Anatomy MCQB Unit 4 - Ch. 19

Which of the following results from the overproduction of thyroid hormone?

Graves' disease

Over three-quarters of the adrenal cortex is the

Zona Fasciculata

Which of the following cell types produces insulin?

beta cells.

Which hormone decreases the concentration of calcium ions in body fluids?

calcitonin

The lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the

isthmus.

The two hormones released by the neurohypophysis are

ADH and oxytocin.

Which of the following does not apply to the structure of the adrenal cortex?

If one zone is damaged, the others can take over its functions.

Which of the following does not apply to C cells?

Their secretions assist the function of parathyroid hormone.

How do the cells of the adrenal medulla differ from other glandular cells?

They form from modified sympathetic ganglionic neurons

Which of the following describes the function of C cells?

They produce the hormone calcitonin.

Which of the following organs secrete hormones? (1) pancreas (2) liver (3) brain (4) adrenal cortex (5) adrenal medulla (6) thymus (7) ovary (8) testis (9) thyroid gland (10) pinealgland

a) 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 They all do

Which of the following is true of the suprarenal cortex?

a) If one zone is damaged, levels of the hormone it makes will decrease in the blood. b) It is yellow in color because of the presence of stored lipids. c) Each zone synthesizes different steroid hormones. d) It consists of three different layers. ***e) all of the above are true.***

Based on chemical structure, hormones may be labeled as

a) eicosanoids. b) amino acid derivatives. c) peptide hormones. d) steroid hormones. ***e) all of the above***

The endocrine system

a) includes all of the endocrine cells and tissues. b) releases secretions onto epithelial surfaces. c) includes parts of the nervous system. *** d) all of the above***

Amino acid derivative hormones and closely related compounds are structurally similar to individual amino acids, and include

a) melatonin. c) lipids. d) norepinephrine. ***e) A,C,and D.***

Hypothalamic centers regulate nervous and endocrine system activities by

a) secreting regulatory hormones to control pituitary gland activities. b) acting as an endocrine organ, releasing ADH and oxytocin. c) direct control over endocrine cells. ***d) all of the above.***

Hormones can alter cellular operations by changing

a) the quantities of enzymes. b) the activities of enzymes in the cell. c) the types of enzymes in the cell. d) DNA expression. ***e) all of the above.***

The kidney hormone, calcitriol is

a) used to increase blood calcium levels. b) released in response to PTH. c) a form of vitamin D. d) a steroid. ***e) all of the above.***

The __________ is firmly attached to the superior border of the kidney.

adrenal gland

What organ(s) is(are) nervous in structure but endocrine in function?

adrenal medulla and posterior pituitary

Which of the following is (are) a mineralocorticoid?

aldosterone

The conditions of polyuria, low blood volume, and high blood potassium concentrations result from the underproduction of

aldosterone.

The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex releases small amounts of

androgens.

Another name for the adenohypophysis is

anterior lobe.

A rise in the concentration of electrolytes in the blood or a fall in blood volume or pressure causes the posterior pituitary to release

antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Hormones

are distributed thoughout the body via the cardiovascular system

The chief cells of the parathyroid gland monitor

blood calcium levels.

A lipid that has been implicated in causing heart and blood vessel problems, but is necessary for the production of corticosteroids, is

cholesterol.

Damage to the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex would result in

decreased water retention. and an increase in urine volume.

All endocrine structures develop from __________ tissue.

epithelial

A kidney hormone that stimulates red blood cell production by the bone marrow is

erythropoietin.

Follicle cells surrounding the oocytes in follicles produce estrogens, especially

estradiol.

The hormone most important in supporting the maturation of the oocyte and growth of the uterine lining is

estradiol.

Which hormone stimulates egg development and the secretion of estrogens by ovarian cells?

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) contain all of the following cell types except

gamma cells.

The only hormone to target all cells to some degree is

growth hormone (GH).

Negative feedback on a releasing hormone by the presence of a peripheral hormone is an example of which type of endocrine reflex?

humoral

Changes in the composition of extracellular fluid constitute

humoral stimuli.

Releasing hormones (RH) directly cause

increased secretion from the anterior pituitary.

Sustentacular cells, which help support sperm development, release the hormone

inhibin.

The testis in the male produces androgens in (the)

interstitial cells.

The cellular targets for PTH can be found in the

kidneys. and bones.

The most important hormone produced by the pineal gland is

melatonin.

The cells of the endocrine and nervous systems work together to

monitor and adjust physiological activities in the body at any given moment.

Decreased levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) could result in

muscle spasms.

Most endocrine reflexes are controlled by

negative feedback.

Another name for the posterior lobe of the pituitary is

neurohypophysis.

Subcutaneous swelling, dry skin, hair loss, low body temperature, muscular weakness, and slowed reflexes are symptoms of

none of the above.

Gigantism and acromegaly occur as a result of

overproduction of growth hormone.

About 1 percent of the pancreas is structures known as

pancreatic islets.

The anterior pituitary can be divided into three regions:

pars distalis, pars tuberalis, and pars intermedia.

The epiphysis, or __________ contains neurons, glial cells, and special secretory cells called pinealocytes.

pineal gland

The hypophyseal portal system allows

regulating hormones to go directly from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback?

release of oxytocin in response to uterine contractions

An enzyme produced by the kidneys that is important for the regulation of blood pressure and blood volume is

renin.

The hormone that acts to oppose the effects of calcitonin is

secreted by the parathyroid glands. and parathyroid hormone.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) causes the release of

steroids by the adrenal cortex.

ADH is manufactured by the

supraoptic nucleus.

The main hormone(s) secreted by the male testes include

testosterone.

Hormones released into the interstitial fluid by the anterior pituitary enter the circulation easily because

the adjacent capillaries are fenestrated to permit passage of large molecules into the circulation.

____________ is/are both endocrine and nervous in function.

the hypothalamus

Early menopause in women will occur if

the production of estrogens declines too much to support ovulation.

All of the following are true of the adrenal medulla except

the systemic effects of the adrenal medulla are immediate.

Which gland stores its hormone extracellularly?

thyroid

Myxedema and cretinism can result from the underproduction of

thyroxine.

The zona glomerulosa is so named because its glandular cells are arranged as

tight clusters of cells.

The thyroid gland is located just anterior to the

trachea.

Which of the following hormones contains iodine in its structure?

triiodothyronine and thyroxine