximal/ distal) and ____________ (medial/ lateral) side, and it articulates with the ____________ (tibia/ fibula).

tibia, distal, lateral, fibula

The pectoral girdle and free upper limbs are the two distinct regions that make up the ____________ (upper/ lower) limb skeleton.

upper