Anatomy lymphatic

Regardless of whether it matures into a B cell or a T cell, a lymphocyte that is capable of responding to a specific antigen by binding to it is said to be ________.

immunocompetent

Which antibody-antigen interaction results when a foreign blood type is transfused and clumped?

agglutination

What is the chief way the body responds to antigens?

complement fixation

Small proteins known as ________ are secreted by virus-infected cells to help defend cells that have not yet been infected.

interferons

IgE .....

is involved in allergies

The third line of defense involves the adaptive response mediated by ________.

lymphocytes

Antigen-presenting cells behave as

macrophages

Due to a recent respiratory illness from a viral infection, Jennifer has now developed

naturally acquired active immunity

How do plasma cells assist with humoral immunity?

plasma cells secrete highly-specific antibodies

The ________ duct drains lymph from the right arm and the right side of the head and thorax.

right lymphatic

Which of the following substances is NOT likely to trigger the immune response?

self-antigens

What is the best graft to have so as to avoid rejection of a transplanted tissue?

A) an autograft

What type of T cell releases cytokines to indirectly rid the body of antigens?

A) helper T cells

Which one of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease?

AIDS

Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are the four most common indicators of ________.

Acute inflammation

The thymus is most active during ________.

Adolescence

Systemic (body-wide) acute allergic response caused by allergens that directly enter the blood, as with certain bee stings or spider bites, is called ________.

Anaphylactic shock

Humoral immunity is provided by ________.

Antibodies

A(n) ________ is any substance capable of mobilizing our immune system and provoking an immune response.

Antigen

The major role of ________ cells is to engulf antigens and present pieces of them to the cells that will deal with those fragments.

Antigen-presenting

Lymph is largely composed of water that has escaped from ________.

Blood

Lymph fluid and some plasma proteins originate (escape) from the ________.

Blood vasuclar system

B cells develop immunocompetence in the

Bone marrow

What structure carries lymph into a lymph node?

afferent lymphatic vessel

Which of the following is NOT one of the four most common indicators of the inflammatory response?

Chills

Membrane attack complexes (MAC) form holes in attacked cells causing them to burst; this is a result of ________.

Complement fixation

The binding of complement proteins to certain sugar or proteins on a foreign cell's surface is called ________.

Complement fixation

Which portion of the antibody's structure determines the antibody's class ?

Constant region

Killer T cells, which kill virus-invaded body cells, are also called _______.

Cytotoxic T cells

Allergic contact dermatitis following skin contact with poison ivy would normally lead to ________.

Delayed hypersensitivity

The process by which neutrophils are squeezed through the capillary walls during the inflammatory process is called ________.

Diapedesis

Excess accumulation of fluid, which impairs the exchange of materials within the tissues, is called ________.

Edema

A tropical disease that results when parasitic worms clog the lymphatic vessels is called

Elephantiasis

What does fever accomplish?

Fever inhibits bacteria reproduction and speeds the repair process.

Troublesome small molecules or incomplete antigens that may mount an attack that is harmful rather than protective are called ________.

Haptens

AIDS cripples the immune system by interfering with the activity of cells called ________.

Helper T cells

Which one of the following is NOT one of the antibody classes?

IgB

T cells or B cells that are capable of responding to a specific antigen by binding to it with antigen-specific receptors that appear on the lymphocyte's surface are considered ________.

Immunocompetent

The study of immunity is called ?

Immunology

The specific foreign substances that an individual's immune system has the ability to recognize and resist are determined by ________.

Individual genetic makeup

What inhibits viruses from entering and attacking healthy cells?

Interferons

The adaptive (specific) defense system ________.

Issues an attack specific to particular foreign substances

Lymph from the left arm returns to the heart through the ________.

Left subclavian vein

Bacteria and tumor cells are removed from lymph by ________.

Lymph nodes

Peyer's patches and the tonsils are part of the collection of small lymphoid tissues that protect the upper respiratory and digestive tracts from infection and are referred to as ________.

MALT or mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue

The process by which antibodies bind to specific sites on bacterial exotoxins (toxic chemicals secreted by bacteria) to block their harmful effects is called ________.

Neutralization

Antibodies provided by serum from an immune donor or an animal donor do not challenge the B cells and thus provide ________.

Passive immunity

Harmful or disease-causing microorganisms from which nonspecific defenses protect the body are called ________.

Pathogens

The lymph tissues found within the walls of the small intestine are called ________.

Peyer's patches

Large antigen-antibody complexes can become insoluble and settle out of solution, a reaction called ________.

Precipitation

The right lymphatic duct collects lymph from the ________.

Right arm

The body's first line of defense against the invasion of disease-causing microorganisms is ________.

Skin and mucous membranes

Vaccines are NOT for:

Snake bites

What lymphoid organ stores platelets and acts as a blood reservoir?

Spleen

Which lymphatic organ's major job is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and return some of the products to the liver?

Spleen

The inflammatory process begins with release of chemicals, which do all of the following EXCEPT ________.

Stimulate release of lysozyme

Antigen presentation is essential for the activation and clonal selection of ________.

T cells

Lymphocytes are trained to be self-tolerant of ________.

The body's own cells

Which one of the following is NOT true of the constant (C) regions of antibodies?

The constant regions form an antigen-binding site.

Chemotaxis is best described as ________.

The movement of cells along a chemical gradient

Which one of the following is NOT a mechanism that aids lymph return to the heart?

The pumping action of the heart

The role of the ________ is to trap and remove bacteria or other foreign pathogens entering the throat.

Tonsils

Which lymphoid tissues trap and remove bacteria entering the throat?

Tonsils

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) includes the ________.

Tonsils, the appendix, and Peyer's patches

Active immunity to tetanus, whooping cough, and polio can be artificially acquired when we receive ________.

Vaccines

Tissue grafts harvested from a different animal species are known as ________.

Xenografts

Which one of the following is NOT one of the nonspecific body defenses?

antibody production

Which of the following is often used to treat allergies?

antihistamines

Where is the thymus located?

beneath sternum overlying heart

Hannah has an auto-immune disease in which the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed. As a result, she does not make enough insulin. What disease does she have?

type I diabetes mellitus

The region of the antibody that varies from antibody to antibody is called the ________ region.

variable or V