Anatomy of the Cell and Cell Division
How many pairs of chromosomes do human cells have?
23
The total number of chromosomes in a human somatic cell is 46. Following mitosis there will be _____.
46 chromosomes in each daughter cell
The Cell Theory is/does NOT _____.
Another name for the Germ Theory of Disease
Which of the following cells would most likely have the greatest number of mitochondria?
Cardiac muscle cell (cell of the heart)
The structure that holds sister chromatids together is called the ________.
Centromere
To which portion of the chromosome do the mitotic spindle microtubules attach during the highlighted phase of mitosis?
Centromere
The mitochondrion has a double membrane: an outer smooth membrane, and an inner folded membrane called the
Cristae
What are non-membranous organelles in the cell?
Cytoskeleton Centrioles Ribosomes Microtubules
S phase
DNA replication
Germ Theory States that
Disease results from infection by specific microbes Cells can only emerge from preexisting cells (also called biogenesis) Cells are the fundamental units of life Homeostasis results from the coordinated activities of all cells in a multicellular organism Cells can carry out all of the basic physiological functions of life
Interphase is further divided into
G0, G1 , S phase , G2
This phase of the cell cycle is a time for protein synthesis, growth, and replication of organelles, including the centriole pair.
G1 phase
What phase of interphase is a time for protein synthesis, growth, and replication of organelles, including the centriole pair?
G1 phase
Which of the following lists the correct sequence of the cell cycle phases?
G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase, mitosis, cytokinesis
The protein that is now in its three dimensional conformation in the lumen of the ER is now transported from the ER to the
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following is NOT considered to be part of the M phase of mitosis?
Interphase
The cell cycle generally consists of ____, when the cell is metabolically active,and the division phase _____
Interphase mitosis and cytokinesis
The cell membrane
Is a mosaic composed of phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids, and proteins. Is a selectively permeable structure Regulates passage of molecules into and out of the cell. Separates the inside of the cell from the external environment. Is largely responsible for cellular homeostasis.
Interphase is the stage of the cell cycle that precedes
M phase
What will divide the nucleus into two identical nuclei and is the first part of cell division
M phase
All of the following are non-membranous organelles EXCEPT _____.
Mitochondria
One of the two combined cellular processes that result in the formation of two daughter cells that are the same as the parent cell is _____.
Mitosis
The large and small subunits of a ribosome are produced in the _________.
Nucleolus
Pancreatic beta cells produce insulin that is secreted from the cell to regulate serum glucose levels. What sequence of organelles might we examine for the origin of the secreted insulin?
Ribosome - lumen of rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - transport vesicle
What phase of the cell life cycle does replication of DNA occur?
S phase
The following are all functions of the plasma membrane
Separating the extracellular fluid from the intracellular fluid Regulating the movements of ions in and out of the cell
Which of the following is NOT true of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane is a rigid barrier that cannot be penetrated by extracellular ions, proteins, or carbohydrates.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of human cells?
They do not possess the ability to convert light energy to chemical energy via the chloroplast.
What are characteristics of human cells?
They have the ability to convert carbohydrates into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via the process of cellular respiration in the mitochondria. Human cells can synthesize proteins via ribosomes that are either bound to the endoplasmic reticulum or scattered throughout the cytoplasm. The genetic information is carried in the form of DNA located in the nucleus. Cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane.
A cancer cell has lost the normal regulation of the cell cycle and will divide uncontrollably, forming a large mass of cells called a neoplasm or a tumor. (T/F) (Why/Why Not)
True
The cellular process called mitosis will produce _____.
Two diploid cells identical to the parent cell
The protein product that has been packaged in the Golgi apparatus is moved to the plasma membrane via
a transport vesicle
During the highlighted phase of mitosis, the chromosomes are ________.
aligned in the center of the cell
Cell Theory States that
all living thing are composed of at least one cell and that as the basic unit of life a cell can carry out all basic physiological functions.
The phase of mitosis where the separation of the chromosomes occurs is __________.
anaphase
G1
cell growth organelle duplication protein synthesis
Human cells cannot convert light energy to chemical energy as they do not have
chloroplasts
The mitochondrion is an organelle that
converts energy stored in carbohydrate into ATP
After the nucleus has been duplicated the cytoplasm will be separated via
cytokinesis
The liquid that is inside the cell is called the ___________.
cytosol
Cytokinesis
division of the cytoplasm
In the Golgi apparatus, the Three demential protein is
further modification and packaging of the protein occurs.
Which activity occurs in the cell during the highlighted portion of the cell cycle?
growth
The process of Mitosis occurs for
growth, repair, and regeneration of somatic cells
Cleavage furrow
impingement of the plasma membrane, which marks the start of cytoplasmic division and begins in late anaphase
The newly synthesized protein is then transported into the
lumen of the ER
Which organelles are filled with powerful enzymes that digest worn-out cell components and destroy microbes?
lysosomes
What phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
metaphase
Which of the following nonmembranous organelles increases surface area?
microvilli
The number of ___ would be a general indicator of the amount of energy that cell required to perform all of its physiological functions.
mitochondria
What organelles are membranous?
mitochondria Golgi apparatus rough endoplasmic reticulum
During the highlighted phase of mitosis, the chromosomes are ________.
moving away from each other toward opposite poles of the cell
Which organelle controls the activities of the cell, such as protein synthesis, gene action, cell division, and metabolic rate?
nucleus
The protein product that has been packaged in the Golgi apparatus is finally moved via a transport vesicle to the
plasma membrane for secretion out of the cell.
Centromere
point where sister chromatids remain attached
What stage of mitosis do chromosomes become visible in the nucleus?
prophase
M phase (mitosis) is comprised of
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
G2
protein synthesis
G0
quiescent phase
During the highlighted phase of mitosis, the nuclear envelope is ________.
reassembling
Which of the following is NOT a membranous organelle?
ribosomes
Proteins that are secreted from a cell are often synthesized by
ribosomes bound to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Anaphase
sister chromatids are separated as the spindle fibers contract, pulling the chromatids toward the opposite poles of the cell.
Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of cholesterol?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
The following are all functions of the plasma membrane EXCEPT ____________.
storing energy
Genes located on chromosomes in the nucleus serve as the template to
synthesize a protein
Somatic cells (soma = body) are diploid, meaning that
they contain two copies of each type of chromosome.
Protein in the lumen of the ER, is folded into its
three-dimensional conformation
Mitosis is the type of cellular reproduction that produces
two daughter cells, which are identical to the parent cell
Sister chromatids
two identical chromosome strands attached at the centromer