Anatomy~ Final Exam (Spring Semester)
semicircular canals
Dynamic equilibrium receptors that detect information about angular or rotational movements of the head are housed in the ________.
smell
Gustatory hairs are to taste as olfactory hairs are to ________.
spiral organ of Corti
Hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the ________.
conduction deafness
Hearing aids would be most useful for a person with ________.
malleus, incus, stapes
Identify the pathway of vibrations as they travel from one ossicle to the next.
motor neuron
Mr. Warren has spinal cord damage that prevents nerve impulses from being carried from the CNS to muscles or glands. What specific type of neuron has been damaged?
movement of otoliths along hair cells
Our sense of static equilibrium is created by the ________.
tympanic membrane
Sound waves entering the external acoustic meatus (auditory canal) hit the eardrum, also known as the ________.
lemons
Stimulation of sour receptors occurs in response to ________.
primary motor; frontal lobe
The _______ area that allows us to consciously move our skeletal muscles is anterior to the central sulcus in the _______ lobe.
longitudinal fissure
The fissure in the brain that separates the two cerebral hemispheres is called the ________.
vitreous humor
The gel-like substance that reinforces the eyeball and prevents it from collapsing inward is the ________.
axon
The part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the ________.
papillae
The small, peglike projections of the tongue's surface are called ________.
sclera
The transparent portion of the fibrous layer of the eye is the ________.
malleus (or hammer)
The vibration of sound waves causes the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, to move against an ossicle known as ________.
vitreous humor
Type of gel-like substance located in the posterior segment
hair cells
hearing receptors within the spiral organ of Corti are called
retina
layer that contains millions of photoreceptors
inner ear
location of the vestibular apparatus
vestibule
static equilibrium receptors are located in the ________________.
presbyopia
the age-related condition resulting from decreased lens elasticity is known as _____________________.
iris
the pupil is an opening within the __________.
cones
A person with total color blindness may lack ________.
middle ear
An ear infection following an illness such as a cold can pass from the throat through the auditory (pharyngotympanic) tube to the ________.
fungiform papillae
Charlotte burned the top of her tongue on a hot slice of pizza. What type of taste bud was damaged?
myelinated
Impulse conduction is fastest in neurons that are ____.
parietal
In which cerebral lobe is the primary somaticsensory cortex located?
glaucoma
Increased pressure within the eye, which causes pain and possibly blindness
tympanic membrane (eardrum)
Jake was struck in the head during a baseball game. Which of the following could impair the sense of hearing if damaged?
lateral commisure
Label C
A (optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tracts, thalamus, optic radiation, occipital lobe)
Select the pathway along which images received by the retina of the eye will travel into the brain. A) optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tracts, thalamus, optic radiation, occipital lobe B) cochlear nerve, optic disc, optic tracts, thalamus, temporal lobe C) optic tracts, optic chiasma, optic nerve, thalamus, optic radiation, occipital lobe D) optic nerve, optic radiation, optic tracts, hypothalamus, temporal lobe E) vestibular nerve, optic disc, optic chiasma, optic tracts, thalamus, parietal lobe
sodium ions
What are the major positive ions situated outside the neuron when it is polarized?
facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus
What are the three cranial nerves that carry taste sensations to the brain?
lens
What flexible, crystal-like structure of the eye focuses light on the retina?
lacrimal
What gland releases tears onto the anterior surface of the eyeball?
sensorineural deafness
What hearing disorder arises when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells in the spiral organ of Corti, cochlear nerve, or neurons in the auditory cortex of the brain?
accommodation
What is the ability of the eye to focus on close objects?
tympanic membrane
What membrane divides the outer ear from the middle ear?
hair cells
What must be stimulated in order for the sense of hearing to be transmitted to the cochlear nerve?
static equilibrium
What sensation is related to sitting motionless at a desk studying your anatomy and physiology material?
gustatory cells
What specific receptor cells respond to chemicals dissolved in saliva?
external acoustic meatus (auditory canal)
What structure is lined with ceruminous glands?
olfactory receptor
What type of chemoreceptor is responsible for our sense of smell?
rods
What type of photoreceptor cell allows us to see gray tones in dim light, and provides our peripheral vision?
photopupillary reflex
When Brock walked out of the dark movie theater into the bright, mid-day sun, he experienced ________.
fovea centralis
Which area of the retina has the highest concentration of cones?
vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
Which cranial nerve transmits both hearing and equilibrium information to the brain?
C (tarsal glands produce an oily secretion the lubricates the eye)
Which of the following correctly states the function of the tarsal glands? A) Tarsal glands produce sweat. B) Tarsal glands secrete mucus. C) Tarsal glands produce an oily secretion that lubricates the eye. D) Tarsal glands release tears. E) Tarsal glands secrete lysosomes which are enzymes that destroy bacteria in the eye.
B (color blindness)
Which of the following is a sex-linked condition that more often affects males? A) conjunctivitis B) color blindness C) night blindness D) glaucoma E) cataracts
a (breathing)
Which of the following is one of the major functions of the pons? A) breathing B) hunger C) thirst D) consciousness
optic chiasma
fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over the opposite side of the brain at the _____________ _____________.
malleus
label 1
stapes
label 7
otosclerosis
the age-related fusion of ear bones is known as _______________.
lens
the biconvex structure that focuses light on the retina is the __________.
sclera; cornea
the fibrous covering of the eye consists of the white outer layer, known as the ______________, and a transparent portion known as the ______________.
sweet, sour, bitter, slaty, umami
the five taste sensations are _____________.
vitreous humor
the gel-like substance housed in the posterior segment of the eye is the ______________ ______________.
conjunctiva
the membrane that covers the outer surface of the eye and lines the eyelids is the ____________________.
binocular vision
the overlapping of the two visual fields that provides for depth perception (3-D vision) results in ____________________ _____________.
convergence
what is the reflexive movement of both eyes medially to view objects close to us?
fovea centralis
what part of the eye has the greatest visual acuity?
pigmented layer
what part of the retina absorbs light and prevents it from scattering inside the eye?
somatic
what reflexes stimulate skeletal muscles
optic disc (blind spot)
what region of the retina lacks photorecpetor cells
cataracts
what vision disorder results from the loss of lens transparency?
lacrimal
which gland is located above the lateral end of each eye and releases tears?
retina
which layer of the eye contains photo receptors known as rods and cones?
retina
which layer of the eye contains rods and cones?
strabismus
"crossed eyes"
sclera
"white of the eye"
true
*True OR False* An astigmatism results from unequal curvatures of the cornea or lens.
true
*True OR False* Both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems operate with a chain of two motor neurons.
false
*True OR False* Difficulty in breathing may reflect damage to respiratory centers located in the cerebellum.
false
*True OR False* The internal (inner) ear functions in the sensation of hearing only.
true
*True OR False* The normal resting eye is generally "set" for distant vision.
true
*True OR False* The usual cause of nervous system deterioration as we age is circulatory system problems.
true
*True OR False* We cannot see images formed on the optic disc (blind spot).
presbyopia
The age-related condition resulting from decreased lens elasticity is known as ________.
scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)
The aqueous humor of the eye is reabsorbed into venous blood through the ________.
incus
The auditory ossicle called the "anvil" is also known as the ________.
prevent light from scattering inside the eye
The function of the choroid layer of the eye is to _________________________________________.
myopia
The inability to see distant objects is termed "nearsighted" or ________.
vision
The only special sense that is NOT fully functional at birth is ________.
otoliths
Tiny stones made of calcium salts that roll in response to changes in gravitational pull are called ________.
diencephalon
Together with the brain stem, the _______ oversees all subconscious, autonomic functions.
A (cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor)
Which one of the following correctly lists the order of the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye? A) cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor B) aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor C) vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor, cornea D) cornea, lens, aqueous humor, vitreous humor E) lens, aqueous humor, cornea, vitreous humor
vestibular (VIII)
Which one of the following cranial nerves is NOT involved in either taste or smell?
pungent
Which one of the following is NOT a primary taste sensation?
