Anatomy Nervous System Test Review
What does epinephrine do
"Fight or flight" response, provides muscles with oxygen, re-directs blood to heart and lungs, increases heart rate
Define synapse
A space between 2 neurons
Define multiple sclerosis
Affects brain and spinal cord, dopamine imbalance
What substances interfere with action potential
Alcohol and sedatives
What causes the pins and needles sensation when your foot wakes back up
All of the electrical impulses fire up all at the same time
Define electrical synapse
Allows flow of ions between neurons
The ______ the diameter of the axon, ______ the speed of the impulse
Bigger, increased
What are the 2 major divisions of the nervous system
Central & peripheral
What does the nervous system monitor
Changes
What do chemoreceptors detect
Chemicals
Define neurotransmitter
Chemicals that function to open or close ion channels
Define sensory neurons
Conduct impulses from peripheral body parts into brain/spinal cord
Define motor neurons
Conduct impulses out of brain/spinal cord
Define alzheimers
Memory loss, dementia, caused by deficient acetylcholine
Define beta-endorphins
Neurotransmitters that alleviate pain and promote pleasure
Do neurons divide
No
Why are action potentials "all or nothing"
Once threshold potential is reached, the neuron is always depolarized
3 ways reflexes were checked in reflex lab
Using a rubber hammer on tendon on patella, put elbow in ice cold water, closed eyes for one minute and made direct eye contact with someone when opened
Define somatic
Voluntary
What is the lifespan of a neuron
100 years (lives as long as human)
What does the central nervous system (CNS) contain
Brain and spinal cord
What is a neurologist
Brain surgeon
Define motor neuron
Carries info from CNS to muscles
Define gray matter
Cell bodies of neurons and unmyelinated fibers
Where are sensory receptors located in neuron
Dendrites
What are the 2 types of synapses
Electrical and chemical
Another word for adrenaline
Epinephrine
Define hypersomnia
Excessive sleepiness caused by excess seratonin
Define sympathetic
Fight or flight
Define schizophrenia
Hallucinations caused by excess dopamine
Define action potential
How signals are sent within the neuron
Define insomnia
Inability to sleep due to deficient seratonin
What does myelin do for the axon
Increases speed and efficiency
Define myelin
Insulated the axon
What does the nervous system interpret
Integration
Define automatic
Involuntary
Define reflex arc
Involuntary response to an external stimulus, direct connection between sensory and motor neuron without connection to brain
Example of referred pain
Left arm pain during a heart attack
What do photoreceptors detect
Light
What is myelin composed of
Lipids and proteins
Define white matter
Myelinated axons
What does the peripheral nervous system (PNS) contain
Nerves and nerve endings
What causes your foot to fall asleep
Nerves are temporarily compressed
Define mania
Over talkativeness caused by excess norepinephrine
What do nociceptors detect
Pain
Define referred pain
Pain felt in a part of the body other than its actual source
What do beta-endorphins allow for exercise
Reduces perception of pain
Define chemical synapse
Releases neurotransmitters
What does the nervous system cause
Response
Define parasympathetic
Rest or digest
Define clinical depression
Sadness due to deficient serotonin and norepinephrine
Define epilepsy
Seizures
Define sensory neruron
Sends information to CNS
What 2 divisions is the PNS divided into
Sensory/afferent and motor/efferent
What 2 ions are involved in action potential
Sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+)
What 2 divisions is the motor pathway divided into
Somatic and automatic
Define sensory receptor
Specialized cell that detects a stimulus
What 2 divisions is the autonomic nervous system divided into
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
What do thermoreceptors detect
Temperature
Define neurology
The study of the nervous system
What do mechanoreceptors detect
Touch & texture
