Anatomy Test Blood
What is the normal blood pH?
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Increases in number during prolonged infections
Monocytes
Phagocytic agranular WBCs are ________
Monocytes
Name three ions in plasma
Sodium Potassium Calcium
Describe the consistency and color of the plasma you observed in the laboratory
Yellow
Abnormal increase in the number of WBC's
Leukocytosis
Fragments to form platelets
Megakaryocyte
Its name means "neutral-loving," a phagocyte
Neutrophil
Part of the plasma
Prothrombin
Plasma minus the clotting proteins
Serum
An enzyme that induces clotting by converting fibrinogen to fibrin
Thrombin
Substance that plays an important role in clotting
Tissue Factor
Also called a red blood cell
Erythrocyte
Transports oxygen
Erythrocyte
Agranulocytes
Monocyte Lymphocyte
Actively phagocytic leukocytes
Monocyte Neutrophil
Normal ________ values are in the area of 42%-47% of the volume of whole blood
Humaticrit
Also called white blood cells
Lymphocyte Neutrophil Monocyte Eosinophil Basophil
The leukocytes particularly important in the immune response are ________.
Lymphocytes
The percentage of RBC to total blood volume
Hematocrit
Releases histamine during inflammatory reactions
Basophils
What is the ratio to RBC to WBC
1000 to 1
What is the average life span of a red blood cell?
120 days
How long does it take RBC's to mature?
3-5
Normally, blood clots within _____ mins.
3-6
How long does it take for blood to clot?
3-6 days
The normal RBC count is ________ million/mm3
4.5-5.5
What is the blood volume of an average-size adult?
6 Liters
The cardiovascular system of an average adult contains approximately __________ of blood.
6 quarts
The normal pH range of blood is ____ to 7.45
7.35
Type A Agglutinogens or Antigens? Agglutinins or antibodies in plasma? Can donate blood to type? Can receive blood from type?
A Anti B A AB O A
What blood type is the universal recipient?
AB
If your blood clumped with both anti-A and anti-B sera, your ABO blood type would be _____. To what ABO blood groups could you give blood? ______. From which ABO donor types could you receive blood? _______. Which ABO blood type is most common? ______. Least common. _______.
AB AB All of them O AB
Type AB Agglutinogens or Antigens? Agglutinins or antibodies in plasma? Can donate blood to type? Can receive blood from type?
AB No AB A B AB O
Clotting begins when a ______ occurs in a blood vessel wall. Almost immediately, _______ cling to the blood vessel wall and release __________, which helps to decrease blood loss by constricting the vessel. ________ is also released by damaged cells in the area. This chemical substance causes ______ to be converted to ________. Once present, thrombin acts as an enzyme to attach _______ molecules together to form long, threadlike strands of _______, which then traps _________ flowing by in the blood.
Break Platelets Serotonin Tissue factor Prothrombin Thrombin Fibrinogen Fibrin Erythrocytes
Number rises during parasite infection
Eosinophil
Increases during allergy attacks
Eosinophils
_______ means stoppage of blood flow.
Hemostasis
Type O Agglutinogens or Antigens? Agglutinins or antibodies in plasma? Can donate blood to type? Can receive blood from type?
None Anti AB A B AB O O
What happens when an ABO blood type is mismatched for the first time?
Not a major reaction
What blood type is the universal donor?
O
After originating in bone marrow, may be formed in lymphoid tissue
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Condition of too few RBC's or of RBC's with hemoglobin deficiencies
Anemia
When a person is given a transfusion of mismatched blood, a transfusion reaction occurs. Define the term "transfusion reaction"
Antibodies attack each other and RBC rupture
In terms of its tissue classification, blood is classified as a ______ because it has living blood cells, called ________, suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called _______. The "fibers" of blood only become visible during ______. If a blood sample is centrifuged, the heavier blood cells become packed at the bottom of the tube. Most of this compacted cell mass is composed of ________, and the volume of blood accounted for by these cells is referred to as the ________. The less dense ______ rises to the top and constitutes about 45% of the blood volume. The so-called "buffy coat" composed of _____ and ________ is found at the junction between the other two blood elements. The buffy coat accounts for less than __________ % of blood volume. Blood is scarlet red in color when it is loaded with ________; otherwise, it tends to be dark red.
Connective tissue Formed elements Plasma Clotting Erythrocytes Hematocrit Plasma Leukocytes Platelets 1 Oxygen
The fibrous insoluble protein formed during the clotting of blood
Fibrin
A blood protein that is converted to fibrin during blood clotting
Fibrinogen
Type B Agglutinogens or Antigens? Agglutinins or antibodies in plasma? Can donate blood to type? Can receive blood from type?
B Anti A B AB O B
Least numerous leukocyte
Basophil
Releases a vasodilator; the least abundant WBC
Basophil
Also called white blood cells
Basophil Eosinophil Lymphocyte Monocyte Neutrophil
Granulocytes
Basophil Eosinophil Neutrophil
A fetus has a special type of hemoglobin, hemoglobin _________ that has a particularly high affinity for oxygen. After birth, the infant's fetal RBCs are rapidly destroyed and replaced by hemoglobin A-containing RBCs. When the immature infant liver cannot keep pace with the demands to rid the body of hemoglobin breakdown products, the infant's tissues become yellowed, or ________. Genetic factors lead to several congenital diseases concerning the blood. An anemia in which RBCs become sharp and "logjam" in the blood vessels under conditions of low-oxygen tension in the blood is _______ anemia. Bleeder's disease, or ________, is a result of a deficiency of certain clotting factors. Diet is important to normal blood formation. Women are particularly prone to ________- deficiency anemia because of their monthly menses. A decreased efficiency of the gastric mucosa makes elderly individuals particularly susceptible to ________ anemia as a result of a lack of intrinsic factor, which is necessary for vitamin _______ absorption. An important problem in aged individuals is their tendency to form undesirable clots, or ________. Both the young and the elderly are at risk for cancer of the blood, or ______.
F Jauncied Sickle cell Hemophilia Iron Pernicious B 12 Thrombie Leukemia
Basophils, eosinophils, erythrocytes, lymphocytes, megakaryocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils are all examples of these
Formed Elements
Red Blood Cell, Megakaryocyte, Eosinophil, Basophil, Monocyte, Neutrophil, Lymphocte are all examples of what?
Formed Elements
List three classes of nutrients normally found in plasma.
Glucose
Blood is circulated through the blood vessels by the pumping action of the ________
Heart
For this journey, you will be miniaturized and injected into the external iliac artery and will be guided by a fluorescent monitor into the bone marrow of the iliac bone. You will observe and report events of blood cell formation, also called _______, seen there, and then move out of the bone into the circulation to initiate and observe the process of blood clotting, also called ________. Once in the bone marrow, you watch as several large dark- nucleated stem cells, or ______, begin to divide and produce daughter cells. To your right, the daughter cells eventually formed have tiny cytoplasmic granules and very peculiarly shaped nuclei that look like small masses of nuclear material connected by thin strands of nucleoplasm. You have just witnessed the formation of a type of white blood cell called the ________. You describe its appearance and make a mental note to try to observe it activity later. Meanwhile you can tentatively report that this cell type functions as a _______ to protect the body. As another site, daughter cells arising from the division of a stem cell are difficult to identify initially. As you continue to observe the cells, you see that they, in turn, divide. Eventually some of their daughter cells eject their nuclei and flatten out to assume a disk shape. You assume that the kidneys must have released ________, because those cells are ________. That dark material filling their interior must be _______, because those cells function to transport _______ in the blood.
Hematopoiesis Hemostasis Hemocytoplasts Neutrophil Phagocyte Erythropoietin RBC Hemaglobin Oxygen
The most important natural body anticoagulant is _____.
Hephrine
If you had a high hematocrit, would you expect your hemoglobin determination to be high or low?
High
When blood becomes too acid or too basic, both the respirator system and the _____ may be called into action to restore it to its normal pH range.
Kidney
An anemia resulting from a decreased RBC number causes the blood to become ______ viscous.
Less
An abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells is _______.
Leukocytosis
Abnormal decrease in the number of WBC's
Leukopenia
An abnormal decrease in the number of white blood cells is ______.
Leukopenia
Ancestral cell of platelets
Megakaryocyte
Phagocyte in chronic infections
Monocyte
Agranular leukocytes
Monocyte Lymphocyte
Most numerous leukocyte
Neutrophil
Granular leukocytes
Neutrophil Eosinophils Basophils
What determines whether blood is bright red or a dull brick-red?
Oxygen
Name two gases in plasma
Oxygen Carbon dioxide
Primarily water, noncellular, the fluid matrix of blood
Plasma
Primarily water, noncellular; the fluid matrix of blood
Plasma
Abnormal increase increase in the number of RBC's
Polycythemia
Also called an erythrocyte, anucleate
Red Blood Cell
Contains hemoglobin
Red Blood Cells
Explain why an Rh-negative person does not have a transfusion reaction on the first exposure to Rh-positive blood but does have a reaction on the second exposure.
Senthisizes antigens