Anatomy Lab Quizzes

The central nervous system includes the spinal nerves and cranial nerves.

False

A splinter pierces through the epidermal layers of the sole of the foot in the following order: 1. stratum basale 2. stratum corneum 3. stratum granulosum 4. stratum lucidum 5. stratum spinosum

2, 4, 3, 5, 1

Maria observes a patient in her clinic with a spinal curvature abnormality. She notices the patient's spine curves laterally from the midline. Determine the abnormality she observed and explain how she differentiated it from the other two types of spinal abnormalities.

A spinal curve abnormality that curves laterally from the midline would be scoliosis. This can be determined because the other two types of spinal abnormalities do not curve laterally from the midline of the spine. Kyphosis is a posterior curvature of the upper thoracic spine and lordosis is the anterior curvature of the lumbar spine.

Explain the terms distal and proximal using an example.

Distal is a term used to describe a limb or body part that is farther from the attachment point or the trunk from another body part, for example the foot is distal to the knee. Proximal is a term used to describe a limb or body part that is closer to the attachment point or the trunk from another body part, for example the knee is proximal to the foot.

Describe the classification and naming scheme for epithelial tissues.

Epithelial tissue have two names when classified. The first is the number of cell layers it has and the second is the shape of the cells. For example if a sample of epithelial tissue has one layer of columnar shaped cells, it would be classified as simple columnar epithelium. From knowing the layers and shape of cells, we can also find the function of the tissue. So a simple columnar epithelial tissue is used for secretion and absorption, which is important in the digestive tract.

The reason that the nail bed appears pink is the presence of a large number of melanocytes in the underlying dermis.

False, its because of the blood vessels

Inguinal

groin

The elbow is classified as a(n) ________. saddle joint plane joint pivot joint hinge joint condylar joint

hinge joint

Femoral

thigh

You have lost the labels to your muscle tissue slides in laboratory. Explain the characteristics that allow you to distinguish among skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle tissue.

The best way to determine the different muscle tissues in slides would be to compare the shape of the cells in the tissue samples. Skeletal muscles have multiple nuclei in their cells and are striated, they are also long and cylindrical. Cardiac muscles have only one nucleus in their cells, are striated, but are shaped more like branches and chains instead of long and cylindrical. Smooth muscles have only one nucleus in their cell, do not have any striations, and are continuous and look "smoother" than the other muscular tissue types.

Explain homeostasis as it relates to the human body.

The human body is always trying to maintain balance inside so that we can function properly, this sense of balance is called homeostasis. Homeostasis is controlled by the nervous and endocrine systems which regulate hormones and carry signals throughout the body. The body controls these systems by reacting to stimuli in their environments. The body's receptors receive the stimulus, which is then processed in the control center. The control center will then determine the action that needs to be taken to maintain balance in the body, the effector is the response sent out by the control center. The human body is constantly repeating this process to maintain balance. When we are healthy and functioning, this means that our body is in homeostasis.

List and explain the three general functions of the nervous system

The nervous system allows us to process ideas, control our body, and regulate homeostasis. The three general functions of the nervous system are to monitor stimuli, process the stimuli, and respond to the stimuli. First, the body is on constant alert gathering information on changes in the environment inside and outside the body which is called sensory input. Second, the body processes the information gathered this is called integration. Lastly, after the body processes the information it comes up with a response and tells the body to do something, this is called motor output. The body processes every stimulus like this and it results in our daily body activities, like walking.

Explain how the skin helps regulate body temperature.

The skin is very helpful in regulating and maintaining body temperature homeostasis, which is important for many body functions. The dermis is the layer of the skin that contributes to regulating temperature. The dermis is full of capillaries that can increase blood flow and decrease blood flow depending on the temperature outside. For example, when you are running your face becomes red, this is the blood capillaries in your dermis filling with blood and swelling to allow heat to escape your body. While you are on your run you may also begin to sweat, this is yet another way the body regulates heat. The eccrine glands found in your dermis secrete sweat when temperatures are too high, the sweat goes to the skins surface and evaporates, and relieves the body of heat. The skin has a major role is regulating the body's temperature and in turn maintaining homeostasis.

Identify the two dorsal body cavities, and state their locations and the organs contained therein.

The two dorsal body cavities are the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity. The cranial cavity is located inside the skull and contains the brain. The spinal cavity is located all along the back it starts at the cranial cavity and ends at the bottom of the spine, it contains the spinal cord.

Tarsal

ankle

Brachial

arm

Axillary

armpit

The term central nervous system refers to the ________. brain and spinal cord autonomic and peripheral nervous systems brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves spinal cord and spinal nerves brain and cranial nerves

brain and spinal cord

Digestive system

breaks down food for distribution by blood to the body's cells

Sural

calf

Deltoid

curve of shoulder

Integumentary system

excretes salts in perspiration and helps regulate body temperature

Antebrachial

forearm

Endocrine system

glands secrete hormones to regulate other structures

Coxal

hip

Which of these is a typical characteristic of the female pelvis? minimal flaring of ilia deeper than the male pelvis pubic arch less than 90 degrees ischial spines that are short and farther apart

i

Crural

leg

Muscular system

movement of the body as a whole

Lymphatic system

picks up fluids leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood

Urinary system

removes nitrogen-containing wastes from the blood and disposes of them in the urine