Anatomy Final Test 2 Review

Which of the following is an indication of melanoma:

A pigmented spot that contains areas of different colors

Skin glands do not include

Salivary glands

Glands that discharge an oily secretion into hair follicles are ___ glands

Sebaceous

Which of the following is associated with nervous tissue?

Axon

A slight sunburn is an example of a ___ burn

First-degree

What type of cells form cartilage?

Chondroblasts

___ is a staging system which describes the stage or depth of anatomical invasion of a melanoma.

Clark's level

The three types of protein fibers found in connective tissue are

Collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.

Which of the following categories of epithelium is based on cell shape?

Columnar

Lamellae are characteristic of

Compact bone tissue

A gland with branching ducts that end in acini would be classified as

Compound acinar

The two components of the integumentary system are the

Cutaneous membrane and accessory structures

One of the main dangers of burns is:

Dehydration, as water can escape from the body

___ is an autosomal disease characterized by very red skin and severe blistering due to the clumping of keratin

Epidermoyltic hyperkeratosis

Blood consists of cells and a ground substance made of formed elements.

FALSE

Plasma cells produce the ground substance that forms the matrix of connective tissues.

FALSE

Smooth and skeletal muscles are under involuntary control.

FALSE

The skin carries out the last step in the synthesis of vitamin D.

False

The youngest keratinocytes are found in the stratum spinosum.

False

Structures that function in intercellular communication are

Gap junctions

Which of the following characteristics is NOT consistent with simple squamous epithelial tissue?

Has good blood supply within it

Which of the following statements concerning the hypodermis is false?

Hypodermis is composed of dense connective tissue with collagen and elastin fibers.

Cartilage heals slowly after an injury because

It has few, if any, blood vessels

Delicate unpigmented hairs that cover the fetus in early development are called

Lanugo hairs

The extracellular material found in tissues is called

Matrix

What type of exocrine gland uses exocytosis to secrete is product?

Merocrine

Which is not a function of the integument? a. Protection b. Water loss prevention c. Temperature regulation d. Synthesis of cholecalciferol (vitamin D precursor)

No exceptions; all are functions of the integument

The function of melanin in the skin is to:

Protect against UV light

The extracellular matrix of connective tissue contains

Proteoglycans

All cells attached to the basement membrane but not all cells reach free surfaces is a description of

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

The portion of the hair below the surface of the skin is the

Root

The type of membrane that protects internal organs from friction is a ___ membrane.

Serous

Glands whose ducts have few branches are called

Simple

If one of the functions of the capillaries is to supply body cells with oxygen and nutrients, you would expect the capillary walls to consist of

Simple squamous epithelium

Movement of food through the digestive tract results from the action of

Smooth muscle

Reticular tissue is found in

Spleen and lymph nodes

What type of cells have the potential to differentiate to form adult cell types?

Stem cells

Which type of epithelium has the following characteristics: multiple layers, squamous cell shape, dead outer layers of cells, and keratin present in some cells?

Stratified keratinized squamous epithelium

While walking barefoot on the beach, Joe stepped on a thorn that penetrated through the sole of his foot to the dermis. From superficial to deep, the order of the strata penetrated by the thorn is

Stratum corneum - stratum lucidum - stratum granulosum - stratum spinosum - stratum basale

In which layer of the epidermis are granules of keratohyalin formed?

Stratum granulosum

This layer is found only in thick skin.

Stratum lucidum

Columnar cells lining the small intestine have a brush border of microvilli on the apical surface.

TRUE

Excitable cells respond to outside stimuli by means of changes in plasma membrane potential.

TRUE

Fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs.

TRUE

Keratinized cells exfoliate from the surface of the skin.

TRUE

The acidity of sweat contributes to the acid mantle that inhibits bacterial growth in the skin.

TRUE

Which of the following statements concerning the epidermis is true?

The epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis.

If the papilla of a hair follicle is destroyed,

The hair matrix will lose its blood supply

The type of cell connection that serves as a permeability barrier is a

Tight junction

Epithelial tissue is characterized by

Tightly packed cells

Apocrine sweat glands are associated with hair follicles in the pubic and anal regions, axilla, areola, and beard.

True

Debridement is necessary for infection control.

True

Melanin, hemoglobin, and carotene give color to the skin.

True

The deeper of the two layers of the skin is the dermis.

True

Albinism is a genetic disease characterized by the inability to produce melanin due to the lack of

Tyrosinase

A physician estimates the volume of fluid lost in a severely burned patient by:

Using the "rule of nines"

Which vitamin begins its synthesis in the skin when exposed to ultraviolet light?

Vitamin D