Anatomy H Unit 2

Which of the following statements about chemical bonds is true?

a. Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds

Place the following structures in order from least to most complex organization: chromatin, nucleosome, DNA,chromosome

a. DNA, nucleosome, chromatin, chromosome

Which of the following combinations of atoms is most likely to result in a chemical reaction?

a. Hydrogen and Hydrogen

A major function of glycoproteins and glycolipids in the cell membrane is to

a. allow cells to recognize each other

When an atom donates an electron to another atom, it becomes

a. an ion

The act of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is

a. endocytosis

Which means of particle transport is shown in the figure above?

a. endocytosis

What organic compound do brain cells primarily rely on for fuel?

a. glucose

A phospholipid ________.

a. has both polar and nonpolar regions

Which of the following organelles produces large quantities of ATP when both glucose and oxygen are available to the cell?

a. mitochondria

Transcription and translation take place in the ________ and ________, respectively

a. nucleus; cytoplasm

Which of the following is not a true statement about diffusion? Diffusion

a. occurs from a high to low concentration

The energy stored in a foot of snow on a steep roof is ________.

a. potential energy

Which of the following is a function of the rough ER?

a. production of proteins

The characteristic that gives an element its distinctive properties is its number of ________.

a. protons

Which of the following is most likely to be found evenly distributed in water in a homogeneous solution?

a. sodium ions and chloride ions

The golgi apparatus stores, modifies, and packages proteins and other products of metabolism

a. true

When a cell is deprived of oxygen, its lysosomes tend to burst and release their contents into the cell. As a result of this, that cell will

a. undergo self-digestion and die

Ty is three years old and as a result of a "stomach bug" has been vomiting for about 24 hours. His blood pH is 7.48. What does this mean?

b. Ty's blood is slightly alkaline.

The nucleus and mitochondria share which of the following features?

b. a double cell membrane

The smallest unit of an element that still retains the distinctive behavior of that element is an ________.

b. atom

Which of the following is part of the elongation step of DNA synthesis?

b. attaching complementary nucleotides to the template strand

When physicians perform an organ transplant, they choose a donor whose tissues match those of the recipient as closely as possible. Which of the following cell components are being matched?

b. cell-surface carbohydrates

The cholesterol associated with cell membranes

b. helps to stabilize the cell membrane at higher or lower temperatures

Which term describes the relatively constant internal physical conditions of an organism?

b. homeostasis

Because they are embedded within the membrane, ion channels are examples of ________.

b. integral proteins

Diffusion occurs because

b. molecules constantly move and collide with each other.

A pentose sugar is a part of the monomer used to build which type of macromolecule?

b. nucleic acids

CH4 is methane. This compound is ________.

b. organic

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called

b. osmosis

Choose the answer that best completes the following analogy: Diffusion is to ________ as endocytosis is to ________.

b. osmosis; pinocytosis

The rough ER has its name due to what associated structures?

b. ribosomes

Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream. Which of the following options correctly lists the order of the structures through which insulin passes from its production to its exit from the cell?

b. rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane

A substance formed of crystals of equal numbers of cations and anions held together by ionic bonds is called a(n) ________.

b. salt

The ability of an enzyme's active sites to bind only substrates of compatible shape and charge is known as ________.

b. specificity

The bonding of calcium, phosphorus, and other elements produces mineral crystals that are found in bone. This is an example of a(n) ________ reaction.

b. synthesis

Nitrogen has an atomic number of seven. How many electron shells does it likely have?

b. two

How many "letters" of an RNA molecule, in sequence, does it take to provide the code for a single amino acid?

c. 3

Which of the following sequences on a DNA molecule would be complementary to GCTTATAT?

c. CGAATATA

Which of the following is not a difference between DNA and RNA?

c. DNA contains alternating sugar-phosphate

Which of the following is a molecule, but not a compound?

c. H2

Which of the following is a feature common to all three components of the cytoskeleton?

c. They are all polymers of protein subunits.

The cells of unicellular organisms are

c. able to carry out all of the functions necessary for life

Ion pumps and phagocytosis are both examples of ________.

c. active transport

Which of the following is a functional group that is part of a building block of proteins?

c. amino

Which of the following is not a way that unicellular organisms maintain homeostasis?

c. cell specialization

During diffusion, when the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, the molecules will

c. continue to move across the membrane in both directions

AB → A + B is a general notation for a(n) ________ reaction.

c. decomposition

C6H12O6 is the chemical formula for a ________.

c. hexose monosaccharide

On the periodic table of the elements, mercury (Hg) has an atomic number of 80 and a mass number of 200.59. It has seven stable isotopes. The most abundant of these probably have ________.

c. more than 80 neutrons each

A molecule of ammonia contains one atom of nitrogen and three atoms of hydrogen. These are linked with ________.

c. polar covalent bonds

Which of the following structures could be found within the nucleolus?

c. ribosomes

A substance dissociates into K+ and Cl- in solution. The substance is a(n) ________.

c. salt

________ reactions release energy.

d. Catabolic, exergonic, and decomposition

Which means of particle transport is shown in the figure above?

d. active transport

Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?

d. active transport

Uracil ________.

d. all of the above

The function of mitochondria is

d. cellular respiration(manufacture of chemical energy)

In DNA, nucleotide bonding forms a compound with a characteristic shape known as a(n) ________.

d. double helix

The diffusion of substances within a solution tends to move those substances ________ their ________ gradient.

d. down; concentration

Which one of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane? The plasma membrane

d. is the control center of the cell

Membrane Phospholipids

d. none of the choices are correct

Together, just four elements make up more than 95 percent of the body's mass. These include ________.

d. oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

Diffusion does not require the cell to expend ATP. Therefore, diffusion is considered a type of

d. passive transport

The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of?

d. proteins

Chewing a bite of bread mixes it with saliva and facilitates its chemical breakdown. This is most likely due to the fact that ________.

d. saliva contains enzymes

Jenny mixes up a batch of pancake batter, then stirs in some chocolate chips. As she is waiting for the first few pancakes to cook, she notices the chocolate chips sinking to the bottom of the clear glass mixing bowl. The chocolatechip batter is an example of a ________.

d. suspension

Choose the term that best completes the following analogy: Cytoplasm is to cytosol as a swimming pool containing chlorine and flotation toys is to ________.

d. the water

In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes

e. all of the choices are correct

Lysosomes

e. all of the choices are correct

Which one of the following is not a function of membrane proteins? Membrane proteins

e. all of the choices are membrane protein functions

Low density lipoproteins (LDLs or bad cholesterol) are taken up in-bulk into the cytoplasm of the cell. this process is an example of.

endocytosis.