Anatomy Chapter 9

Match each of the following hormones with the endocrine gland or structure that produces it.

1. Anterior pituitary Growth hormone 2. Anterior pituitary Prolactin (PRL) 3. Anterior pituitary Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 4. Anterior pituitary Thyrotropic hormone (TH) or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 5. Anterior pituitary Luteinizing hormone (LH) 6. Hypothalamus Oxytocin 7. Hypothalamus Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin 8. Anterior pituitary Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 9. Thyroid gland Thyroxine (T4) 10. Thyroid gland Calcitonin

Match the following actions with the appropriate hormone.

1. Oxytocin-Stimulates contraction of the uterus and milk ejection (the let-down reflex) 2. Parathyroid hormone- Raises blood calcium levels 3. Glucocorticoids- Promotes normal cell metabolism and helps the body resist long-term stressors 4. Thyroid-stimulating hormone- Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine 5. Antidiuretic hormone- Promotes reabsorption of water by the kidneys to increase blood volume 6. Insulin- Lowers blood glucose levels 7. Growth hormone- Promotes the growth of skeletal muscles and long bones 8. Follicle-stimulating hormone- Stimulates development of follicles in female ovaries and sperm development in male testes

Match each of the following hormones with the endocrine gland or structure that produces it, continued.

1. Parathyroid glands Parathyroid hormone (PTH) 2. Adrenal cortex Aldosterone 3. Adrenal cortex Cortisone 4. Adrenal medulla Epinephrine 5. Adrenal cortex Glucocorticoids 6. Pancreas Insulin 7. Pancreas Glucagon 8. Hypothalamus Releasing and inhibiting hormones 9. Thymus gland Thymosin 10. Adrenal medulla Norepinephrine

The scientific study of hormones and endocrine organs is known as immunology.

False

Drag and drop the hormones produced by non-major endocrine organs to its correct function in the body.

Gastrin stimulates HCl release in the stomach. CCK stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the gallbladder. Secretin stimulates the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas and inhibits stomach secretions. ANP inhibits secretion of aldosterone, thereby decreasing blood volume and blood pressure. Erythopoietin stimulates production of red blood cells. HCG stimulates the ovaries to continue producing estrogen and progesterone so that the lining of the uterus is not sloughed off in menses during pregnancy.

What is the functional relationship between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary?

Hypothalamus synthesizes the hormones stored and released by the posterior pituitary.

How does the hypothalamus regulate the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland?

It secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that travel through the blood to the anterior pituitary gland.

Body cells that respond to insulin include

Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.

What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose?

Liver cells.

Why don't all body cells respond to a particular hormone?

Only cells that have receptors for the hormone can respond.

Hormones Produced by Non-major Endocrine Organs

Stomach- gastrin Intestines- Cholecystokinin and Secretin Kidney- Erythropoietin and Active vitamin D3 Heart- Atrial natriuretic peptide Placenta- Relaxin and human chorionic gonadotropin

A liver cell responds to insulin by

Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen.

Which of these results when hormone secretion is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism?

The concentration of a hormone remains within a narrow normal range.

When blood glucose levels are low

The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase.

When blood glucose levels are high

The pancreas releases insulin.

Which of these occurs when blood glucose concentration falls below the normal range?

The pancreas secretes glucagon.

Hormones only affect certain tissue cells or organs known as target cells or target organs.

True

Most hormones are regulated by negative feedback mechanisms.

True

Which of these endocrine glands is located just above a kidney?

adrenal gland

Which of these is a tropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

What hormone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water as urine is being formed?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which of the following is a humoral stimulus for hormone release?

calcium ions

Which of the following disorders results from the hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

diabetes insipidus

How do lipid-soluble hormones carry out their actions at their target cells?

directly activate genes and stimulate protein synthesis

Which of these is characteristic of an endocrine gland?

ductless

Which hormone is released by nerve impulses?

epinephrine

Which hormone stimulates acid production in the stomach?

gastrin

The body's tendency to maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called

homeostasis

Where are receptors for steroid hormones found?

in the nucleus of target cells

Lena is hypoglycemic. To counter this condition and restore homeostasis, which of the following hormones would NOT be released?

insulin

Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as ________ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as ________.

insulin; glucagon

What organ secretes erythropoietin?

kidneys

Which hormone is secreted by adipose tissue and helps suppress your appetite?

leptin

The pineal gland produces ________.

melatonin

Which of the following is a common age-associated condition?

menopause

What is the main mechanism for regulating hormone secretion?

negative feedback

Which of these is linked to the decline in estrogen in menopausal females?

osteoporosis

Calcitonin is made by the ________ cells of the thyroid gland.

parafollicular

Which hormones help maintain a relatively constant calcium concentration in the blood?

parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin

Julie, who is middle-aged, feels tired all the time and has a hard time concentrating. She always feels cold and despite dieting, has gained a significant amount of weight. The hyposecretion of which of the following hormones is causing Julie's symptoms?

thyroxine