ANATOMY HESI
Wrist bones are called which of the following?
Carpals
Which of the following molecule carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction for all organisms?
DNA
Which of the following lists the correct pathway of blood through the circulatory system?
Left ventricle, aorta, systemic circuit, vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium
What type of cell division occurs in the gonads?
Meiosis
Which gland releases melatonin?
Pineal glands
Which blood vessel returns blood from the lungs back to the heart?
Pulmonary veins
Stratum basalt and stratum spinosum are included in which layer of the epidermis?
Stratum germinativum
T-lymphocytes are developed by which of the following glands?
Thymus
Which muscle is located towards the front of the lower leg?
Tibialis anterior
The tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi is called __________.
Trachea
An irregular epiphysis at each end is present in which of the following?
a typical long bone
Which of the following muscles draw the limb away from the midline?
abductor
The anterior lobe of pituitary glands is called which of the following?
adenohypophysis
Which of the following gets absorbed directly into the blood?
amino acids
The ____________ carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart, while the __________ carry oxygen-depleted blood back towards the heart.
arteries; veins
Which of the following structures functions in directing sound waves into the ear?
auricle
The shoulder is an example of which type of joint?
ball and socket
Where is the popliteal artery located?
behind the knee
In which part of the body would you find aqueous humor?
between the lens and cornea in the eye
A tissue sample studied under a microscope exhibits the following characteristics: an extra ullah matrix providing rigidity to the tissue, and the presence of lacunae. Which type of tissue is this?
bone
Which type of connection do ligaments create?
bone to bone
The ______________ is located in the upper arm, and is a continuation of the ___________ artery.
brachial; axillary
What, in addition to adenosine triphosphate, must be present for a muscle contract?
calcium
Listening to music stimulates which of the following organs?
cochlea
The fingers is an example of which type of joint?
condyloid
What form of tissue provides support and structure for the organs?
connective tissue
What is secreted by the adrenal glands?
cortisol and aldosterone
What connects skin to superficial muscles?
dermis
Which structure lies between the thoracic and abdominal cavities?
diaphragm
Which exocrine gland produces a thin, watery secretion directly onto the epidermal surface?
eccrine
Which structure in the epidermis is responsible for cooling the body to maintain temperature homeostasis?
eccrine glands
Which of the following organ systems is correctly paired with its function?
endocrine/ regulation of homeostasis through hormone signaling
Which of the following types of tissues functions in the covering, lining, and protection of surfaces and body cavities?
epithelial tissue
Which of the following terms describes the process of forming new red blood cells?
erythropoisis
Eccrine glands secrete a watery substance onto the surface of the skin to maintain temperature homeostasis through which process?
evaporation
A patient with a lower than normal amount of thrombocytes could be at risks of _________________.
extensive bleeding
Where is bile stored?
gallbladder
The elbow is an example of which type of joint?
hinge
The diaphragm is _________ to the lungs?
inferior
Which of the following describes cellular respiration?
it is an oxidative catabolic activity
Which of the following about the hyoid bone is correct?
it is the only bone that does not articulate with any other bone
Which of the following is a byproduct of anaerobic respiration that can lead to muscular fatigue, muscle cramps, muscle pain, or a burning sensation in the muscles?
lactic acid
Which of the following is a byproduct of anaerobic respiration that can lead to muscular fatigue, muscular cramps, muscle pain, or a burning sensation in the muscles?
lactic acid
Which of the four chambers of the heart has the thickest muscular wall?
left ventricle
Which of the following best describes the function of the mitral valve?
let's blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium
A sprain occurs when which of the following structures is stretched or torn?
ligament
Where is bile produced?
liver
Which of the following organelles is responsible for digesting damaged cellular structures, as well as macromolecules and bacteria ingested by the cell?
lysosomes
Which of the following organelles would you expect to find an abundance of in leukocytes?
lysosomes
White blood cells contain many __________ because they need to dispose of harmful intruders such as bacteria and viruses. Which of the following options correctly completes the statement above?
lysosomes
The pharynx is a conduit for air and food. It is divided into three segments which contain lymphoid structures that play significant roles in protection and defense. Which segment of the pharynx contains the pharyngeal tonsils?
nasopharynx
What type of animal tissue is composed of neurons and neuroglia?
nervous
Which of the following causes bone matrix resorption in response to a decrease of calcium levels in the blood?
osteoclasts
Which of the following structures is part of the upper respiratory system?
pharynx
The neck is an example of which type of joint?
pivot
Skeletal muscle work in pairs. The muscle that executes the given movement is called which of the following?
prime mover
Which of the following is the correct sequence of transport of filtrate from the nephrons to the renal pelvis?
proximal convolute tubule - loop of henle - distal convoluted tubule - collecting duct - minor calyx - major calyx - renal pelvis
Reabsorption of water and electrolytes occur in various parts of the renal tubules. In which segment is sodium mostly reabsorbed?
proximal convoluted tubules
Which of the following could result from a damaged olfactory nerve?
reduced sense of smell
What is one of the functions of the hypothalamus?
regulates body temperature
Which of the following is NOT a function of cortisol? - Inhibits the release of histamine - Raises blood sugar levels - Release growth hormones - Reduces inflammation
release growth hormones
Which of the following cell organelles is correctly paired with its function?
ribosome/protein synthesis
Which vertebrae fuse to form the sacrum?
sacral vertebrae
Which of the following is the name of the imaginary vertical plane that equally divides the body into left and right?
sagittal
If you were to cut the body through the median plane, what type of sectioning would occur?
sagittal section
Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?
standing upright, facing the observer, upper extremities at the body's sides, feet flat and directed forward and palms facing anteriorly
What is the outermost layer of the epidermis?
stratum corneum
Which of the following salivary glands primarily contributes to the production and secretion of saliva?
submandibular glands
Which of the following hormones is primarily produced and averted by the male reproductive system?
testosterone
Which of the following describes the distal region of the humerus?
the epiphysis that articulates with the radius and ulna
Which bones form via intramembranous ossification?
the flat bones of the skull, the mandible and clavicles
What is erythropoiesis and where does it occur?
the formation of red blood cells; red bone marrow
Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is FALSE?
the hypothalamus is commonly known as the "master gland"
Which of the following is located in the thoracic cavity?
the mediastinum
What is the function of endocrine glands?
they secrete hormones directly into the blood
The components found in blood that carry out blood clotting are:
thrombocytes
Which of the following is defined as "like cells grouped together to perform specific functions?"
tissues
The functions of the circulatory system include all of the following except: - to distribute oxygen and nutrients to body tissues. - to distribute hormones throughout the body. - to deliver carbon dioxide to body tissues - to remove carbon dioxide from the body
to deliver carbon dioxide to body tissues
Which of the following is a primary function of the male and/or female reproductive system?
to produce gametes
What is the purpose of gastric mucous?
to protect the stomach lining from acid and digestive enzymes
What is the function of sebaceous glands?
to secrete oil that lubricates the skin and prevents drying
Which of the following male reproductive organs is also a part of the urinary system?
urethra
Which of the following features of veins results in the venous system operating at lower pressures than the arterial side?
veins have thinner, more compliant vessel walls than arteries
Which blood vessel delivers blood directly into the right atrium?
vena cava
What does the presence of antidiuretic hormone stimulate?
water reabsorption from the urinary filtrate
A patient complaining of pain in their sternum reveals that were recently in a mild car accident. Which of the following structures may have been injured in the accident?
xiphoid process
Which of the following acts as a store for fats and aids in bone function?
yellow bone marrow